Ulcerative keratitis in paca (Agouti paca)

Ulcerative keratitis is a disorder mainly caused by fights and scratches in rodents. This disorder was described in a 7-year-old female paca with ocular secretion, blepharospasm, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, edema and corneal neovascularization. After anesthesia using azaperone (1mg/kg, i.m.), ketamine (20mg/kg, i.m.) and xylazine (0.2mg/kg, i.m.), plus anesthetic collyrium (hydrochloride of tetracaine 0.5% and phenylephrine 10%), conjunctival covering of 360 was performed. Subconjunctival injection of gentamicine was done and the animal was kept using an Elizabethan collar in an individual pen, receiving analgesic (0.02mg/kg of buprenorphine, i.m.) three times a day for 2 days and pentabiotic every 48 hours during 10 days (30,000IU/kg of three penicillins and 12.5mg/kg of two estreptomicines, i.m.). After 30 days, important adhesion of the conjunctival bulb to the scarred cornea was noted and phithisis bulbi observed. The surgical technique performed preserved the eye bulb although vision was lost.

Ulcerative keratitis in paca (Agouti paca)

Ulcerative keratitis is a disorder mainly caused by fights and scratches in rodents. This disorder was described in a 7-year-old female paca with ocular secretion, blepharospasm, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, edema and corneal neovascularization. After anesthesia using azaperone (1mg/kg, i.m.), ketamine (20mg/kg, i.m.) and xylazine (0.2mg/kg, i.m.), plus anesthetic collyrium (hydrochloride of tetracaine 0.5% and phenylephrine 10%), conjunctival covering of 360 was performed. Subconjunctival injection of gentamicine was done and the animal was kept using an Elizabethan collar in an individual pen, receiving analgesic (0.02mg/kg of buprenorphine, i.m.) three times a day for 2 days and pentabiotic every 48 hours during 10 days (30,000IU/kg of three penicillins and 12.5mg/kg of two estreptomicines, i.m.). After 30 days, important adhesion of the conjunctival bulb to the scarred cornea was noted and phithisis bulbi observed. The surgical technique performed preserved the eye bulb although vision was lost.

Ulcerative keratitis in paca (Agouti paca)

Ulcerative keratitis is a disorder mainly caused by fights and scratches in rodents. This disorder was described in a 7-year-old female paca with ocular secretion, blepharospasm, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, edema and corneal neovascularization. After anesthesia using azaperone (1mg/kg, i.m.), ketamine (20mg/kg, i.m.) and xylazine (0.2mg/kg, i.m.), plus anesthetic collyrium (hydrochloride of tetracaine 0.5% and phenylephrine 10%), conjunctival covering of 360 was performed. Subconjunctival injection of gentamicine was done and the animal was kept using an Elizabethan collar in an individual pen, receiving analgesic (0.02mg/kg of buprenorphine, i.m.) three times a day for 2 days and pentabiotic every 48 hours during 10 days (30,000IU/kg of three penicillins and 12.5mg/kg of two estreptomicines, i.m.). After 30 days, important adhesion of the conjunctival bulb to the scarred cornea was noted and phithisis bulbi observed. The surgical technique performed preserved the eye bulb although vision was lost.

Ulcerative keratitis in paca (Agouti paca)

Ulcerative keratitis is a disorder mainly caused by fights and scratches in rodents. This disorder was described in a 7-year-old female paca with ocular secretion, blepharospasm, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, edema and corneal neovascularization. After anesthesia using azaperone (1mg/kg, i.m.), ketamine (20mg/kg, i.m.) and xylazine (0.2mg/kg, i.m.), plus anesthetic collyrium (hydrochloride of tetracaine 0.5% and phenylephrine 10%), conjunctival covering of 360 was performed. Subconjunctival injection of gentamicine was done and the animal was kept using an Elizabethan collar in an individual pen, receiving analgesic (0.02mg/kg of buprenorphine, i.m.) three times a day for 2 days and pentabiotic every 48 hours during 10 days (30,000IU/kg of three penicillins and 12.5mg/kg of two estreptomicines, i.m.). After 30 days, important adhesion of the conjunctival bulb to the scarred cornea was noted and phithisis bulbi observed. The surgical technique performed preserved the eye bulb although vision was lost.

