Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients with epilepsy attended at a regional reference psychiatric emergency unit.

OBJECTIVE: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent chronic neurological diseases, presenting a high frequency of psychiatric disorders (PD). This study sought to evaluate the clinical and sociodemographic profile of patients with epilepsy (PWE) attended at a regional reference psychiatric emergency unit. METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional, and descriptive observational study was conducted utilizing a patient record database of individuals with epilepsy who were attended in a regional reference psychiatric emergency unit between January 2018 and August 2022. RESULTS: Out of the 31,800 psychiatric emergency visits, 260 (0.8 %) were of patients with epilepsy (ICD-10: G40). The majority were males (63.5 %) with a mean age of 42.11±15.39 years, single marital status (154; 59.25 %) and elementary education (75; 28.9 %). Most of them (203; 78.1 %) presented at least one psychiatric comorbidity at the emergency visit, but 109 (41.9 %) were not receiving any psychiatric follow-up. A total of 106 patients (40.8 %) had experienced at least one past psychiatric hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of PD is highly prevalent in PWE, and probably with a high frequency of psychiatric emergencies occurring among them. Further studies are needed to assess such patient profile, particularly involving data from psychiatric emergency units.

A key piece of the puzzle: The central tetramer of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae septin protofilament and its implications for self-assembly.

Septins, often described as the fourth component of the cytoskeleton, are structural proteins found in a vast variety of living beings. They are related to small GTPases and thus, generally, present GTPase activity which may play an important (although incompletely understood) role in their organization and function. Septins polymerize into long non-polar filaments, in which each subunit interacts with two others by alternating interfaces, NC and G. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae four septins are organized in the following manner, [Cdc11-Cdc12-Cdc3-Cdc10-Cdc10-Cdc3-Cdc12-Cdc11]n in order to form filaments. Although septins were originally discovered in yeast and much is known regarding their biochemistry and function, only limited structural information about them is currently available. Here we present crystal structures of Cdc3/Cdc10 which provide the first view of the physiological interfaces formed by yeast septins. The G-interface has properties which place it in between that formed by SEPT2/SEPT6 and SEPT7/SEPT3 in human filaments. Switch I from Cdc10 contributes significantly to the interface, whereas in Cdc3 it is largely disorded. However, the significant negative charge density of the latter suggests it may have a unique role. At the NC-interface, we describe an elegant means by which the sidechain of a glutamine from helix α0 imitates a peptide group in order to retain hydrogen-bond continuity at the kink between helices α5 and α6 in the neighbouring subunit, thereby justifying the conservation of the helical distortion. Its absence from Cdc11, along with this structure's other unusual features are critically discussed by comparison with Cdc3 and Cdc10.

Integrated use of plant growth-promoting bacteria and nano-zinc foliar spray is a sustainable approach for wheat biofortification, yield, and zinc use efficiency.

Introduction and aims: The intensive cropping system and imbalance use of chemical fertilizers to pursue high grain production and feed the fast-growing global population has disturbed agricultural sustainability and nutritional security. Understanding micronutrient fertilizer management especially zinc (Zn) through foliar application is a crucial agronomic approach that could improve agronomic biofortification of staple grain crops. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPBs) is considered as one of the sustainable and safe strategies that could improve nutrient acquisition and uptake in edible tissues of wheat to combat Zn malnutrition and hidden hunger in humans. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the best-performing PGPB inoculants in combination with nano-Zn foliar application on the growth, grain yield, and concentration of Zn in shoots and grains, Zn use efficiencies, and estimated Zn intake under wheat cultivation in the tropical savannah of Brazil. Methods: The treatments consisted of four PGPB inoculations (without inoculation, Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, applied by seeds) and five Zn doses (0, 0.75, 1.5, 3, and 6 kg ha-1, applied from nano ZnO in two splits by leaf). Results: Inoculation of B. subtilis and P. fluorescens in combination with 1.5 kg ha-1 foliar nano-Zn fertilization increased the concentration of Zn, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the shoot and grain of wheat in the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons. Shoot dry matter was increased by 5.3% and 5.4% with the inoculation of P. fluorescens, which was statistically not different from the treatments with inoculation of B. subtilis as compared to control. The grain yield of wheat was increased with increasing nano-Zn foliar application up to 5 kg Zn ha-1 with the inoculation of A. brasilense in 2019, and foliar nano-Zn up to a dose of 1.5 kg ha-1 along with the inoculation of P. fluorescens in the 2020 cropping season. The zinc partitioning index was increased with increasing nano Zn application up to 3 kg ha-1 along with the inoculation of P. fluorescens. Zinc use efficiency and applied Zn recovery were improved at low doses of nano-Zn application in combination with the inoculation of A. brasilense, B. subtilis, and P. fluorescens, respectively, as compared to control. Discussion: Therefore, inoculation with B. subtilis and P. fluorescens along with foliar nano-Zn application is considered a sustainable and environmentally safe strategy to increase nutrition, growth, productivity, and Zn biofortification of wheat in tropical savannah.

