Contaminação de cones de papel absorvente e cones de guta percha utilizados em endodontia: avaliação "in vitro" / Contamination of absorbent of paper points and gutta percha points used in endodontics: Assessment "in vitro"

The endodontic treatment has as goals to seek the disinfection of the root canal. For this, endodontic instruments and materials must be free from microorganisms, since that they may contribute to the installation and or persistence of apical periodontitis after closing the canal. Although paper points and gutta percha are produced under aseptic conditions, they may be contaminated by such factors as aerosol and or physical aspects during storage as well as for handling, even when carefully removed from their packaging. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of microbial contamination of three commercial brands being the absorbent paper cones considered sterile and gutta-percha cones in non-sterile packaging, as provided by the manufacturer, and after placement to clinical use. Methodology: 120 cones were evaluated, 60 of absorbent paper and 60 gutta percha, both of the brands Dentsply Maillefer® sistema Protaper universal (Ballaigues, Suisse), VDW GmbH® sistema Mtwo (Bayerwaldstr, Munich, Alemanha) and Meta Biomed® (Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Korea), divided into twelve groups (n = 10, each). For microbiological evaluation, these materials were subjected to testing for bacterial growth, as determined by the turbidity of the culture medium. Results: The results showed that none of the marks showed turbidity in sterilized and sealed packages, suggesting the absence of bacterial growth. However, after placement for clinical use, the gutta percha brand Meta Biomed® proved to be contaminated. Conclusion: It can be concluded that packaging as provided by the manufacturers for paper and gutta-percha cones showed no microbial contamination, being reliable, unlike to the opened packagings, justifying the use of a decontamination routine these cones prior to clinical use.

O tratamento endodôntico tem como objetivo promover a desinfecção do canal radicular. Para isso, instrumentos e materiais devem estar livres de microrganismos, visto que poderão contribuir para a instalação e/ou persistência de lesões perirradiculares após o fechamento do canal. Apesar dos cones de papel e de guta-percha serem produzidos em condições assépticas, eles podem ser contaminados por fatores como aerossóis e/ou aspectos físicos durante sua armazenagem, bem como pelo manuseio, mesmo quando removidos cuidadosamente de suas embalagens. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de contaminação microbiana de três marcas comerciais tanto de cones de papel absorvente consideradas estéreis, quanto de cones de guta-percha, em embalagens não estéreis, conforme disponibilizadas pelo fabricante, bem como após a colocação para uso clínico. Metodologia: Foram avaliados 120 cones, sendo 60 de papel absorvente e 60 de guta percha, ambos das marcas Dentsply Maillefer® sistema Protaper universal (Ballaigues, Suisse), VDW GmbH® sistema Mtwo (Bayerwaldstr, Munich, Alemanha) e Meta Biomed® (Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Korea), divididos em doze grupos (n=10, cada). Para avaliação microbiológica, esses materiais foram submetidos a testes para detecção do crescimento bacteriano, determinado através do turvamento do meio de cultura. Resultados: Os dados mostraram que nenhuma das marcas, conforme disponibilizadas pelo fabricante, apresentou turvamento nas embalagens estéreis ou não estéreis, sugerindo ausência de crescimento bacteriano. Já para as embalagens após colocação para uso clínico, os cones de guta percha da marca Meta Biomed® mostraram-se contaminados. Pode-se concluir que as embalagens conforme disponibilizadas pelos fabricantes, tanto para cones de papel quanto gutapercha, mostraram-se isentas de contaminação e, portanto, confiáveis, diferente das embalagens abertas e colocadas para uso clínico, justificando a utilização de uma rotina de descontaminação desses cones antes da sua utilização clínica.

In vitro evaluation of microbial contamination of orthodontic brackets as received from the manufacturer using microbiological and molecular tests.

OBJECTIVE: To test the null hypothesis that orthodontic brackets as supplied by manufacturers do not have microbial contamination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample comprised 140 brackets of four different commercially available brands, used directly from the manufacturer's packaging, divided into 14 groups (n  =  10 brackets each). Of the 140 pieces, 60 were full cases and 80 were replacement brackets. Materials were tested to detect bacterial growth, analyze types of bacteria present (biochemical test), and identify bacteria (molecular test with polymerase chain reaction [PCR]). RESULTS: In two of 12 groups the brackets showed microbial contamination: group 1, Morelli full case brackets, and group 12, Abzil-3M Unitek replacement brackets. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the bacteria identified in groups 1 and 12, respectively (suggested by the biochemical test and confirmed by PCR). CONCLUSIONS: Brackets of two brands (Morelli and Abzil-3M Unitek) were found to be contaminated by bacteria in the original packages supplied by the manufacturers, which suggests a risk for patient contamination. These data suggest that the manufacturers of these materials should improve the quality control of the packaging used, including sterilization, for the security of patient health.

O uso de saliva para diagnóstico de doenças orais e sistêmicas / Use of saliva for diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases

O valor desses métodos de secreção para o diagnóstico de doenças sistêmicas e orais tem sido objetivo de estudo de vários pesquisadores com o inteiro de aumentar seu uso em exames complementares. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado por meio de busca nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônicos: Cochrane Methodology Register, Cochrane Library, Medline, LILACS, Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Bireme, acessadas através da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde. Para tanto foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: Diagnóstico; Saliva; Técnicas e procedimentos de laboratório. Concluiu-se que, a saliva é um fluido corporal com importante participação em situações fisiológicas e patológicas do organismo humano. A vantagem de sua utilização em diagnósticos laboratoriais reside no fato da sua disponibilidade, coleta fácil, não invasiva, armazenamento simplificado e de baixo custo

The value of these methods secretion for the diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases has been the goal of many researchers to study the whole to increase their use of complementary tests. The bibliographic search was conducted by searching the following electronic databases : the Cochrane Methodology Register, the Cochrane Library , Medline ,LILACS ,Google Scholar , Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literature Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences (LILACS) and Bireme, accessed through the Virtual Library of Health for both the following keywords were used : Diagnostics, Saliva, Laboratory techniques and procedures . It was concluded that saliva is a body fluid with important participation in physiological and pathological conditions of the human body. The advantage of their use in laboratory diagnosis lies in the fact of its availability, easy collection, noninvasive, simplified storage and low cost