Ulcerative keratitis in paca (Agouti paca)

Ulcerative keratitis is a disorder mainly caused by fights and scratches in rodents. This disorder was described in a 7-year-old female paca with ocular secretion, blepharospasm, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, edema and corneal neovascularization. After anesthesia using azaperone (1mg/kg, i.m.), ketamine (20mg/kg, i.m.) and xylazine (0.2mg/kg, i.m.), plus anesthetic collyrium (hydrochloride of tetracaine 0.5% and phenylephrine 10%), conjunctival covering of 360 was performed. Subconjunctival injection of gentamicine was done and the animal was kept using an Elizabethan collar in an individual pen, receiving analgesic (0.02mg/kg of buprenorphine, i.m.) three times a day for 2 days and pentabiotic every 48 hours during 10 days (30,000IU/kg of three penicillins and 12.5mg/kg of two estreptomicines, i.m.). After 30 days, important adhesion of the conjunctival bulb to the scarred cornea was noted and phithisis bulbi observed. The surgical technique performed preserved the eye bulb although vision was lost.

Ulcerative keratitis in paca (Agouti paca)

Ulcerative keratitis is a disorder mainly caused by fights and scratches in rodents. This disorder was described in a 7-year-old female paca with ocular secretion, blepharospasm, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, edema and corneal neovascularization. After anesthesia using azaperone (1mg/kg, i.m.), ketamine (20mg/kg, i.m.) and xylazine (0.2mg/kg, i.m.), plus anesthetic collyrium (hydrochloride of tetracaine 0.5% and phenylephrine 10%), conjunctival covering of 360 was performed. Subconjunctival injection of gentamicine was done and the animal was kept using an Elizabethan collar in an individual pen, receiving analgesic (0.02mg/kg of buprenorphine, i.m.) three times a day for 2 days and pentabiotic every 48 hours during 10 days (30,000IU/kg of three penicillins and 12.5mg/kg of two estreptomicines, i.m.). After 30 days, important adhesion of the conjunctival bulb to the scarred cornea was noted and phithisis bulbi observed. The surgical technique performed preserved the eye bulb although vision was lost.

MAST CELL TUMOR IN DOGS: RETROSPECTIVE STUDY / MASTOCITOMA CANINO: ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO

This retrospective study included 49 dogs, 28 males and 21 females, of several breeds, between two and 17 years old. The majority of dogs were mixed breed or Boxers and Teckels, six to nine years old. Eleven animals showed grade I mast cell tumor, 10 grade II and nine grade III. Surgery alone or associated with chemotherapy were performed in the most of cases. The results from our study indicate that surgery alone promotes the highest survival time because surgery procedure is indicated in cases with better prognosis. Teckels and Boxers show highest survival time. Dogs with multiple lesions have lowest survival time. The histologic grades of mast cell tumors have similar incidence, however the incidence tends to decrease from grade I to III. High-grade tumors promote lowest survival time. Fine needle aspiration cytology allow accurate diagnosis of canine mast cell tumors, although the histopathology is required to determine the histologic grade allowing an adequate treatment and so a highest survival time. Both incomplete chemotherapy and untreated groups have poor prognosis. In the most of cases the survival time is low.

Este estudo retrospectivo incluiu um total de 49 cães, 28 machos e 21 fêmeas, de diversas raças, entre dois e 17 anos de idade. A maioria dos cães acometidos era mestiça ou da raça Boxer e Teckel, apresentavam idade entre seis e nove anos. Onze animais apresentaram mastocitoma grau I, 10 grau II e nove grau III. Na maioria dos casos, empreitou-se apenas a intervenção cirúrgica ou esta associada à quimioterapia. Conclui-se que a intervenção cirúrgica isolada, utilizada em casos de prognóstico favorável, proporciona maior sobrevida. Cães das raças Teckel e Boxer apresentam sobrevida maior. Cães acometidos em múltiplas regiões do corpo apresentam menor sobrevida. A incidência dos graus histológicos do mastocitoma canino se dá de forma semelhante, porém tende a decrescer do grau I ao III. Mastocitomas de grau elevado estão associados à menor sobrevida. A citologia aspirativa permite o diagnóstico preciso do mastocitoma canino, porém, a histopatologia faz-se imperativa para a determinação do grau histológico e delineamento adequado do tratamento. A quimioterapia incompleta ou a ausência de tratamento apresentam resultados pouco alentadores. Na maioria dos casos de mastocitoma, atendidos neste estudo, o tempo de sobrevida foi baixo.

