Poliartrite em cão por Leishmaniose - tratamento com miltefosina / Polyarthritis in a dog due to leishmaniasis - treatment with miltefosine

Background: Canine visceral leishmaniasis causes several clinical signs, such as lymphadenomegaly, exfoliative dermatitis, ulcerative skin lesions, and lameness. The most commonly reported locomotor changes are claudication, edema, arthralgia, joint stiffness, and muscle atrophy. Radiographic exam revealed cortical and medullary destruction, increase, or decrease in medullary opacity, proliferative periosteal reaction, osteolysis, collapse of joint spaces and soft tissue edema are observed. The aim of this report is to describe the clinical and radiographic evolution of a case of erosive polyarthritis associated with leishmaniasis in a dog before, during and after treatment with miltefosine. Case: A 7-month-old mixed-breed dog was attended due pain and limited mobility. In the orthopedic evaluation, joint swelling, stiffness, and increased pain sensitivity of the four limbs, as well as neck stiffness, were noted. Radiographic examination showed joint changes compatible with edema, with increased volume and radiopacity of the soft tissues adjacent to the joints. The segments of the patient's spine showed more severe bone alterations, the cervical spine being one of the most affected regions, with multiple bone proliferations throughout the vertebral body, especially in the ventral portion (spondylosis), compatible with polyarthritis due to leishmaniasis. Due to the suspicion, lymph node and spleen cytology was performed, confirming the diagnosis. Hematological examination revealed anemia, leukopenia due to lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia in addition to increased AST (79,4 U/L; reference: 6,2 - 13 U/L), creatine kinase (517,6 U/L; reference: 1,5 - 28,4 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (688,4 IU/L; reference: 45 - 233 IU/L) and hyperproteinemia (7,34 g/dL; reference: 5,4 - 7,1 g/dL). Treatment with miltefosine, allopurinol, domperidone, prednisone, gabapentin and dipyrone was started. Reassessments were performed monthly for 3 consecutive months. Hematological examinations showed improvement, with resolution of anemia and thrombocytopenia, and a marked decrease in creatine kinase values. Thus, it is evident that the dog did not develop liver or kidney changes during treatment. During the treatment and monitoring in this period, the dog had a clinical improvement, which started to walk without pain. In addition, joint swellings were no longer present, however, there was no improvement in the radiographic evaluation of the joints. Discussion: Clinical signs of the locomotor system are compatible with those described in animals that had osteoarticular manifestations associated with leishmaniasis, such as arthralgia, edema, and joint stiffness. In the present report, treatment with miltefosine associated with allopurinol resulted in an improvement in the clinical picture, and this therapy is therefore promising in dogs with polyarthritis due to leishmaniasis. A case published in human medicine demonstrated the intra-articular absorption capacity of this drug. There is only one study to date that describes the radiographic evolution of a dog with arthritis due to leishmaniasis after treatment with miltefosine and allopurinol. In this case described, the dog reported remained with the osteoarticular lesions after treatment, although clinical improvement was observed, as in our report. The use of miltefosine and allopurinol are in accordance with stage II staging for leishmaniasis. In this study, although there was no improvement in the radiographic examinations, the treatment was effective in the remission of the animal's clinical condition.

Non-epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma with systemic dissemination in a dog

Background: Cutaneous lymphoma is a highly malignant neoplasm, which can originate in the epidermis or dermis, aswell as be disseminated to other organs such as lung, heart, arm, liver and bone marrow. It comes in the form of nodes ofvarious sizes, erythematous and alopecic, itching may or may not occur. The diagnosis is made by cytological and histopathological examination of the compromised tissue. However, it is important to perform complementary tests for clinicalstaging and prognostic characterization. The objective is to report a case of non-epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma withsystemic dissemination in a dog.Case: A female mixed bred adult canine was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grossodo Sul with a history of progressive weight loss and the presence of alopecic and non-pruritic subcutaneous nodules in thetorso, nasal plane and pelvic limbs, starting 4 months ago. After approximately 20 days, the presence of rapidly evolvingulcerated nodules was noted. On physical examination, generalized lymphadenomegaly was observed and among thedermatological findings were multiple nodules of varying sizes with the presence of ulceration in the center of the lesions,alopecia, erythema and raised edges, in the region of the nasal sinus, pelvic and thoracic limbs, tail, thoracolumbar andabdominal region. The animal also presented right pelvic limb edema with painful sensibility to manipulation CBC andbiochemical tests (albumin, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, globulins, total proteins andfractions) were performed, being observed as normocytic normochromic type anemia alteration (erythrocytes: 2.78 106/µL; hemoglobin: 6.8 g/µL; globular volume: 18.8%), leukopenia (4,000/mm3) with presence of metamyelocytes (120/mm3) and rods (1,080/mm3) and lymphopenia (80/mm3). Three samples of the nodules were...(AU)

