Niveles de linfocitos T en pacientes portadores crónicos del virus de la hepatitis viral B en una zona hiperendémica del Perú / Levels of lymphocytes T in chronic carrying patients of the virus of viral hepatitis B in an hyperendemic zone of Peru

Objetivos: Determinar los niveles de linfocitos CD3, CD4, CD8 y coeficiente CD4/CD8 en portadores del virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) de una zona hiperendémica del Perú (Huanta, departamento Ayacucho). Materiales y métodos: Estudio comparativo que incluyó tres grupos, pareados en función a la edad (≤20 - >20 años) y sexo, a una razón aproximadamente de 1:1. Se incluyeron 114 personas, en los siguientes grupos: 30 portadores crónicos (casos), 44 pacientes con antecedente de infección (no portador o control) y 40 individuos sin contacto previo con el VHB (sanos). De cada individuo, previo consentimiento informado, se obtuvieron dos muestras de sangre en un lapso de 30 a 45 días con la finalidad de caracterizar los grupos y realizar las pruebas de interés. Estas pruebas fueron: ELISA para HBsAg, anticore para anti HBc IgM y anti HBc IgG, y la técnica de diferenciación celular por citometría deflujo para la valoración de subpoblaciones de linfocitos T CD3+, CD4+ y CD8+. Resultados: Se encontró valoresdisminuidos del número de linfocitos T CD4/mm3 en los portadores crónicos de HBsAg (casos), respecto a los otros grupos (p = 0,017); en tanto que para los valores de linfocitos T CD3, T CD8 y coeficiente CD4/CD8 no se encontraron diferencias entre grupos. Asimismo, mediante ANOVA se halló diferencias entre los grupos de edad (mayor y menor de 20 años) de los casos (p = 0,033), característica no observada en los otros grupos. Conclusiones: Se evidenció niveles menores de linfocitos T CD4/mm3 en los portadores crónicos del VHB relación a los otros grupos. Se sugiere realizar mayores estudios de inmunidad celular en la infección del VHB, buscando evaluar poblaciones celulares específicas que puedan emplearse como posibles marcadores de la evolución de la enfermedad

Objectives: To determine CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocyte counts, as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio in chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in an hyperendemic area in Peru (Huanta Province, Ayacucho Department). Materials and methods: This is a comparative study comprising three groups, matched with respect to age (¡Ü20 years old or >20 years old), in an approximate 1:1 ratio. 114 persons were included, who were divided in the following groups: 30 chronic carriers (cases), 44 patients with history of infection (non-carriers or controls), and 40 individuals with no previous contact with HBV (healthy persons). After obtaining an informed consent, two blood samples in a 30- to 45-day period were obtained from each participant, in order to characterize groups and to perform the appropriate studies. Tests performed included: ELISA for HBsAg, anticore for anti-HBc IgM and anti HBc IgG, and cell differentiation technique using flow cytometry for measuring T-lymphocyte subpopulations, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+. Results: Reduced CD4+ lymphocyte counts per cubic milimeter were found in HBsAG chronic carriers (cases), compared to other groups (p= 0.017); while for CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, as well as for CD4+/CD8+ ratio there were no differences between groups. Also, using analysis of variance (ANOVA), differences were found between the two age groups assessed (p= 0,033), but such differences were not found in the other groups. Conclusions: Lower levels of CD4+ lymphocytes/mm 3 in HBV chronic carriers were found, compared to other groups. It is suggested to perform additional studies on cell-mediated immunity in HBV infection, looking to assess specific cell populations that may be used as potential markers of the outcome of the disease.

Aspects pratiques de la pathologie kystique et tumorale des maxillaires

Les auteurs presentent les differentes lesions kystiques et tumorales odontogenes sous forme d'une classification fondee sur leur histogenese et sur l'embryogenese des tissus dentaires. Les principaux caracteres radiologiques et anatomo-pathologiques etant definis de maniere nette et aisement memorisable; l'accent est mis sur la therapeutique et le pronostic; sachant que la premiere dicte le second et ne souffre pas d'errement. A cet egard; le probleme principal etant l'ameloblasme; les auteurs decrivent 7 observations d'une lesion gingivale originale; qui en permet aisement le diagnostic

Melanin in a dentigerous cyst and associated adenomatoid odontogenic tumor.

The authors report on a case of dentigerous cyst associated with odontogenic adenomatoid tumor in an 8-year-old black Nigerian boy. Both the cyst and the tumor contained melanocytes and melanin-laden epithelial cells. To their knowledge this is the first reported case of melanotic follicular cyst and adenomatoid tumor. A review of the literature revealed that melanin is rarely found in odontogenic lesions. Since the neural crest influence on the development of odontogenic tissues is well established, the occurrence of melanocytes in these tissues is not surprising. A racial predisposition may be present; black patients predominated in the 15 reported cases of melanotic odontogenic lesions.