Association between the rs820218 Variant within the SAP30BP Gene and Rotator Cuff Rupture in an Amazonian Population.

BACKGROUND: Rotator cuff disease is one of the leading causes of musculoskeletal pain and disability, and its etiology is most likely multifactorial but remains incompletely understood. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the relationship of the single-nucleotide rs820218 polymorphism of the SAP30-binding protein (SAP30BP) gene with rotator cuff tears in the Amazonian population. METHODS: The case group consisted of patients who were operated on due to rotator cuff tears in a hospital in the Amazon region between 2010 and 2021, and the control group was composed of individuals who were selected after negative physical examinations for rotator cuff tears. Genomic DNA was obtained from saliva samples. For the genotyping and allelic discrimination of the selected single nucleotide polymorphism (rs820218) in the SAP30BP gene, real-time PCR was performed. RESULTS: The frequency of the A allele in the control group was four times as high as that in the case group (AA homozygotes); an association of the genetic variant rs820218 of the SAP30BP gene with rotator cuff tears was not established (p = 0.28 and 0.20), as the A allelic frequency is ordinarily low in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the A allele indicates protection against rotator cuff tears.

Low cost and easy acquisition: corn grain in microsurgery training.

OBJECTIVES: develop an easily accessible model for training the initial motor practice in microsurgery using corn kernels. METHODS: ten corn kernels (Zea mays) were used. A 7mm longitudinal cut was made on one side of the corn grain. The training consisted of performing 4 simple knots between the edges of the incision, using 10-0 mononylon thread. The parameters analyzed were 1) cost of the model; 2) assembly time of the model test system; 3) time for performing the knots; 4) distance between the knots. RESULTS: in all corn kernels tested, it was possible to perform the proposed microsurgical suture training, without any difficulty in the procedure. The average time to perform the 4 knots was 6.51±1.18 minutes. The total cost of the simulator model was R$3.59. The average distance between the knots was 1.7±0.3mm. The model developed from corn grains has an extremely low cost when compared to the use of animals or high-tech simulators. Other advantages are the easy availability of canned corn kernels and the possibility of making more than four knots along the 7mm incision. CONCLUSION: the training model developed has low cost, is easy to acquire and viable for training basic manual skills in microsurgery.

Do Brazilian medical journals reference Brazilian articles? A cross-sectional study.

Background: The quantity and quality of Brazilian scientific output increases decade by decade. However, there is a tendency to undervalue Brazilian journals, illustrated by the low number of citations compared with texts in international journals, with the tacit justification that foreign articles are of superior quality. Objectives: To investigate the differences in numbers of citations of Brazilian and international periodicals in three Brazilian journals from 2016 to 2020. Methods: All articles published in the Journal of the Brazilian College of Surgeons, in the Jornal Vascular Brasileiro, and in Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed. The references of these studies were analyzed, summing the total number of citations and classifying them as published in Brazilian or foreign journals. Results: A total of 902 articles were analyzed, totaling 23,394 references, with a mean of 25.81 ± 8.59 references per article. Of these, 2,680 (11.45%) were Brazilian, equating to a mean of 2.95 ± 3.79 Brazilian references per article. Conclusions: It is necessary to improve appreciation of Brazilian periodicals, especially among Brazilian researchers and institutions responsible for science funding.