Non-epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma with systemic dissemination in a dog

Background: Cutaneous lymphoma is a highly malignant neoplasm, which can originate in the epidermis or dermis, aswell as be disseminated to other organs such as lung, heart, arm, liver and bone marrow. It comes in the form of nodes ofvarious sizes, erythematous and alopecic, itching may or may not occur. The diagnosis is made by cytological and histopathological examination of the compromised tissue. However, it is important to perform complementary tests for clinicalstaging and prognostic characterization. The objective is to report a case of non-epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma withsystemic dissemination in a dog.Case: A female mixed bred adult canine was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grossodo Sul with a history of progressive weight loss and the presence of alopecic and non-pruritic subcutaneous nodules in thetorso, nasal plane and pelvic limbs, starting 4 months ago. After approximately 20 days, the presence of rapidly evolvingulcerated nodules was noted. On physical examination, generalized lymphadenomegaly was observed and among thedermatological findings were multiple nodules of varying sizes with the presence of ulceration in the center of the lesions,alopecia, erythema and raised edges, in the region of the nasal sinus, pelvic and thoracic limbs, tail, thoracolumbar andabdominal region. The animal also presented right pelvic limb edema with painful sensibility to manipulation CBC andbiochemical tests (albumin, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, globulins, total proteins andfractions) were performed, being observed as normocytic normochromic type anemia alteration (erythrocytes: 2.78 106/µL; hemoglobin: 6.8 g/µL; globular volume: 18.8%), leukopenia (4,000/mm3) with presence of metamyelocytes (120/mm3) and rods (1,080/mm3) and lymphopenia (80/mm3). Three samples of the nodules were...

Urolitíase renal bilateral em cão: relato de caso / Bilateral renal urolithiasis in a dog - case report / Urolitíasis renal bilateral en perros - relato de caso

A urolitíase consiste em uma importante doença que acomete cães e gatos, podendo os urólitosse formarem em qualquer parte do sistema urinário. Quando presente nos rins, os animais sãoassintomáticos, entretanto crises de cólica renal podem ocorrer. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário daUFMS um canino, macho de cinco anos com histórico de apatia há dois dias. No exame físico foi verificadodor intensa a palpação abdominal e posição anti-álgica. O exame ultrassonográfico revelou estruturashiperecogênicas localizadas em ambos os rins, sendo no exame radiográfico observado estruturasradiopacas compatíveis com cálculos renais. A urinálise revelou pH ácido, mas cristais não foramobservados. Baseado nos achados clínicos foi realizado o diagnóstico presuntivo de nefrolitíase por oxalatode cálcio. Iniciou-se o tratamento com amoxicilina+clavulanato de potássio, cetoprofeno, escopolamina,morfina e dipirona, apresentando melhora significativa quando reavaliado dois dias após o inicio dotratamento. A identificação do urólito é importante para determinação do tratamento a ser instituído. Acomposição pode ser predita pela análise dos achados clínicos. Não há protocolo de dissolução de urólitode oxalato de cálcio, e a remoção cirúrgica apresenta elevado risco de dano renal. No presente relato foiinstituído o tratamento clínico, que mostrou ser eficiente na resolução dos sinais clínicos do paciente até opresente momento.

