Estudio de prevalencia de la deficiencia de yodo en una población escolarizada de 6 años / Prevalence study of iodine deficiency in a 6-year-old school population

Introducción: El yodo es un oligoelemento cuyo déficit provoca diferentes complicaciones agrupadas bajo el nombre de trastornos por déficit de yodo. La ingesta de alimentos ricos en yodo es la única vía de administración del mismo. Se considera déficit leve de yodo una yoduria inferior a 100μg/l; aumentando la posibilidad de trastornos por déficit de yodo. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de déficit de yodo en los niños de 6 años de la provincia de Lleida. Métodos: Estudio trasversal de selección aleatoria, en niños escolarizados en la provincia de Lleida. Tras la aceptación, se cumplimentó un cuestionario y se realizó un análisis de orina para determinar el nivel de yodo. Resultados: Inclusión de 328 niños (5 sin muestra de orina), 46,8% varones, 54,27% en escuelas públicas, 17,2% inmigrantes y 40,95% utilizaba el comedor escolar. El 62,42% comía pescado 2 o más veces a la semana, sal yodada el 60,98% y el 90,65% leche diariamente. La yoduria media se situó en 234,4μg/l (DT=133,7). El déficit de yodo fue establecido al 9,29% (6,12–12,45%) de la muestra, relacionándose significativamente con el tipo de centro (concertado o público), origen del niño, sal yodada, consumo de pescado y leche. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de déficit leve de yodo en Lleida es inferior a la de estudios parecidos anteriores, mostrando unos buenos parámetros nutricionales. El déficit de yodo es superior en niños inmigrantes, aunque se presentan modificaciones nutricionales que pueden establecer mejoras superiores a la de la población autóctona (AU)

Introduction: Iodine is a dietary element, a deficiency of which leads to complications grouped with the name Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD). The intake of foods rich in iodine is the only route of iodine administration. Iodine is considered to deficient when its concentration is less than 100μg/L in urine, thus increasing the possibility of IDD. Aim: To determine the prevalence of iodine deficiency in 6-year-old school children in the region of Lleida. Methods: A randomised cross-sectional study of 6-year-old school children in the area of Lleida was selected. After the acceptance, a questionnaire had to be filled in and a urine sample was collected to determine the urinary iodine. Results: A total of 328 subjects were included (5 without urine sample), 46.8% boys, 54.27% in public schools, 17.2% immigrants and 40.95% had lunch at school. The majority (62.42%) ate fish twice or more a week, 60.98% used iodised salt and 90.65% drank milk daily. The iodine mean was 234.4μg/l (SD=133.7). Only 9.29% (6.12–12.45%) had iodine deficiency which was associated to the type of school the children attended (private or public), immigrant origin, iodised salt, fish and milk nutrition. Conclusions: The prevalence of iodine deficiency in Lleida is lower than in previous publications, shown by the good nutrition parameters. The shortage of iodine is higher in immigrant boys, although better nutrition measures could be taken to improve their situation (AU)

[Prevalence study of iodine deficiency in a 6-year-old school population]. / Estudio de prevalencia de la deficiencia de yodo en una población escolarizada de 6 años.

INTRODUCTION: Iodine is a dietary element, a deficiency of which leads to complications grouped with the name Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD). The intake of foods rich in iodine is the only route of iodine administration. Iodine is considered to deficient when its concentration is less than 100 microg/L in urine, thus increasing the possibility of IDD. AIM: To determine the prevalence of iodine deficiency in 6-year-old school children in the region of Lleida. METHODS: A randomised cross-sectional study of 6-year-old school children in the area of Lleida was selected. After the acceptance, a questionnaire had to be filled in and a urine sample was collected to determine the urinary iodine. RESULTS: A total of 328 subjects were included (5 without urine sample), 46.8% boys, 54.27% in public schools, 17.2% immigrants and 40.95% had lunch at school. The majority (62.42%) ate fish twice or more a week, 60.98% used iodised salt and 90.65% drank milk daily. The iodine mean was 234.4 microg/l (SD=133.7). Only 9.29% (6.12-12.45%) had iodine deficiency which was associated to the type of school the children attended (private or public), immigrant origin, iodised salt, fish and milk nutrition. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of iodine deficiency in Lleida is lower than in previous publications, shown by the good nutrition parameters. The shortage of iodine is higher in immigrant boys, although better nutrition measures could be taken to improve their situation.