Low cost and easy acquisition: corn grain in microsurgery training / Baixo custo e fácil aquisição: grãos de milho no treinamento microcirúrgico

ABSTRACT Objectives: develop an easily accessible model for training the initial motor practice in microsurgery using corn kernels. Methods: ten corn kernels (Zea mays) were used. A 7mm longitudinal cut was made on one side of the corn grain. The training consisted of performing 4 simple knots between the edges of the incision, using 10-0 mononylon thread. The parameters analyzed were 1) cost of the model; 2) assembly time of the model test system; 3) time for performing the knots; 4) distance between the knots. Results: in all corn kernels tested, it was possible to perform the proposed microsurgical suture training, without any difficulty in the procedure. The average time to perform the 4 knots was 6.51±1.18 minutes. The total cost of the simulator model was R$3.59. The average distance between the knots was 1.7±0.3mm. The model developed from corn grains has an extremely low cost when compared to the use of animals or high-tech simulators. Other advantages are the easy availability of canned corn kernels and the possibility of making more than four knots along the 7mm incision. Conclusion: the training model developed has low cost, is easy to acquire and viable for training basic manual skills in microsurgery.

RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver um modelo facilmente acessível para o treinamento da prática motora inicial em microcirurgia a partir da utilização de grãos de milho. Métodos: foram utilizados dez grãos de milho (Zea mays). Realizou-se um corte longitudinal de 7mm em uma das faces do grão de milho. O treinamento consistiu na realização de 4 pontos simples entre as bordas da incisão, utilizando fio de mononáilon 10-0. Os parâmetros analisados foram 1) custo do modelo; 2) tempo de montagem do sistema de teste do modelo; 3) tempo de realização dos nós; 4) distância entre os pontos. Resultados: em todos os grãos testados foi possível realizar o treinamento de sutura microcirúrgica proposto, sem dificuldade ao procedimento. O tempo médio para a realização dos 4 pontos foi de 6,51±1,18 minutos. O custo total do modelo simulatório foi de R$3,59. A distância média entre os pontos foi de 1,7±0,3mm. O modelo desenvolvido a partir de grãos de milhos apresenta custo extremamente baixo quando comparado ao uso de animais ou de simuladores de alta tecnologia. Outras vantagens são fácil disponibilidade de grãos de milho em conserva e possibilidade de serem realizados mais de quatro pontos ao longo da incisão de 7mm. Conclusão: o modelo de treinamento desenvolvido é de baixo custo, de fácil aquisição e viável para o treinamento de habilidades manuais básicas em microcirurgia.

Os periódicos médicos brasileiros referenciam artigos nacionais? Um estudo transversal / Do Brazilian medical journals reference Brazilian articles? A cross-sectional study

Resumo Contexto A produção científica brasileira cresce de forma quantitativa e qualitativa a cada década. Entretanto, há uma desvalorização dos periódicos brasileiros demonstrada através da baixa quantidade de citações em comparação a textos de revistas internacionais, com justificativa subentendida de que há superioridade qualitativa de artigos estrangeiros. Objetivos Verificar a diferença entre o número de citações de periódicos nacionais e internacionais em três revistas brasileiras no período de 2016 a 2020. Métodos Foram analisados todos os artigos publicados na Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões, no Jornal Vascular Brasileiro e na Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira no intervalo de 2016 a 2020. Os estudos selecionados tiveram suas referências avaliadas, sendo contabilizado o número total de citações e se eram provenientes de periódicos brasileiros ou de periódicos estrangeiros. Resultados Foram analisados 902 artigos, totalizando 23.394 referências, com média de 25,81 ± 8,59 por artigo. Nesse contexto, 2.680 (11,45%) eram nacionais, correspondentes a uma média de 2,95 ± 3,79 referências brasileiras por artigo. Conclusões Faz-se necessária a maior valorização dos periódicos brasileiros, em especial por parte dos pesquisadores nacionais e das instituições responsáveis pelo fomento da ciência.

Abstract Background The quantity and quality of Brazilian scientific output increases decade by decade. However, there is a tendency to undervalue Brazilian journals, illustrated by the low number of citations compared with texts in international journals, with the tacit justification that foreign articles are of superior quality. Objectives To investigate the differences in numbers of citations of Brazilian and international periodicals in three Brazilian journals from 2016 to 2020. Methods All articles published in the Journal of the Brazilian College of Surgeons, in the Jornal Vascular Brasileiro, and in Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed. The references of these studies were analyzed, summing the total number of citations and classifying them as published in Brazilian or foreign journals. Results A total of 902 articles were analyzed, totaling 23,394 references, with a mean of 25.81 ± 8.59 references per article. Of these, 2,680 (11.45%) were Brazilian, equating to a mean of 2.95 ± 3.79 Brazilian references per article. Conclusions It is necessary to improve appreciation of Brazilian periodicals, especially among Brazilian researchers and institutions responsible for science funding.

