Primary axillary hydatid cyst.

Echinococcosis (hydatid disease) is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (or Taenia echinococcus). The adult form of the parasite lives in the gut of the dog, while the intermediate hosts, where the tapeworm develops to larval stage are cats, cattle, pigs and humans(considered to be accidental intermediate hosts). The parasite has a worldwide distribution, but the endemic areas are Canada and Alaska, Australia, New Zealand, South America and the Mediterranean region. Hydatid cyst can grow many years before the symptoms and clinical signs appear. The liver and the lungs are the most affected organs, but primary location of the hydatid disease in the axilla is extremely rare. In our country we did not find any records of axillary hydatid disease, while the literature contains only 12 cases of axillary location. We present the case of a woman, 60 years old, with a primary axillary location of hydatid cyst, who underwent a total cystectomy.

Histopathological factors as predictors for survival in colon and rectal cancers.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent malignant diseases with a raising incidence in Romania. Survival at 5-years even was improved in the last decade, remains low especially because of delayed diagnosis. Many clinical-biological and pathological factors have demonstrate a good prognostic value over the time but there are not a wide consensus in this field. The aim of our study is to evaluate the accepted pathological prognostic factors of survival for colorectal cancer in relation to management adopted in a general surgical clinic. We included in our study 273 patients with colon and rectal cancers admitted in Surgical Clinic of Military Hospital of Craiova in which we evaluate the clinical-pathological features, location of the distant metastasis, postoperative staging, curability and survival. We established correlations, inside of a same stage of the disease, for pathological features (characters of the tumors, differentiation grade and location) and survival rate. Our results showed that curative resection is one of the most important factors that could improve survival. Tumor differentiation is correlated with survival only for the patients with stage II and III of the disease, perineural invasion and pathologic N stage representing important predicting factors for a shorter survival. Peritoneal washing for cytology prior to surgery is correlated with the stage of the disease and not with tumor differentiation.

[Pressure stress in glaucoma--assessment through classical techniques and computational modelling]. / Stresul presional in glaucom--explorare prin tehnici clasice si modelare computationala.

UNLABELLED: Even if glaucoma remains a major eye illness with unknown etiology, the importance of vascular factors associated with mechanical factors contributing to the pathogenesis and development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy has been emphasized. the objective of the study consists in elaboration of a biomechanical model of the human eye correlated with clinical and ultrasonography evaluations aiming to early identification of changes induced by pressure stress in open angle glaucoma (OAG) at retrobulbar arteries and optic nerve head level. METHOD AND MATERIAL: The present study included a lot formed by 97 patients without glaucoma, aged 20-75 years (lot 1) and a lot formed by 71 patients with open angle glaucoma, aged 45-80 years (lot 2). We used usual methods in ophthalmological examinations and diagnosis (bottom ocular fundus examinations eye examinations, visual - field examinations, measurements of PIO), ultrasonography methods (CDI, pulsed Doppler, spectral Doppler and power-angio), computational modelling methods for ocular structures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In open angle glaucoma color Doppler imaging shows changes in retrobulbar hemodynamic for most of the studied cases, ultrasonography techniques being considered as an important tool for the diagnosis and progression control in glaucomatous damage. Limitations of ultrasonography techniques consist of early identification of these alterations and can be improved by the elaboration of a biomechanical model of the human eye that will permit an abstraction and generalisation of the hemodynamic aspects with the aim of simulation of changes induced by high intraocular pressure on retrobulbar arteries level, the possibility of viewing these changes in their dynamics (on lower pressure values than 30 mmHg).

[Heredity in myopia]. / Ereditatea în miopie.

The authors recall various theories that try to explain the appearance and the evolution of the short-sightedness. It is noticed the fact that none of these theories can include all the cases, but heredity proves a variable percentage. The examination of 200 cases of short-sightedness shows for 120 cases an hereditary factor. The transmission of it was dominant with variable penetration. Concerning the short-sightedness as a disease or malign one, the authors talk about a genetic condemnation of the sclera.

[Congenital craniofacial malformation]. / Malformatie congenitala cranio-faciala.

The authors report a classification of the congenital malformations of the neuro- and visceral cranium, showing that they are generated by chromosomal aberrations. The meningoencephaloceles with oculo-orbital manifestations are numerous and have to be differentiated from other cystic formations. The radiologic examination, in the most incidences is very important in their diagnosis. These pseudotumours can be treated only surgically in the neurosurgery departments. This treatment might be an emergency or not, as a function of their site and the state of the mucosae on the tegumenta covering them.