Light antiproton one-electron quasi-molecular ions within the relativistic A-DKB method.

In the present work, two quasi-molecular compounds each involving one antiproton and one electron (p̄), He+-p̄ and H-p̄, are investigated. Using completely relativistic calculations within the finite-basis method adapted to systems with axial symmetry, the adiabatic potential curves are constructed by numerically solving the two-center Dirac equation. The binding energies of electron are obtained as a function of the inter-nuclear distance and compared with the corresponding nonrelativistic values and relativistic leading-order corrections calculated in the framework of other approaches. A semantic analysis of antiproton quasi-molecular ions with compounds containing a proton (p) instead of an antiproton is given. The advantages of the A-DKB method are demonstrated.

[Complex surgical treatment of patients with necrotic soft tissue infections]. / Kompleksnoe khirurgicheskoe lechenie patsientov s nekroticheskimi infektsiyami myagkikh tkanei.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an optimal algorithm for complex treatment of patients with necrotic soft tissue infections (NSTI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 114 patients with NSTI who were treated between 2016 and 2021. We analyzed treatment outcomes in 2 groups: retrospective (n=43) with traditional approaches to purulent surgery (drainage of necrotic foci, local therapy with iodophores and water-soluble ointments, antibacterial and detoxification therapy, delayed skin grafting) and prospective (n=71) with active surgical treatment and modern algorithm based on a differentiated approach and high-tech methods (vacuum therapy, hydrosurgical treatment of wounds, early skin grafting and extracorporeal hemocorrection). RESULTS: The main group was characterized by shorter phase I of the wound process by 7.1±2.1 days, earlier relief of symptoms of systemic inflammatory response by 4.2±1.4 days, shorter hospital-stay by 7.7±2.2 days and lower mortality by 15%. CONCLUSION: Early surgery and integrated approach including active surgical strategy, early skin grafting and intensive care with extracorporeal detoxification are necessary to improve the outcomes in patients with NSTI. These measures are effective to eliminate purulent-necrotic process, reduce mortality and hospital-stay.

[External ear canal parameters and endoscopic otosurgery in children]. / Parametry naruzhnogo slukhovogo prokhoda u detei v aspekte endootokhirurgii.

INTRODUCTION: Main difficulties of endoscopic ear surgery in children could be connected with width of external ear canal (EEC) and endoscope diameter discrepancy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate EEC parameters in children, to determine cross section and to develop the recommendations whenever possible of endootosurgery performance in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Research included two stages. First - average values determination of narrowest site EEC in children according to computer tomograms. Second - determination of age of the patient and the amount of acoustical pass at which there are specifications for performance of interventions endoscopic. RESULTS: EEC square: 1-3 years - 12.6±1.91 mm2, diameter is 4.01±0.59 mm; 4-7 years - 16.8±1.34 mm2, diameter is 5.34±0.43 mm; 8-11 years - 21.7±1.38 mm2, diameter is 6.9±0.45 mm; 12-18 years - 31.3±4.27 mm2, diameter is 9.96±1.4 mm. The difference between parameters at each of age groups was statistically reliable. Comfortable work endoscopically is possible with EEC square 20.4±3.19 mm2 and more. This corresponds to average value of EEC in 8-18 years. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic ear surgery is inexpedient in children up to 4 years. It is necessary to expect that intervention will be exigeant and transition to the microscopic equipment is required in case of 4-7 years old patients. Endoscopic ear surgery can be used with success to performance of various manipulations and surgical interventions on a middle ear in patients 8-18 years old.

Methane hydrate emergence from Lake Baikal: direct observations, modelling, and hydrate footprints in seasonal ice cover.

This paper provides a novel report of methane hydrates rising from bottom sediments to the surface of Lake Baikal, validated by photo and video records. The ascent of hydrates in the water column was confirmed by hydroacoustic data showing rising objects with velocities significantly exceeding the typical speeds (18-25 cm s-1) of gas bubbles. Mathematical modelling along with velocity and depth estimates of the presumed methane hydrates coincided with values observed from echograms. Modelling results also showed that a methane hydrate fragment with initial radius of 2.5 cm or greater could reach the surface of Lake Baikal given summer water column temperature conditions. Results further show that while methane bubbles released from the deep sedimentary reservoir would dissolve in the Lake Baikal water column, transport in hydrate form is not only viable but may represent a previously overlooked source of surface methane with subsequent emissions to the atmosphere. Methane hydrates captured within the ice cover may also cause the formation of unique ice structures and morphologies observed around Lake Baikal. Sampling of these ice structures detected methane content that exceeded concentrations measured in surrounding ice and from the atmosphere demonstrating a link with the methane transport processes described here.

[The effect of combination of glycyrrhizic acid with alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan on the experimental adenoviral infection].