What came first: the egg or the microsurgery training? An ophthalmic model for developing basic skills in microsurgery / O que veio primeiro: o ovo ou o treinamento microcirúrgico? Um modelo oftalmológico para desenvolver habilidades básicas em microcirurgia

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe a new accessible model of ophthalmological training using chicken eggs. Methods: With the aid of a spherical drill, the external calcified layer and the cuticle of the chicken eggshell were removed in a 2cm diameter circle. Using a video-magnification system, the film was dissected and cut to approximately 1.5 cm diameters. The film was removed and repositioned to make interrupted 12-0 nylon microsutures. The parameters analyzed were: cost, facility of acquisition and handling, time for making the model and the microsutures and number of possible uses. Results: In all simulators, it was possible to carry out separated and equidistant micro-sutures in the egg membrane, without the need for reintervention. Conclusion: The new chicken-egg model for ophthalmic surgery training is low-cost, easy to acquire and handle, and viable for the development of basic microsurgery skills.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever um novo modelo acessível de treinamento oftalmológico com ovo de galinha. Métodos: Com o auxílio de uma broca esférica, a camada calcificada externa e a cutícula da casca do ovo de galinha foram retiradas em um círculo 2 cm de diâmetro. Mediante um sistema de videomagnificação, a película foi dissecada e cortada em formato aproximado de 1,5 cm de diâmetro. A película foi removida e reposicionada para a confecção de microssuturas interrompidas com nylon 12-0. Os parâmetros analisados foram: custo, facilidade de aquisição e manuseio, tempo para confecção do modelo e para a confecção das microssuturas e número de utilizações possíveis. Resultados: Em todos os simuladores foi possível realizar microssuturas separadas e equidistantes na membrana do ovo, sem necessidade de reintervenção. Conclusão: O novo modelo com ovo de galinha para o treinamento de cirurgia oftalmológica é de baixo custo, fácil aquisição e manuseio, além de ser viável no desenvolvimento de habilidades básicas em microcirurgia.

Vocal Symptoms in Brazilian Professors: Self-Perception and Relationship Factors.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the self-perception of vocal symptoms and relationship factors in Brazilian academic teacher. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. The study sample consisted of 235 Brazilian academic teachers, of whom 103 were men and 132 women, aged between 26 and 67 years, and employed at 39 institutions. All participants filled out a questionnaire detailing the presence of vocal complaints, and occupation and sociodemographic information. The vocal symptoms were investigated using voice symptom scale. RESULTS: Academic teacher with vocal complaints showed a higher perception of vocal symptoms in all domains (P < 0.001 for all). Other factors did not result in any significant difference. CONCLUSION: The only factor that influences the self-perception of vocal symptoms in Brazilian academic teachers is the presence of vocal complaints.

Novel Porcine Kidney-Based Microsurgery Training Model for Developing Basic to Advanced Microsurgical Skills.

BACKGROUND: Microsurgery training is critical to the practice of microvascular procedures in many surgical areas. However, even simple procedures require different levels of complex skills. Therefore, simulation-based surgical training, mainly in the area of vascular anastomosis, is of great importance. In this paper, we present a new microsurgery training model for the development of basic to advanced microsurgical skills. METHODS: Porcine kidneys were purchased from a legal butchery slaughterhouse. First, kidneys were washed with water to remove blood and clots inside vessels. Then, dissection was performed throughout the vascular pedicle from the renal arteries to the segmentary branches. Finally, the longitudinal sectioning of the kidney parenchyma was performed to expose the vessels necessary for training. Sixty end-to-end anastomoses were performed. Specific instruments and materials were used to perform anastomoses and dissections with magnification by a video system. We evaluated the diameter of vessels, time to perform anastomosis, and patency of anastomosis. RESULTS: There was no great anatomical variation among the porcine kidneys. The total length for dissection training was 25.80 ± 7.44 cm using the arterial and venous vessel. The average time to perform arterial anastomoses was 23.79 ± 4.55 minutes. For vessel diameters of ≤ 3, 4 to 6, and 7 to 10 mm, the average procedure times were 27.68 ± 3.39, 22.92 ± 4.12, and 20.77 ± 3.44 minutes, respectively. Regarding venous anastomosis, the average duration of the procedure was 26.17 ± 4.80 minutes, including durations of 31.61 ± 3.86, 25.66 ± 4.19, and 21.24 ± 3.79 minutes for vessel diameters of ≤ 7, 8 to 10, and >10 mm, respectively. Positive patency was achieved in all surgeries. CONCLUSION: The porcine kidney provides an inexpensive and convenient biological model for modeling microanastomosis with high fidelity to vascular structures.