Mast cell tumor in dogs: retrospective study / Mastocitoma canino: estudo retrospectivo

This retrospective study included 49 dogs, 28 males and 21 females, of several breeds, between two and 17 years old. The majority of dogs were mixed breed or Boxers and Teckels, six to nine years old. Eleven animals showed grade I mast cell tumor, 10 grade II and nine grade III. Surgery alone or associated with chemotherapy were performed in the most of cases. The results from our study indicate that surgery alone promotes the highest survival time because surgery procedure is indicated in cases with better prognosis. Teckels and Boxers show highest survival time. Dogs with multiple lesions have lowest survival time. The histologic grades of mast cell tumors have similar incidence, however the incidence tends to decrease from grade I to III. High-grade tumors promote lowest survival time. Fine needle aspiration cytology allow accurate diagnosis of canine mast cell tumors, although the histopathology is required to determine the histologic grade allowing an adequate treatment and so a highest survival time. Both incomplete chemotherapy and untreated groups have poor prognosis. In the most of cases the survival time is low.

Este estudo retrospectivo incluiu um total de 49 cães, 28 machos e 21 fêmeas, de diversas raças, entre dois e 17 anos de idade. A maioria dos cães acometidos era mestiça ou da raça Boxer e Teckel, apresentavam idade entre seis e nove anos. Onze animais apresentaram mastocitoma grau I, 10 grau II e nove grau III. Na maioria dos casos, empreitou-se apenas a intervenção cirúrgica ou esta associada à quimioterapia. Conclui-se que a intervenção cirúrgica isolada, utilizada em casos de prognóstico favorável, proporciona maior sobrevida. Cães das raças Teckel e Boxer apresentam sobrevida maior. Cães acometidos em múltiplas regiões do corpo apresentam menor sobrevida. A incidência dos graus histológicos do mastocitoma canino se dá de forma semelhante, porém tende a decrescer do grau I ao III. Mastocitomas de grau elevado estão associados à menor sobrevida. A citologia aspirativa permite o diagnóstico preciso do mastocitoma canino, porém, a histopatologia faz-se imperativa para a determinação do grau histológico e delineamento adequado do tratamento. A quimioterapia incompleta ou a ausência de tratamento apresentam resultados pouco alentadores. Na maioria dos casos de mastocitoma, atendidos neste estudo, o tempo de sobrevida foi baixo.

Síndrome glaucomatosa em cães: parte 1

The glaucoma is a serious disease that affects humans as well as animals, leading to ocular nervous structures degeneration and progressive blindness. There are many events related to the glaucomas pathophysiology as the intraocular pressure increase, intracellular glutamate high levels and axoplasmic flow decreasing. Drugs recently available associated to the newcomer surgery techniques are suggested to be the most efficient strategy in the glaucomas control and vision maintenance.

O glaucoma é uma doença grave que acomete humanos e animais, levando à degeneração de estruturas nervosas e à perda progressiva da visão. Vários eventos estão relacionados à fisiopatologia do glaucoma, como o aumento da pressão intra-ocular, o aumento nos níveis de glutamato intra-celular e a diminuição do fluxo axoplasmático. Fármacos recentemente disponíveis no mercado, aliados às novas técnicas cirúrgicas, suscitam perspectivas mais eficazes para o controle do glaucoma e aq preservação da visão.