Urolithiasis is an important disease that aflects dogs and cats, and uroliths can form anywhere in the urinary system. When present in the kidneys, the animais are asymptomatic, however attacks of renal colic may occur. A canine, a five-year-old mal e with a history of apathy for two days, was attended at the UFMS Veterinary Hospital. Physical examination showed intense abdominal palpation and anti-allergic position. Ultrasound examination showed hyperechogenic structures located in both kidneys, and radiopaque structures compatible with renal calculi were observed in the radiographic examination. Urinalysis revealed acidic pH, but crystals were not observed. Based on the clinical findings, the presumptive diagnosis of nephrolithiasis by calcium oxalate was performed. Treatment with amoxicillin + clavulanate potassium, ketoprofen, scopolamine, morphine and dipyrone, showing a significant improvement when reassessed two days after starting treatment. The identification of urolith is important in determining the treatment to be instituted. The composition can be predicted by the analysis of the clinical findings. There is no protocol for the dissolution of calcium oxalate urolith, and surgical removal presents a high risk of renal damage. In the present report clinical treatment was instituted , which proved to be eflicient in solving the patient's clinical signs up to the present moment.

La urolitiasis consiste en una importante enfermedad que afecta a perros y gatos, pudiendo los urólitos formarse en cualquier parte del sistema urinario. Cuando se presenta en los rinones, los animales son asintomáticos, sin embargo, las crisis de cólico renal pueden ocurrir. Fue atendido en el Hospital Veterinario de la UFMS un canino, macho de cinco anos con historial de apatíahace dos días. En el examen físico se verificó dolor intenso a palpación abdominal y posición anti-álgica. El examen ultrasonográfico reveló estructuras hiperecogénicas localizadas en ambos ríriones, siendo en el examen radiográfico observado estructuras radiopacas compatibles con cálculos renales. El urinálisis reveló pH ácido, pero los cristales no se observaron. En base aios hallazgos clínicos se realizó el diagnóstico presuntivo de nefrolitiasis por oxalato de calcio. Se inició el tratamiento con amoxicilina + clavulanato de potasio, cetoprofeno, escopolamina, morfina y dipirona, presentando una mejora significativa cuando se revalorizó dos días después del inicio del tratamiento. La identificación dei urólito es importante para determinar el tratamiento que se va a instituir. La composición puede ser predicada por el análisis de los hallazgos clínicos. No hay protocolo de disolución de urólito de oxalato de calcio, y la remoción quirúrgica presenta un alto riesgo de dano renal. En el presente relato se instituyó el tratamiento clínico, que mostró ser eficiente en la resolución de los signos clínicos del paciente hasta el presente momento.

Urolitíase renal bilateral em cão: relato de caso / Bilateral renal urolithiasis in a dog - case report / Urolitíasis renal bilateral en perros - relato de caso

A urolitíase consiste em uma importante doença que acomete cães e gatos, podendo os urólitosse formarem em qualquer parte do sistema urinário. Quando presente nos rins, os animais sãoassintomáticos, entretanto crises de cólica renal podem ocorrer. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário daUFMS um canino, macho de cinco anos com histórico de apatia há dois dias. No exame físico foi verificadodor intensa a palpação abdominal e posição anti-álgica. O exame ultrassonográfico revelou estruturashiperecogênicas localizadas em ambos os rins, sendo no exame radiográfico observado estruturasradiopacas compatíveis com cálculos renais. A urinálise revelou pH ácido, mas cristais não foramobservados. Baseado nos achados clínicos foi realizado o diagnóstico presuntivo de nefrolitíase por oxalatode cálcio. Iniciou-se o tratamento com amoxicilina+clavulanato de potássio, cetoprofeno, escopolamina,morfina e dipirona, apresentando melhora significativa quando reavaliado dois dias após o inicio dotratamento. A identificação do urólito é importante para determinação do tratamento a ser instituído. Acomposição pode ser predita pela análise dos achados clínicos. Não há protocolo de dissolução de urólitode oxalato de cálcio, e a remoção cirúrgica apresenta elevado risco de dano renal. No presente relato foiinstituído o tratamento clínico, que mostrou ser eficiente na resolução dos sinais clínicos do paciente até opresente momento.(AU)

