[Spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the vertebral column]. / Spiral'naia komp'iuternaia tomografiia v diagnostike vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii pozvonochnika.

A Somatom Plus 4 spiral computed tomograph was used to examine 40 patients with purulent spondylitis and 8 patients with tuberculous spondylitis. Analysis of the primary examination, postoperative status, and follow-up of patients on medical therapy identified the main signs of an inflammatory process from a great variety of the computed tomographic (CT) signs of a lesion. They made it possible not only to reveal the inflammatory nature of a lesion, but also to differentiate purulent and tuberculous spondylitis. The main CT signs that allow a purulent spondylitis to be differentiated from tuberculous one are as follows: the location of involved veterbrae, the number of and the pattern of destruction of trabecular and cortical layers, the extent of and the form of paravertebral tissue lesion.

[Role of spiral computed tomography in the assessment of the bone and soft tissue structures of the spine in the postoperative period of degenerative diseases and traumas]. / Rol' spiral'noi komp'iuternoi tomografii v otsenke kostnykh i miagkotkannykh struktur pozvonochnogo stolba v posleoperatsionnom periode pri degenerativnykh zabolevaniiakh i travmakh.

The spiral computed tomography (SCT) was used in examinations of 59 patients with symptoms of neurological disorders at the postoperative period after discectomy, and 82 casualties and 24 patients with degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the spine after correcting-stabilizing operations with plasty of the vertebra with autobone, biositall-XK. An examination of this category of patients and casualties in the nearest and remote terms after operation improves the potentials of SCT-diagnostics of recurrent hernias, epidural fibrosis, spondylites, central and lateral stenoses and allows control of osteoreparation and remodelling of the spine. The improved pathogenetical treatment in these cases shortens the period of disability and does not result in persistent invalidism of the patients.

[Computed tomographic angiography of the thoracic vessels: the method, initial experience and outlook for its use]. / Komp'iuterno-tomograficheskaia angiografiia sosudov grudi: metodika, pervyi opyt i perspektivy isol'zovaniia.

The paper presents the data available in the literature on computed tomographic angiography and the first experience with it to study thoracic vessels. It details the principles of spiral computed tomography and CT angiography. Practical aspects of their implementation, as well as basic concepts are outlined. It is concluded that CT angiography is promising in studying thoracic vessels in various abnormalities.

[The potentials of spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of lesions of the extracranial carotid arteries]. / Vozmozhnosi spiral'noi komp'iuternoi tomografii v diagnostike porazhenii ékstrakranial'nogo otdela sonnykh arterii.

The paper summarizes the results of examination of 30 individuals aged 27 to 66 years who had extracranial carotid lesions by using computed tomographic angiography (CTA), computed tomography, Doppler ultrasonography, power Doppler imaging, digital subtraction angiography. A procedure for CTA and analysis of data and for determination of the degree of stenosis has been developed. The potentialities of CTA in visualization of extracranial carotid diseases are shown.

[Computerized tomography diagnosis of lymphadenopathies in malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas]. / Komp'iuterno-tomograficheskaia diagnostika limfadenopatii pri zlokachestvennykh nekhodzhkinskikh limfomakh.

The potentialities of computer-aided tomography (CAT) in the diagnosis of lymphomas were studied. A total of 223 patients with disseminated lymphadenopathy were examined (78 with malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 48 with Hodgkin's disease, 54 with metastatic involvement of the lymph nodes, 18 with HIV infection, and 25 with reactive and inflammatory lymphadenopathy). CAT helped precisely assess the dissemination of the pathological process and disease stage in patients with malignant lymphomas, permitted follow up the time course of the disease, and facilitated differentiation of the condition from other diseases manifesting by disseminated lymphadenopathies.

[The potentials of current methods for the radiodiagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformations]. / Vozmozhnosti sovremennykh metodov luchevoi diagnostiki arteriovenoznykh mal'formatsii golovnogo mozga.

The potentialities of current Neuroimaging methods were established to allow one to make an early minimally invasive diagnosis of arteriovenous [correction of arterioventricular] malformations. The most promising method is a combined use of X-ray computer and magnetic resonance tomography with transcranial Doppler echography, which is in conformity with the unity principle of morphological and functional non-invasive diagnostic methods. At present, cerebral angiography should be used only in combination with preoperative examination of these patients.

[Computed tomography diagnosis of extranodal manifestations in malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. / Komp'iuternaia tomograficheskaia diagnostika ékstranodal'nykh proiavlenii zlokachestvennykh nekhodzhkinskikh limfom.

The data of computed tomography (CT) were used to study the semiotics of extranodal manifestations in 78 patients with varying malignancy non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The most common lesions were found in the viscera: liver, spleen, peritoneum, omentum, pancreas, adrenals, mesentery. The CT pattern of these lesions is diverse, each site has its own specific features. Combining the clinical manifestations and CT signs of lesions to individual organs, recording the extent of lymphadenopathy will aid in establishing the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A lesion detected in some organs located both above and below the diaphragm is a typical feature of high-grade malignancy.