Síndrome glaucomatosa em cães: parte 1

The glaucoma is a serious disease that affects humans as well as animals, leading to ocular nervous structures degeneration and progressive blindness. There are many events related to the glaucoma’s pathophysiology as the intraocular pressure increase, intracellular glutamate high levels and axoplasmic flow decreasing. Drugs recently available associated to the newcomer surgery techniques are suggested to be the most efficient strategy in the glaucoma’s control and vision maintenance.

O glaucoma é uma doença grave que acomete humanos e animais, levando à degeneração de estruturas nervosas e à perda progressiva da visão. Vários eventos estão relacionados à fisiopatologia do glaucoma, como o aumento da pressão intra-ocular, o aumento nos níveis de glutamato intra-celular e a diminuição do fluxo axoplasmático. Fármacos recentemente disponíveis no mercado, aliados às novas técnicas cirúrgicas, suscitam perspectivas mais eficazes para o controle do glaucoma e aq preservação da visão.

Effects of a 5% monosulfated glycosaminoglycan and duasorb topic solution on alkali-burned rabbit corneas

Topical effects of chondroitin sulfate, a monosulfated glycosaminoglycan, on the healing of alkali-burned corneas were studied.Forty albino rabbits were divided into two groups (GI and GII, n =20) submitted to corneal ulceration with 3 M sodium hydroxide(NaOH). GI was treated with a topical solution of 5% chondroitin sulfate 4 and chondroitin sulfate 6 and GII was treated with 0.9%physiological saline at 6 hour intervals in both cases. The rabbits were studied over a period of 60 days by biomicroscopy witha slit lamp in order to evaluate blepharospasm, blepharitis, chemosis, conjunctival congestion, ocular secretion, and cornealedema, neovascularization and macula. The fluorescein test was performed daily to monitor the evolution of the ulcers. Theanimals were submitted to eye enucleation for histopathology on the 1st, 3rd, 10th, 30th and 60th day after ulcer induction. Whencompared to GII, GI showed 4 perforations. In the eyes in which no perforation occurred, no clinical or microscopic differenceswere observed between groups, except for ocular secretion, which persisted for a longer time in GII animals. Except for thosewith perforations, the corneas tended to heal, on average, within 30 days. The results permit us to conclude that the 5%chondroitin sulfate solution, when instilled on alkali-burned rabbit corneas did not alter healing when compared to the animalstreated with 0

Effects of a 5% monosulfated glycosaminoglycan and duasorb topic solution on alkali-burned rabbit corneas

Topical effects of chondroitin sulfate, a monosulfated glycosaminoglycan, on the healing of alkali-burned corneas were studied.Forty albino rabbits were divided into two groups (GI and GII, n =20) submitted to corneal ulceration with 3 M sodium hydroxide(NaOH). GI was treated with a topical solution of 5% chondroitin sulfate 4 and chondroitin sulfate 6 and GII was treated with 0.9%physiological saline at 6 hour intervals in both cases. The rabbits were studied over a period of 60 days by biomicroscopy witha slit lamp in order to evaluate blepharospasm, blepharitis, chemosis, conjunctival congestion, ocular secretion, and cornealedema, neovascularization and macula. The fluorescein test was performed daily to monitor the evolution of the ulcers. Theanimals were submitted to eye enucleation for histopathology on the 1st, 3rd, 10th, 30th and 60th day after ulcer induction. Whencompared to GII, GI showed 4 perforations. In the eyes in which no perforation occurred, no clinical or microscopic differenceswere observed between groups, except for ocular secretion, which persisted for a longer time in GII animals. Except for thosewith perforations, the corneas tended to heal, on average, within 30 days. The results permit us to conclude that the 5%chondroitin sulfate solution, when instilled on alkali-burned rabbit corneas did not alter healing when compared to the animalstreated with 0