Urolithiasis is an important disease that aflects dogs and cats, and uroliths can form anywhere in the urinary system. When present in the kidneys, the animais are asymptomatic, however attacks of renal colic may occur. A canine, a five-year-old mal e with a history of apathy for two days, was attended at the UFMS Veterinary Hospital. Physical examination showed intense abdominal palpation and anti-allergic position. Ultrasound examination showed hyperechogenic structures located in both kidneys, and radiopaque structures compatible with renal calculi were observed in the radiographic examination. Urinalysis revealed acidic pH, but crystals were not observed. Based on the clinical findings, the presumptive diagnosis of nephrolithiasis by calcium oxalate was performed. Treatment with amoxicillin + clavulanate potassium, ketoprofen, scopolamine, morphine and dipyrone, showing a significant improvement when reassessed two days after starting treatment. The identification of urolith is important in determining the treatment to be instituted. The composition can be predicted by the analysis of the clinical findings. There is no protocol for the dissolution of calcium oxalate urolith, and surgical removal presents a high risk of renal damage. In the present report clinical treatment was instituted , which proved to be eflicient in solving the patient's clinical signs up to the present moment.(AU)

La urolitiasis consiste en una importante enfermedad que afecta a perros y gatos, pudiendo los urólitos formarse en cualquier parte del sistema urinario. Cuando se presenta en los rinones, los animales son asintomáticos, sin embargo, las crisis de cólico renal pueden ocurrir. Fue atendido en el Hospital Veterinario de la UFMS un canino, macho de cinco anos con historial de apatíahace dos días. En el examen físico se verificó dolor intenso a palpación abdominal y posición anti-álgica. El examen ultrasonográfico reveló estructuras hiperecogénicas localizadas en ambos ríriones, siendo en el examen radiográfico observado estructuras radiopacas compatibles con cálculos renales. El urinálisis reveló pH ácido, pero los cristales no se observaron. En base aios hallazgos clínicos se realizó el diagnóstico presuntivo de nefrolitiasis por oxalato de calcio. Se inició el tratamiento con amoxicilina + clavulanato de potasio, cetoprofeno, escopolamina, morfina y dipirona, presentando una mejora significativa cuando se revalorizó dos días después del inicio del tratamiento. La identificación dei urólito es importante para determinar el tratamiento que se va a instituir. La composición puede ser predicada por el análisis de los hallazgos clínicos. No hay protocolo de disolución de urólito de oxalato de calcio, y la remoción quirúrgica presenta un alto riesgo de dano renal. En el presente relato se instituyó el tratamiento clínico, que mostró ser eficiente en la resolución de los signos clínicos del paciente hasta el presente momento.(AU)

Megaesôfago adquirido idiopático em cão: relato de caso / Acquired idiopathic megaesophagus in dog: case report / Megaesófago adquirido idiopático en perro: relato de caso

O megaesôfago é a principal causa de regurgitação crônica em cães. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da UFMS um canino de seis anos com regurgitação e emagrecimento progressivo há 60 dias. Esofagograma confirmou a suspeita de megaesôfago. Iniciou-se tratamento clínico e manejo alimentar, o que melhorou o estado geral do animal. Trinta dias após o diagnóstico o animal retornou apresentando broncopneumonia. O animal foi encaminhado para unidade de terapia intensiva, mas veio a óbito. Diversas etiologias estão relacionadas ao megaesôfago, sendo classificado como congênito ou adquirido, porém quando a causa não é determinada, considera-se a forma idiopática da doença.O prognóstico é reservado a ruim, sendo a pneumonia por aspiração a principal complicação causada por esse distúrbio.

Megaesophagus is the main cause of chronic regurgitation in dogs. It was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of UFMS a 6-years old canine with regurgitation and progressive weight loss for 60 days. Esophagogram confirmed the suspicion of megaesophagus. Clinical treatment and food management were initiated, which improved the general state of the animal. Thirty days after the diagnosis the animal returned with bronchopneumonia. The animal was referred to the intensive care unit, but died. Several etiologies are related to the megaesophagus being classified as congenital or acquired,but when the cause is not determined, it is considered the idiopathic form of the disease. The prognosis is restricted to poor, and aspiration pneumonia is the main complication caused by this disorder.