O oftalmologista e as uvas: Um modelo de treinamento microcirúrgico / The ophthalmologist and the grapes: A microsurgical training model

Resumo Objetivo: Desenvolver um modelo de treinamento de cirurgias corneanas utilizando uvas. Métodos: Foram empregadas uvas como estruturas que mimetizam o tamanho do globo ocular humano, recobertas com materiais de látex, simulando a pratica de cirurgias de córnea utilizando um sistema de videomagnificação. Foram realizados oito pontos simples. Foi avaliado o tempo de confecção do procedimento. Resultados: Foram realizadas 25 simulações como o modelo descrito. O tempo médio de realização da rafia foi de 34,56 ±5,79 minutos. A análise da correlação entre o tempo e a ordem das cirurgias mostrou uma redução no tempo de confecção. Conclusão: O modelo de treinamento oftalmológico utilizando uvas mostrou-se capaz de simular as etapas básicas do treinamento de suturas microcirúrgicas.

Abstract Objective: Develop a training model for corneal surgery using grapes. Methods: Grapes were used as structures that mimic the size of the human eyeball, covered with latex materials, simulating the practice of corneal surgery using a videomagnification system. Eight simple stitches were performed. The surgical time was evaluated. Results: 25 simulations were carried out as the model described. The mean time taken for the raffia was 34.56 ± 5.79 minutes. The analysis of the correlation between the time and the order of the surgeries showed a reduction in the confection time. Conclusion: The ophthalmic training model using grapes proved to be capable of simulating the basic stages of microsurgery suture training.

Inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense associated with silicon as a liming source to improve nitrogen fertilization in wheat crops.

This research was developed to investigate whether inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in combination with silicon (Si) can enhance N use efficiency (NUE) in wheat and to evaluate and correlate nutritional and productive components and wheat grain yield. The study was carried out on a Rhodic Hapludox under a no-till system with a completely randomized block design with four replications in a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial scheme: two liming sources (with Ca and Mg silicate as the Si source and limestone); two inoculations (control - without inoculation and seed inoculation with A. brasilense) and five side-dress N rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1). The results of this study showed positive improvements in wheat growth production parameters, NUE and grain yield as a function of inoculation associated with N rates. Inoculation can complement and optimize N fertilization, even with high N application rates. The potential benefits of Si use were less evident; however, the use of Si can favour N absorption, even when associated with A. brasilense. Therefore, studies conducted under tropical conditions with Ca and Mg silicate are necessary to better understand the role of Si applied alone or in combination with growth-promoting bacteria such as A. brasilense.

Correction: Structural characterization of a pathogenicity-related superoxide dismutase codified by a probably essential gene in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209988.].

Vocal fatigue in professors at the beginning and end of the school year. / Fadiga vocal em professores universitários no início e ao final do ano letivo.

PURPOSE: To characterize and to compare the perception of vocal fatigue in professors at the beginning and at the end of the school year. METHODS: Observational, analytical, prospective cohort study was carried out. A total of 115 professors participated with a mean age of 40 years old, 71 women and 44 men, employees of 28 higher education institutions in the south and southeast regions of Brazil. All answered to the Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) at the beginning (February or March) and at the end (October or November) of the Brazilian school year. The VFI results for both assessed moments were statistically compared (p<0.05). RESULTS: The professors' mean scores obtained in the factors of tiredness of voice and avoidance of voice use (p<0.001) and improvement of symptoms with rest (p=0.001) increased at the end of the school year. CONCLUSION: Professors reported higher perception of vocal fatigue at the end of the school year, which influenced the avoidance of voice use and improvement of symptoms with the rest.