Laparoscopy hepatic biopsy through cauterization

Hepatic biopsy was realized through laparoscopy with simultaneous cauterization in the present study, whose principal aim was to evaluate the efficacy of the applied method and to study its effects in the liver of healthy dogs. Furthermore, we tried to verify the main hematological and chemistry profile alterations related to the hepatic function, and to investigate the viability of the fragments collected by histopathology. To attain this objective, 21 clinically healthy dogs, weighing between 10 and 15kg were submitted to hepatic biopsy with forceps connected to the cautery. Cautery was performed by applying radiofrequency energy at 45 watts. Forty-two hepatic biopsies through laparoscopy were conducted in the animals. At group I one hepatic fragment per animal was collected, at group II two hepatic fragments per animal were collected, and at group III three fragments were collected. Hematocrit and alanine-aminotransferase measurements were employed to evaluate the animals at the pre-operative period, at four and six hour post-operative, and at day 30 post-operative. The results revealed that the procedure was safe and effective for hepatic biopsy in dogs. There were no clinical alterations related to the technique. The fragments collected were viable for histopathology. Hepatic biopsy through laparoscopy with simultaneous cauterization is an effective and usefull method in dogs.

Este estudo visou avaliar a eficácia do método de biópsia hepática laparoscópica por cauterização e estudar os seus efeitos no fígado de cães sadios. Além disso, procurou-se verificar as principais alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas-séricas relacionadas às funções hepáticas e averiguar a viabilidade dos fragmentos colhidos por exame de histopatologia. Para tanto, 21 cães clinicamente sadios pesando entre 10 e 15kg, foram separados em três grupos de sete animais cada grupo. As amostras foram retiradas da borda no lobo lateral esquerdo, utilizando-se pinça de biópsia conectada a eletrocautério na freqüência de 45W. Foram realizadas 42 biópsias hepáticas por laparoscopia nos 21 animais supra- referidos. No grupo I, colheu-se um fragmento hepático por animal. No grupo II, colheram-se dois fragmentos e no grupo III, colheram-se três fragmentos por animal. Os cães foram avaliados nos períodos pré, pós-operatório (tempos 4h e 6h) e aos 30 dias de evolução. Os resutados obtidos revelaram que não houve alterações hematológicas, bioquímicas e histopatológicas relacionadas à técnica. Não foram observadas alterações significativas nos parâmetros estudados, sugerindo que não ocorreram alterações hepáticas que comprometessem a função do órgão.

Laparoscopy hepatic biopsy through cauterization

Hepatic biopsy was realized through laparoscopy with simultaneous cauterization in the present study, whose principal aim was to evaluate the efficacy of the applied method and to study its effects in the liver of healthy dogs. Furthermore, we tried to verify the main hematological and chemistry profile alterations related to the hepatic function, and to investigate the viability of the fragments collected by histopathology. To attain this objective, 21 clinically healthy dogs, weighing between 10 and 15kg were submitted to hepatic biopsy with forceps connected to the cautery. Cautery was performed by applying radiofrequency energy at 45 watts. Forty-two hepatic biopsies through laparoscopy were conducted in the animals. At group I one hepatic fragment per animal was collected, at group II two hepatic fragments per animal were collected, and at group III three fragments were collected. Hematocrit and alanine-aminotransferase measurements were employed to evaluate the animals at the pre-operative period, at four and six hour post-operative, and at day 30 post-operative. The results revealed that the procedure was safe and effective for hepatic biopsy in dogs. There were no clinical alterations related to the technique. The fragments collected were viable for histopathology. Hepatic biopsy through laparoscopy with simultaneous cauterization is an effective and usefull method in dogs.

Este estudo visou avaliar a eficácia do método de biópsia hepática laparoscópica por cauterização e estudar os seus efeitos no fígado de cães sadios. Além disso, procurou-se verificar as principais alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas-séricas relacionadas às funções hepáticas e averiguar a viabilidade dos fragmentos colhidos por exame de histopatologia. Para tanto, 21 cães clinicamente sadios pesando entre 10 e 15kg, foram separados em três grupos de sete animais cada grupo. As amostras foram retiradas da borda no lobo lateral esquerdo, utilizando-se pinça de biópsia conectada a eletrocautério na freqüência de 45W. Foram realizadas 42 biópsias hepáticas por laparoscopia nos 21 animais supra- referidos. No grupo I, colheu-se um fragmento hepático por animal. No grupo II, colheram-se dois fragmentos e no grupo III, colheram-se três fragmentos por animal. Os cães foram avaliados nos períodos pré, pós-operatório (tempos 4h e 6h) e aos 30 dias de evolução. Os resutados obtidos revelaram que não houve alterações hematológicas, bioquímicas e histopatológicas relacionadas à técnica. Não foram observadas alterações significativas nos parâmetros estudados, sugerindo que não ocorreram alterações hepáticas que comprometessem a função do órgão.