In this work, the activity of glycyrrhizic acid (GL) and dipeptide alpha-glutamyl-tryptophane (EW) as single preparations or in combination (GL+EW) against experimental adenoviral infection in the syrian hamsters was studied. Application of gl and GL+EW was shown to decrease the level of the adenovirus replication in liver tissue by 0.6 - 1.2 lgTCID50 depending on the composition and time point of the post infection. It was also demonstrated that normalization of the structure of the liver tissue was required, which was shown on the level of both optical and electron microscopy. The results obtained in this work suggest that gl and GL+EW may be considered as potential component of the complex therapy of adenoviral infection.

[DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF DISRUPTION OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE LIVER AND THE SEVERITY OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN CHILDREN].

AIM: To develop a system to define the degree of liver disruption and severity of portal hypertension in children based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Studied the results of laboratory and instrumental methods 382 children: 267 patients with various liver diseases, including 49 patients who underwent liver transplantation, and 115 children without liver disease. RESULTS: Based on analysis of statistical data obtained were identified 10 indicators, a set of changes which can be used to assess the degree of disruption of the structure of the liver and the severity of portal hypertension: indicators that reflect the severity of fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver (METAVIR score on a scale at fibroelastometrii, scores are Desmet at morphological study of the liver) and indicators that reflect the severity of portal hypertension (the diameter of the portal vein, splenic vein diameter, the length of the spleen, recanalization of the umbilical vein, esophageal varices, ascites, hydropericardium, hydrothorax). Each of the indicators was assessed on a 5-point system. Number of points reflects the sum of the changes of these parameters. Decrease the number of points on 0-4% (38-40 points) is regarded as a lack of structural failure of the liver and the severity of portal hypertension by 5-24% (30-37 points)--minor violations on 25-49% (20-29 points) -moderation disorders, 50-95% (3-12 points)--severe handicaps, 96-100% (0-2 points)--absolute violation. Studied the dynamics of children with autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson's disease and chronic hepatitis C. CONCLUSION: The proposed scoring system for assessing the degree of disruption of the structure of the liver and the severity of portal hypertension can be used as an objective criterion of the severity of the pathological process, to estimate the dynamics of defeat against the background of the therapy, determining the prognosis of the disease and as a criterion of the indications for liver transplantation.

[Assessment of motor and sensory pathways of the brain using diffusion-tensor tractography in children with cerebral palsy].

BACKGROUND: Diffusion tensor tractography--a new method of magnetic resonance imaging, that allows to visualize the pathways of the brain and to study their structural-functional state. OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the changes in motor and sensory pathways of brain in children with cerebral palsy using routine magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-tensor tractography. METHODS: The main group consisted of 26 patients with various forms of cerebral palsy and the comparison group was 25 people with normal psychomotor development (aged 2 to 6 years) and MR-picture of the brain. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on the scanner with the induction of a magnetic field of 1,5 Tesla. Coefficients of fractional anisotropy and average diffusion coefficient estimated in regions of the brain containing the motor and sensory pathways: precentral gyrus, posterior limb of the internal capsule, thalamus, posterior thalamic radiation and corpus callosum. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) values of fractional anisotropy and average diffusion coefficient in patients with cerebral palsy in relation to the comparison group. All investigated regions, the coefficients of fractional anisotropy in children with cerebral palsy were significantly lower, and the average diffusion coefficient, respectively, higher. CONCLUSION: These changes indicate a lower degree of ordering of the white matter tracts associated with damage and subsequent development of gliosis of varying severity in children with cerebral palsy. It is shown that microstructural damage localized in both motor and sensory tracts that plays a leading role in the development of the clinical picture of cerebral palsy.

Membrane Anchoring and Intervesicle Transfer of a Derivative of the Antibiotic Moenomycin A.

The anchoring of moenomycin A (1) to the bacterial cell cytoplasmic membrane is essential for its biological activity. The first details of the strength of this interaction and the kinetics of the diffusion-mediated intervesicle transfer have been obtained by means of fluorescence spectroscopic methods using a coumarin-labeled moenomycin A derivative.

Hydration of the dienic lipid dioctadecadienoylphosphatidylcholine in the lamellar phase--an infrared linear dichroism and x-ray study on headgroup orientation, water ordering, and bilayer dimensions.

In the phospholipid 1,2-bis(2,4-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (DODPC) in each of the fatty acid chains, a rigid diene group is inserted in a position near the polar/apolar boundary that is exceptionally sensitive for membrane stability. DODPC transforms upon gradual dehydration from the liquid-crystalline to a metastable gel state, which rearranges into two subgel phases at low and intermediate degrees of hydration. The molecular dimensions of the respective bilayers were determined by means of x-ray diffraction. Infrared linear dichroism of selected vibrations of the phosphate and trimethylammonium groups and of the nu13(OH) band of water adsorbed onto the lipid was used to study the molecular order in the polar part of the bilayers in macroscopically oriented samples. The dense packing of the tilted acyl chains in the subgel causes the in-plane orientation of the phosphatidylcholine headgroups with direct interactions between the phosphate and trimethylammonium groups, and a strong orientation of adsorbed water molecules. In the more disordered gel, the thickness of the polar part of the bilayer increases and the lateral interactions between the lipid headgroups weaken. The higher order in the headgroup region of the subgels correlates with shorter decay lengths of the repulsive forces acting between opposite membrane surfaces. This result can be understood if the work to dehydrate the lipid is determined to a certain degree by the work to break up the lipid-water interactions without compensation by adequate lipid-lipid contacts. Almost similar area compressibility moduli are found in the liquid-crystalline and solid phases. Obviously, the lipid avoids lateral stress by the structural rearrangement.

