Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery Associated with Right Coronary Giant Aneurysm.

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital malformation, usually diagnosed in the infant period due to myocardial ischemia and heart failure, with the need for emergency surgery. Less commonly, it can be asymptomatic until adulthood. Coronary artery aneurysms are also rare anatomical anomalies with symptoms of acute or chronic angina or even remain completely asymptomatic. We present an unusual case of ALCAPA, associated with a giant aneurysm of the right coronary artery. Meeting presentation: American Association for Thoracic Surgery 102nd annual meeting, Boston MA, USA, May 16, 2022.

Retorno venoso pulmonar anómalo total: experiencia de 25 años en un único centro / Total anomalus pulmonary venous connection: 25 years experience in one health center / Retorno pulmonar venoso anômalo total: 25 anos de experiência num centro de saúde

Resumen: Introducción: en los últimos 20 años se ha reducido en forma significativa la mortalidad operatoria de los pacientes con retorno venoso pulmonar anómalo total. Objetivo: revisión de casos con retorno venoso pulmonar anómalo total sometidos a cirugía reparadora en los últimos 25 años y evaluación de su resultado en un único centro. Material y método: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo desde enero de 1991 a diciembre de 2016. Se identificaron 71 pacientes sometidos a cirugía reparadora. La información se extrajo de registros clínicos. Cuarenta y siete eran de sexo masculino. La edad media fue de 2,8 meses (rango 1 día a 30 meses), peso promedio de 4 kg (rango 2,1 a 10,9 kg). Resultados: del total de casos, 49 fueron supradiafragmáticos y 22 infradiafragmáticos. La obstrucción preoperatoria estuvo presente en 35 pacientes. Treinta y un pacientes fueron operados en el período neonatal, diez fallecieron. La fisiología de ventrículo único y síndrome de heterotaxia estuvo presente en seis casos, todos fallecieron. La obstrucción posoperatoria del drenaje ocurrió en doce pacientes, diez de ellos fueron reintervenidos, uno sobrevivió. La mortalidad global fue de 31%, con 35% en los primeros quince años, descendiendo a 20% en los últimos diez años. Conclusiones: en los últimos diez años se ha logrado un descenso significativo en la mortalidad de los pacientes sometidos a reparación quirúrgica. La edad neonatal, la presencia de cardiopatía compleja asociada y la obstrucción preoperatoria al drenaje venoso se asoció con mayor mortalidad. La obstrucción posoperatoria tuvo mortalidad elevada.

Summary: Introduction: in the last 20 years mortality rates of patients with Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection undergoing surgical repair has improved significantly. Objective: this study aims at reviewing Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection post-surgical results over a 25-year period in one Health Center. Materials and methods: descriptive study of all patients that underwent surgical repair from Jan 1991 to Dec 2016. Seventy-one cases were identified. The data was retrieved from clinical records. Forty-seven were males. Median age was 2.8 months (range 1 day to 30 months of age) and the median weight was 4kg (range 2.1 to 10.9 kg). Results: forty-nine cases were supradiaphragmatic and 22 infradiaphragmatic. Drainage obstruction was present in 35 patients. Thirty-one received surgery during the neonatal period, 10 died (32%). Single-ventricle and Heterotaxy Syndrome were present in 6 cases and all of them died after surgery. Post-surgical drainage obstruction took place in 12 patients, 10 underwent re-intervention and only one survived. Overall mortality was 31%, 35% during the first 15 years period, eventhough it dropped to 20% in the last 10 years. Conclusions: there has been a significant improvement in mortality rates in the last ten years. Neonatal age, complex congenital heart disease and venous drainage obstruction prior to surgery were factors linked to higher mortality rates. Post-surgical pulmonary venous obstruction had a high mortality rate.

Resumo: Introdução: nos últimos 20 anos, a mortalidade cirúrgica de pacientes com Retorno Pulmonar Venoso Anômalo Total reduziu significativamente. Objetivo: revisão de casos com Retorno Pulmonar Venoso Anômalo Total submetidos à correção cirúrgica num único centro de saúde nos últimos 25 anos e avaliação de seu resultado. Material e método: estudo descritivo retrospectivo realizado de janeiro de 1991 a dezembro de 2016. Foram identificados 71 pacientes submetidos à correção cirúrgica. A informação foi extraída de registros clínicos. 47 eram do sexo masculino. A idade média foi de 2,8 meses (intervalo de 1 dia a 30 meses), e o peso médio de 4 kg (faixa de 2,1 a 10,9 kg). Resultados: do total de casos, 49 foram supradiafragmáticos e 22 infradiafragmáticos. A obstrução pré-operatória observou-se em 35 pacientes. 31 pacientes receberam a cirurgia no período neonatal, 10 morreram. A fisiologia da síndrome do ventrículo único e Heterotaxia observou-se em 6 casos, todos eles morreram. A obstrução pós-cirúrgica da drenagem ocorreu em 12 pacientes, 10 deles receberam uma segunda cirurgia, um deles sobreviveu. A mortalidade geral foi de 31%, com 35% nos primeiros 15 anos, caindo para 20% nos últimos 10 anos. Conclusões: nos últimos 10 anos houve uma redução significativa na mortalidade dos pacientes submetidos a correção cirúrgica. A idade neonatal, a presença de cardiopatia complexa associada e a obstrução pré-cirúrgica à drenagem venosa associaram-se a maior mortalidade. A obstrução pós-operatória teve alta mortalidade.

Complete Resection of a Right-Sided Interventricular Septal Fibroma.

A 15-month-old infant with a systolic cardiac murmur developed an episode of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia during transthoracic echocardiography. A large intracardiac mass, which widened the interventricular septum causing right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, was seen and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. A cardiac fibroma was suspected, and because of the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias, surgery was rapidly considered. Despite the challenging location, the tumor was completely and successfully resected. Microscopic examination confirms the diagnosis of ventricular fibroma.