Corneal epithelial inclusion cyst in a dog

An unilateral corneal epithelial inclusion cyst in a 7-year-old male Boxer dog is reported. The cyst had been observed for thirty days, was unique, not congenital and only one eye was involved. Seven months prior to the referral the dog had manifested indolent corneal ulcer treated with grade keratotomy and third eyelid flap. The cyst was removed by superficial keratectomy followed by a conjunctival pedicle graft. Recovery was uncomplicated and there wasnt recurrence seven months after the surgery.

Relata-se o caso de um cisto de inclusão epitelial em um cão macho, boxer, com 7 anos de idade. O cisto havia sido observado por trinta dias, era único, não congênito e apenas um olho estava acometido. Sete meses antes da consulta, o cão apresentou ulceração corneana indolente, tratada com ceratectomia e recobrimento de terceira pálpebra. O cisto foi removido através de ceratectomia superficial, seguida de enxerto conjuntival pediculado. A recuperação foi descomplicada e não houve recidiva após sete meses de pós-operatório.

Corneal epithelial inclusion cyst in a dog

An unilateral corneal epithelial inclusion cyst in a 7-year-old male Boxer dog is reported. The cyst had been observed for thirty days, was unique, not congenital and only one eye was involved. Seven months prior to the referral the dog had manifested indolent corneal ulcer treated with grade keratotomy and third eyelid flap. The cyst was removed by superficial keratectomy followed by a conjunctival pedicle graft. Recovery was uncomplicated and there wasn’t recurrence seven months after the surgery.

Relata-se o caso de um cisto de inclusão epitelial em um cão macho, boxer, com 7 anos de idade. O cisto havia sido observado por trinta dias, era único, não congênito e apenas um olho estava acometido. Sete meses antes da consulta, o cão apresentou ulceração corneana indolente, tratada com ceratectomia e recobrimento de terceira pálpebra. O cisto foi removido através de ceratectomia superficial, seguida de enxerto conjuntival pediculado. A recuperação foi descomplicada e não houve recidiva após sete meses de pós-operatório.

Eletrocardiografia de cães submetidos a diferentes concentrações de desflurano, pré-tratados ou não com a associação de fentanil/droperidol

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the fentanil/droperidol association over the heart rate (HR) and electrocardiography (ECG) of dogs submitted to anesthesia by desflurane. For that, forty healthy adult dogs, males and females were used. The dogs were equally separate in two groups G1 and G2. G1 received fentanil (15.7mg/kg) associated to droperidol (0.5mg/kg); while G2 received saline solution at 0.9% (placebo), both applied intravenously. After 15 minutes the general anesthesia was induced with intravenously administration of propofol (5mg/kg). The dogs were submitted to inhalatory anesthesia with desflurane, with an initial concentration of 1.6 MAC. The observations of the variables were begun immediately before the application of the agents (M1). New measurings were carried out 15 minutes after the administration of the fentanil/droperidol association or placebo (M2) and 20 minutes after the anesthetic induction (M3). The other measurings coincided with the establishment of the concentrations of 1.4; 1.2 and 1.0 MAC, respectively M4 to M6. The numeric data were submitted to the Analysis of Profile, being considered the level of significance of p 0.05. The results allowed to conclude that the fentanil/droperidol association decreases HR and the desflurane blocks the decrease on HR produced by the association and promoves a delay in the electrical atrial and ventricular conduction.