[Morpho-biochemical study of catecholamine metabolism in the myocardium of dogs with fibrillation and autolysis]. / Morfobiokhimicheskoe issledovanie obmena katekholaminov v miokarde sobak pri fibrilliatsii i autolize.

The balance of catecholamines (CA) and their metabolites in the canine heart during myocardial fibrillation and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 hours after death was studied. The fibrillation was caused by low myocardial electrostimulation. The comparative neuro-morphometric analysis of the CA-containing structures in 1 and 5 min of the fibrillation and the determination of the norepinephrine, its precursors and metabolites by HPLC-ED method was done. There was an increase of the myocardial norepinephrine (20%), 3-4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (25%) and decrease of the dopamine (50%) contents without any qualitative changes of CA metabolism. Autolysis leads to the successive decrease of the norepinephrine and dopamine contents without any qualitative changes of the CA metabolism too. These data suggest that autopsies could be used for the determination of the myocardial CA content and the qualitative characteristics of the CA metabolism before death in those who died suddenly.

[Effect of the leucine enkephalin analog dalargin on the components of the sympathetico-adrenal system in experimental myocardial infarction]. / Vliianie analoga leitsin-énkefalina-dalargina-na sostoianie komponentov simpatiko-adrenalovoi sistemy pri eksperimental'- nom infarkte miokarda.

A histofluorescence study was made of catecholamine saturation of the adrenergic nervous plexuses of the intact zone of rabbit left ventricles and adrenal medullas on days 3 and 7 of experimental myocardial infarction induced by ligation of the anterior branch of the left coronary artery when dalargrin, a leucine-enkephalin analogue, was administered. Dalargin was shown to decrease catecholamine saturation of myocardial nervous plexuses and to reduce detection rates of mediator accumulation in the sympathetic axons of nervous fascicles. In addition, the agent caused a decrease in the hormone content in chromaffinocytes on day 3 of the experiment and contributed to recovery of their functional homogeneity.

[State of adrenergic innervation of intact sections of the myocardium and adrenal medulla in experimental myocardial infarction]. / Sostoianie adrenergicheskoi innervatsii intaktnykh otdelov miokarda i mozgovogo veshchestva nadpochechnikov pri éksperimental'nom infarkte miokarda.

A quantitative histofluorescence method has been employed in rabbits to evaluate adrenergic heart innervation and the adrenal glands after experimental myocardial infarction reproduced by ligation of the coronary artery (group 1). Group 2 rabbits were not subjected to interruption of the coronary blood flow. The adrenergic response was evaluated on postinfarctional days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30. Intact animals comprised a control group 3. It was found out that the heart adrenergic plexuses of the left ventricular posterior wall demonstrated elevated luminescence intensity without changing their density in groups 1 and 2. Local accumulation of catecholamines in sympathetic axon conductive parts of the neural trunks along the coronary vessels was registered in groups 1 and 2. The luminescence intensity of catecholamines in the adrenal glands increased on day 1, 3 and 14 in group 1 and day 1 in group 2 rabbits. These findings suggest the method to be unsuitable for assessing the response of the cardiac adrenergic nerve plexuses during 30 postinfarctional days being adequate for the study of the adrenal gland response 3 days after the operation. The authors hold that relevant disadvantages can be adjusted for by introduction of mercury into the coronary channel.

[Morphologic features of the endothelial lining of the blood vessels and endocardium]. / Morfologicheskie osobennosti éndotelial'noi vystilki krovenosnykh sosudov i éndokarda.

The endothelial lining (EL) of ventricular endocardium and coronary arteries of a dog, minipig and humans, as well as that of the abdominal aorta of a rat and superior vena cava (minipig) was studied using luminescent microscope in the reflected light after staining of the non-fixed tissue with thioflavine-T and argentation. Marked heterogeneity of the endotheliocytes was shown to be both specific and depending on the localization of the cells in the cardiovascular system. Comparative analysis of EL in different animal species and in man, as well as in different parts of the CVS, indicated the relationship between the cellular morphologic features and local hemodynamics.

[Rapid method of visualizing endothelium in unfixed tissue]. / Ekspress-metod vizualizatsii éndoteliia na nefiksirovannoi tkani.

An express method of visualization of endotheliocytes has been described. It is based on the combined use of vital dye-thioflavin and silver nitrate. The method requires no fixation, "häutchen" preparation and scanning electron microscopy. It is very simple, needs no special training or facilities and allows visualization of the endothelium already 2 min after the tissue is obtained.