El megaesófago es la principal causa de regurgitación crónica en perros. En el Hospital Veterinario de la UFMS se le atendió un canino de 6 años con regurgitación y adelgazamiento progresivo desde hace 60 días. El esofagograma confirmó la sospechosa de megaesófago. Se inició tratamiento clínico y manejo alimentario, lo que mejoró el estado general del animal. Treinta días después del diagnóstico el animal regresó presentando bronconeumonía. El animal fue encaminado a una unidad de terapia intensiva, pero vino a la muerte. Diversas etiologías están relacionadas con el megaesófago siendo clasificado como congénito o adquirido, pero cuando la causa no es determinada, se considera la forma idiopática de la enfermedad. El pronóstico es reservado a malo, siendo la neumonía por aspiración la principal complicación causada por ese trastorno.

Megaesôfago adquirido idiopático em cão: relato de caso / Acquired idiopathic megaesophagus in dog: case report / Megaesófago adquirido idiopático en perro: relato de caso

O megaesôfago é a principal causa de regurgitação crônica em cães. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da UFMS um canino de seis anos com regurgitação e emagrecimento progressivo há 60 dias. Esofagograma confirmou a suspeita de megaesôfago. Iniciou-se tratamento clínico e manejo alimentar, o que melhorou o estado geral do animal. Trinta dias após o diagnóstico o animal retornou apresentando broncopneumonia. O animal foi encaminhado para unidade de terapia intensiva, mas veio a óbito. Diversas etiologias estão relacionadas ao megaesôfago, sendo classificado como congênito ou adquirido, porém quando a causa não é determinada, considera-se a forma idiopática da doença.O prognóstico é reservado a ruim, sendo a pneumonia por aspiração a principal complicação causada por esse distúrbio.(AU)

Megaesophagus is the main cause of chronic regurgitation in dogs. It was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of UFMS a 6-years old canine with regurgitation and progressive weight loss for 60 days. Esophagogram confirmed the suspicion of megaesophagus. Clinical treatment and food management were initiated, which improved the general state of the animal. Thirty days after the diagnosis the animal returned with bronchopneumonia. The animal was referred to the intensive care unit, but died. Several etiologies are related to the megaesophagus being classified as congenital or acquired,but when the cause is not determined, it is considered the idiopathic form of the disease. The prognosis is restricted to poor, and aspiration pneumonia is the main complication caused by this disorder.(AU)

El megaesófago es la principal causa de regurgitación crónica en perros. En el Hospital Veterinario de la UFMS se le atendió un canino de 6 años con regurgitación y adelgazamiento progresivo desde hace 60 días. El esofagograma confirmó la sospechosa de megaesófago. Se inició tratamiento clínico y manejo alimentario, lo que mejoró el estado general del animal. Treinta días después del diagnóstico el animal regresó presentando bronconeumonía. El animal fue encaminado a una unidad de terapia intensiva, pero vino a la muerte. Diversas etiologías están relacionadas con el megaesófago siendo clasificado como congénito o adquirido, pero cuando la causa no es determinada, se considera la forma idiopática de la enfermedad. El pronóstico es reservado a malo, siendo la neumonía por aspiración la principal complicación causada por ese trastorno.(AU)

Testicular Histomorphometric Evaluation of Zebu Bull Breeds

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantitative histology and testicular biometrics in zebu bulls of different breeds. Testicular fragments of Nelore (n=10), Polled Nelore (n=6), Gir (n=5), Guzerat (n=5) and Tabapuã bulls (n=5) were used. The fragments were perfusion-fixed in Karnovsky solution, embedded in glycol methacrylate and stained with toluidine blue-1% sodium borate. The Nelore animals had a higher tubular volumetric proportion (85.2%) and greater height of the seminiferous epithelium (73.2 µm) than the Gir, Guzerat and Tabapuã breeds. The Nelore animals also had a higher volumetric proportion of Leydig cells (5.2%) than the Guzerat and Tabapuã breeds. There was no significant difference for any of these parameters between the Nelore and Polled Nelore breeds. The gonadosomatic index, seminiferous tubule diameter, cross-sectional area of the seminiferous tubule and tubule length (total length and length per gram of testicular parenchyma) did not vary among the breeds studied. The morphometric parameters evaluated suggested that the genetic selection applied to the Nelore and Polled Nelore breeds improved the efficiency of spermatogenesis in these breeders.