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da associação de fentanil e droperidol sobre a freqüência cardíaca (FC) e eletrocardiografia (ECG), em cães submetidos à anestesia pelo desflurano. Para tal, foram empregados quarenta animais hígidos, adultos, machos e fêmeas, com peso variando entre 6,5 e 20kg. Os cães foram separados igualmente em dois grupos G1 e G2. Ao G1, administrou-se fentanil (15,7mg/kg) associado ao droperidol (0,5mg/kg); ao G2, administrou-se solução fisiológica a 0,9% (placebo), ambos por via intravenosa. Decorridos 15 minutos, induziu-se à anestesia geral com administração intravenosa de propofol (5mg/kg). Ato contínuo, os cães foram submetidos a anestesia inalatória pelo desflurano, diluído em oxigênio, através de circuito anestésico semifechado na concentração inicial de 1,6 CAM. As observações das variáveis tiveram início imediatamente antes da aplicação dos fármacos M1. Novas mensurações foram realizadas 15 minutos após a administração da associação fentanil/droperidol ou placebo M2 e 20 minutos decorridos da indução anestésica M3 (1,6 CAM). As demais colheitas coincidiram com o estabelecimento das concentrações de 1,4; 1,2; e 1,0 CAM, respectivamente M4 a M6. Os dados numéricos destas variáveis foram submetidos à Análise de Perfil, sendo considerado o nível de significância de p 0,05. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a associação de fentanil/droperidol reduz a freqüência cardíaca e o desflurano bloqueia a bradicardia produzida pela associação e promove retardo na condução elétrica atrial e ventricular.

Eletrocardiografia de cães submetidos a diferentes concentrações de desflurano, pré-tratados ou não com a associação de fentanil/droperidol

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the fentanil/droperidol association over the heart rate (HR) and electrocardiography (ECG) of dogs submitted to anesthesia by desflurane. For that, forty healthy adult dogs, males and females were used. The dogs were equally separate in two groups G1 and G2. G1 received fentanil (15.7mg/kg) associated to droperidol (0.5mg/kg); while G2 received saline solution at 0.9% (placebo), both applied intravenously. After 15 minutes the general anesthesia was induced with intravenously administration of propofol (5mg/kg). The dogs were submitted to inhalatory anesthesia with desflurane, with an initial concentration of 1.6 MAC. The observations of the variables were begun immediately before the application of the agents (M1). New measurings were carried out 15 minutes after the administration of the fentanil/droperidol association or placebo (M2) and 20 minutes after the anesthetic induction (M3). The other measurings coincided with the establishment of the concentrations of 1.4; 1.2 and 1.0 MAC, respectively M4 to M6. The numeric data were submitted to the Analysis of Profile, being considered the level of significance of p 0.05. The results allowed to conclude that the fentanil/droperidol association decreases HR and the desflurane blocks the decrease on HR produced by the association and promoves a delay in the electrical atrial and ventricular conduction.

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da associação de fentanil e droperidol sobre a freqüência cardíaca (FC) e eletrocardiografia (ECG), em cães submetidos à anestesia pelo desflurano. Para tal, foram empregados quarenta animais hígidos, adultos, machos e fêmeas, com peso variando entre 6,5 e 20kg. Os cães foram separados igualmente em dois grupos G1 e G2. Ao G1, administrou-se fentanil (15,7mg/kg) associado ao droperidol (0,5mg/kg); ao G2, administrou-se solução fisiológica a 0,9% (placebo), ambos por via intravenosa. Decorridos 15 minutos, induziu-se à anestesia geral com administração intravenosa de propofol (5mg/kg). Ato contínuo, os cães foram submetidos a anestesia inalatória pelo desflurano, diluído em oxigênio, através de circuito anestésico semifechado na concentração inicial de 1,6 CAM. As observações das variáveis tiveram início imediatamente antes da aplicação dos fármacos M1. Novas mensurações foram realizadas 15 minutos após a administração da associação fentanil/droperidol ou placebo M2 e 20 minutos decorridos da indução anestésica M3 (1,6 CAM). As demais colheitas coincidiram com o estabelecimento das concentrações de 1,4; 1,2; e 1,0 CAM, respectivamente M4 a M6. Os dados numéricos destas variáveis foram submetidos à Análise de Perfil, sendo considerado o nível de significância de p 0,05. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a associação de fentanil/droperidol reduz a freqüência cardíaca e o desflurano bloqueia a bradicardia produzida pela associação e promove retardo na condução elétrica atrial e ventricular.