[Clinico-pathogenetic variants of the piriform muscle syndrome]. / Kliniko-patogeneticheskie varianty sindroma grushevidnoi myshtsy.

The method of diagnosis of pathogenetic variations or musculus piriformis syndrome (MPS) by means of computer tomography is described. 24 patients with early signs of lumbar osteochondrosis and MPS were examined. Two variations of MPS with specific clinical and tomographic features were revealed, namely: an early spastic (functional) type and degenerative-dystrophic one. The peculiarities of muscles (diameter, location, density) and of adjacent pelvic structures were investigated in 15 healthy controls. Differentiated treatment of MPS permitted to control the pain and to promote other clinical signs regression faster than conventional therapy.

[Computerized tomography diagnosis of splenic and hepatic lesions in malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas]. / Kompiuternaia tomograficheskaia diagnostika porazhenii selezenki i pecheni pri zlokachestvennykh nekhodzhkinskikh limfomakh.

Seventy eight patients with varying malignancy non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were examined. Signs of extranodal damage of the spleen and liver were studied. Spleno- and hepatomegaly were signs of the commonest diffuse visceral involvements. In terms of the malignancy (low- or high-grade), splenomegaly was seen in 71.4 and 82.5% of patients and hepatomegaly was observed in 43.9 and 28.6%, respectively. In addition, irregular visceral outlines, tuberosity, changed density of the parenchyma and its homogeneity. A high correlation was found between the enlargement of the viscera and their decreased parenchymal density. Focal visceral involvements are less difficult to be diagnosed than diffuse ones, but they are much rarer. Computerized tomographic findings indicate the malignancy of a process.

[Results of multimodal treatment of patients with glial tumors of cerebral hemispheres]. / Rezul'taty kombinirovannogo lecheniia bol'nykh s glial'nymi opukholiami bol'shikh polusharii golovnogo mozga.

The outcomes of multimodality treatment were assessed in 42 patients with glial tumors of cerebral hemispheres. Radical surgery turned out to be feasible only in 52.4% of patients with high-grade tumor histological variants and 66.7% of patients with low-grade tumors. Five-year survival rates did not improve when a cumulative radiation dose was increased from 33 to 70 Gy and amount to 21.4 and 73.8% in high- and low-grade tumours, respectively.

[The diagnosis of arteriovenous malformations of the brain by transcranial dopplerography (the potentials of complex noninvasive neurosonoradiological diagnosis)]. / Diagnostika arteriovenoznykh mal'formatsii golovnogo mozga metodom transkranial'noi dopplerografii (vozmozhnosti kompleksnoi neinvazivnoi neirosonoradiologicheskoi diagnostiki).

Under analysis were results of diagnostics in 89 patients with suspected arteriovenous malformations (AVM) obtained by the method of ROC-analysis. The examination included computed tomography (CT) and transcranial dopplerography (TCDG) performed by the standard method. The total sensitivity of TCDG in diagnosing AVMs as a nosological form was 89.5% which is considerably higher than the possibilities of CT. Malformation having a torpid course were diagnosed correctly reliably more often (100%) than those with hemorrhagic debut (78.6%). Most perspective is the principle of unity of "morphological" and functional methods of noninvasive diagnostics. Sensitivity of the complex diagnostics of AVMs was 92.9%, diagnostics of malformations with a torpid course being without errors.

[The computed tomographic diagnosis of acute pancreatitis]. / Komp'iuterno-tomograficheskaia diagnostika ostrogo pankreatita.

Results of the clinical and computed tomography examinations of 152 patients having injuries of the pancreas were analyzed. High degree of the exact diagnosing of acute pancreatitis and complications is confirmed. The information obtained by computed tomography gives grounds for prognosing the development of the pathologic process, timely application of different curative measures.

[The diagnosis and treatment of reactive aseptic spinal epiduritis]. / O diagnostike i lechenii reaktivnogo asepticheskogo spinal'nogo épidurita.

The authors propose a method of CT epidurography for the diagnosis of a rarely revealed complication of neurological manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis--reactive aseptic spinal epiduritis. The method determines with precision small intervertebral disk hernias, aseptic fibrosis and initial manifestations of non-hernial epiduritis. Nine patients were evaluated. Treatment included epidural administration of enzymes, thymalin oxygen: the result was favourable in all patients.

[MRI and computerized tomography in the evaluation of lumbar spine after herniated disk surgery]. / Otsenka sostoianiia poiasnichnogo otdela pozvonochnika posle udaleniia gryzhi diska po dannym iaderno-magnitnoi i rentgenovskoi kompíuternoi tomografii.

The authors analyze the results of comprehensive radio-diagnosis in 44 patients previously operated on for lumbar hernias. All the findings of magnetic resonance tomography and computer-aided tomography were divided into 3 groups: (1) natural consequences of a surgical intervention without clinical manifestations; (2) complications after a surgical intervention; (3) recurrent hernias or hernias on an adjacent level. The most intricate problem was the differential diagnosis between a recurrent hernia and a postoperative epidural cicatrix. Criteria to distinguish between these two conditions are suggested. The authors emphasize that the optimal variant for examination of the patients operated on is a combination of magnetic resonance tomography and computer-aided tomography.