Effect of pegagan (Centella asiatica) nanoparticle coated with chitosan on the cytokine profile of chronic diabetic mice.

Diabetes is closely related to immune response problems when it occurs chronically. Pegagan (Centella asiatica) is a medicinal plant with active compounds. Madecassoside is beneficial in treating diabetes, and nanoparticle technology is expected to enhance the medicinal potential and availability of pegagan compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chitosan-coated pegagan nanoparticles on the cytokine profile of chronic diabetic mice, which included CD4+TNF-α+, CD8+TNF-α+, CD4+IFN-γ+, CD8+IFN-γ+ and IL-6+. An experimental study with a randomized complete block design (CRD) consisting of six treatments with seven replicates was conducted. The groups were: healthy mice as negative control; diabetic mice treated with distilled water as positive control and diabetic mice treated with nanoparticle coated with chitosan (NPC) 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and metformin 130 mg/kgBW. The data were tested using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a significance level of 5% and continued with the Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that pegagan NPC could significantly reduce the relative number of CD4+TNF-α+, CD8+TNF-α+, CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD8+IFN-γ+ and IL-6 in the dose of 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg (p<0.05). The treatment dose of 20 mg/kg reduced CD4+TNF-α+, CD8+TNF-α+, CD4+IFN-γ+, CD8+IFN-γ+ to the levels of healthy mice and a dose of 30 mg/kg could reduce IL-6 as in healthy mice. These findings suggest that chitosan-coated pegagan nanoparticles are a promising therapy for diabetes, as they have the potential to modulate the immune response associated with chronic diabetes.

Application of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology in various fields: A review.

CRISPR-Cas9 has emerged as a revolutionary tool that enables precise and efficient modifications of the genetic material. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its applications in genome editing. We begin by describing the fundamental principles of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, explaining how the system utilizes a single guide RNA (sgRNA) to direct the Cas9 nuclease to specific DNA sequences in the genome, resulting in targeted double-stranded breaks. In this review, we provide in-depth explorations of CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its applications in agriculture, medicine, environmental sciences, fisheries, nanotechnology, bioinformatics, and biotechnology. We also highlight its potential, ongoing research, and the ethical considerations and controversies surrounding its use. This review might contribute to the understanding of CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its implications in various fields, paving the way for future developments and responsible applications of this transformative technology.