Stades method for surgical correction of upper eyelid trichiasis-entropion: results and follow-up in 21 cases

Trichiasis is a condition in which lhe cuia and facial hairs grow toward lhe córnea or the conjunctiva. The hairs arising from normal sites are pointed aí an abnormal direction. This condition may be caused by prominent nasal folds, entropion, blepharospasm, slipped facial mask and dermoids. The upper eyelid trichiasis-entropion with lower eyelid entropionectropion frequentiy occurs in oíder English Cocker Spaniels. The ocular signs often are epiphora, blepharospasm, conjunctivitis, keratitis and comeal ulceratíon. Treatment depenas on the severity ofthe condition and must eliminate the ocular contact by misdirected cuia that irritate the eyeball. This report presents a retrospective study of21 patients with bilateral diffüse trichiasis (15 English Cocker Spaniels; 2 Basset hounds; l Bloodhound; l Fila Brasileiro and 2 mongrel dogs). The procedure described by Stades was employed m ali cases. Postoperatively, topical chioramphenicol oiníment (qid) was appiied in the conjunctival soe and on the open woundfor 2 weeks. Sutures were removed 10 days after surgery. Correction ofpositioning ofthe upper eyelid was successfúl and its apposition to córnea was normal. In most of the cases the reepithelialiwtion was complete one month after surgery. No signs ofrecurrence werefound and there appeared to be no loss of normal fünction of the eyelid in the 21 dogs available for follow-up examination in a maximum period of 36 months.

Triquíase é a condição na qual os cílios e os cabelos faciais crescem em direção à córnea ou conjuntiva. Os pêlos que surgem de locais normais estão apontados em uma direção anormal. Essa condição pode ser causada por dobras nasais proeminentes, entrópio, blefarospasmo, pele facial redundante e dennóides. A triquíase-entrópio da pálpebra superior associada ao entrópio-ectrópio da pálpebra inferior, frequentemente, ocorre em English Cocker Spaniels idosos. Os sinais oculares são frequentemente epífora, blefarospasmo, conjuntivite, ceratite e ulceração comeana. O tratamento depende da severidade da condição e deve eliminar o contato dos cílios com o globo ocular. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo retrospectivo de 21 pacientes com triquíase difusa bilateral (15 English Cocker Spaniels; 2 Basset hounds; l Bloodhound; l Fila Brasileiro e 2 coes sem raça definida). Empregou-se o procedimento descrito por Stades em todos os casos. No pós-operatório, aplicou-se pomada à base de cloranfenicol (qid) no saco conjuntival e na ferida aberta durante duas semanas. Removeram-se as suturas 10 dias após a cirurgia. Obteve-se êxito na correção do posicionamento da pálpebra superior e observou-se sua justaposição normal em relação à córnea. Ocorreu reepiteliwção completa da ferida um mês após a cirurgia. Não houve sinais de recidiva ou perda da função da pálpebra nos 21 cães avaliados por 36 meses.

Short and long term effects of 1% atropine drops on tear production in mixed breed dogs

lt was conceived to study the effects of 1% atropine sulfate drops on tear production in dogs, due to references on its decreasein susceptible animais, treated chronically with the drug, in spite of not being consensus among the authors the possibility ofKeratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) induction in these patients. In this context, it was investigated atropine in relation to theseintercurrent processes in mixed breed dogs that are little or not susceptible to KCS. For this purpose 20 adult, male, healthydogs were used. The tear production was evaluated using the Schirmer tear test no 1. The study was done in three stages,named pre-atropinic, atropinic and post-atropinic. In the pre and post atropinic stages only one daily measuring of the parameterwas taken during 14 and 30 days respectively, without any use of the medication. In the pre-atropinic stage it was possible toestablish the value of 20,26 mm/min as basal, referring to tear production. The atropinic stage was divided in four periods,having the first measuring before instilling the drug and the others, afterwards, at intervals of one hour, adding up to threemeasurements, during the 30 days of evaluation. The results allow affirming that topical 1% atropine sulfa te application in dogsbrought about a decrease of tear production, with an inclination to normalize after interrupting the treatment.