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar e comparar a percepção de fadiga vocal em professores universitários no início e ao final do ano letivo. MÉTODO: Estudo observacional, analítico, de coorte prospectivo. Participaram 115 professores universitários, idade média de 40 anos, sendo 71 mulheres e 44 homens, funcionários de 28 instituições de ensino superior das regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil. Todos responderam ao Índice de Fadiga Vocal (IFV) no início (fevereiro ou março) e ao final (outubro ou novembro) do ano letivo. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos no IFV nos dois momentos foram comparados estatisticamente (p<0,05). Resultados: Os escores médios obtidos nos domínios fadiga e restrição vocal (p<0,001) e recuperação com repouso vocal (p=0,001) dos professores universitários aumentaram ao final do ano letivo. CONCLUSÃO: Professores universitários referiram maior percepção de fadiga vocal ao final do ano letivo, o que influenciou na restrição vocal e na recuperação com repouso vocal.

Fadiga vocal em professores universitários no início e ao final do ano letivo / Vocal fatigue in professors at the beginning and end of the school year

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar e comparar a percepção de fadiga vocal em professores universitários no início e ao final do ano letivo. Método Estudo observacional, analítico, de coorte prospectivo. Participaram 115 professores universitários, idade média de 40 anos, sendo 71 mulheres e 44 homens, funcionários de 28 instituições de ensino superior das regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil. Todos responderam ao Índice de Fadiga Vocal (IFV) no início (fevereiro ou março) e ao final (outubro ou novembro) do ano letivo. Resultados Os resultados obtidos no IFV nos dois momentos foram comparados estatisticamente (p<0,05). Resultados: Os escores médios obtidos nos domínios fadiga e restrição vocal (p<0,001) e recuperação com repouso vocal (p=0,001) dos professores universitários aumentaram ao final do ano letivo. Conclusão Professores universitários referiram maior percepção de fadiga vocal ao final do ano letivo, o que influenciou na restrição vocal e na recuperação com repouso vocal.

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize and to compare the perception of vocal fatigue in professors at the beginning and at the end of the school year. Methods Observational, analytical, prospective cohort study was carried out. A total of 115 professors participated with a mean age of 40 years old, 71 women and 44 men, employees of 28 higher education institutions in the south and southeast regions of Brazil. All answered to the Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) at the beginning (February or March) and at the end (October or November) of the Brazilian school year. The VFI results for both assessed moments were statistically compared (p<0.05). Results The professors' mean scores obtained in the factors of tiredness of voice and avoidance of voice use (p<0.001) and improvement of symptoms with rest (p=0.001) increased at the end of the school year. Conclusion Professors reported higher perception of vocal fatigue at the end of the school year, which influenced the avoidance of voice use and improvement of symptoms with the rest.

Vidas indestrutíveis: micropolíticas da pobreza na vida homossexual / Indestructible lives: micropolitics of poverty in homosexual life

Por meio das composições teóricas estabelecidas por Foucault sobre poder, tecnologia de poder e discurso, Guattari, Deleuze e Rolnik formularam uma nova perspectiva de articulação teórica ao perceberem que, em meio às relações privadas existem micropolíticas que se corporificam como forças normalizadoras dos comportamentos e desejos humanos. Embasada nesses pressupostos, esta pesquisa articulou os temas de pobreza e homossexualidade, buscando pensar como as vidas homossexuais são negadas e inseridas nas condições precárias fomentadas pelos discursos que condicionam a homossexualidade. A metodologia nesta produção se diversifica entre uma revisão bibliográfica conceitual e uma análise de cenas de vidas homossexuais que encadeiam juntas uma produção onde se verifica as ações de assujeitamento sobre essas vidas e suas resistências/reações. Foram selecionados três depoimentos, encontrados em fragmentos de falas de uma entrevista concedida por Pablo Vittar ao canal Trip Tv, e mais duas encontradas em narrativas de uma outra produção feita pelo autor no ano de 2013. A ideia de Vidas Indestrutíveis busca mostrar como se engendram micropolíticas que conduzem os sujeitos homossexuais a condições de precarização, e como essa, enquanto campo minado de sujeição de seus corpos, produz resistências e linhas de fuga para que sobrevivam em meio as conduções normativas de suas vidas.(AU)

Through the theoretical compositions established by Foucault about power, technology of power and discourse, Guattari, Deleuze and Rolnik formulated a new perspective of theoretical articulation when they perceive that, in the midst of private relations, there are micropolicies that embodied as normalizing forces of human behaviors and desires. Based on these assumptions, this research articulated the themes of poverty and homosexuality, trying to think how homosexual lives are denied and inserted in the precarious conditions fomented by the discourses that condition homosexuality. The methodology in this production is diversified between a conceptual bibliographical review and an analysis of scenes from homosexual lives that chain together a production where the actions of subjection on these lives and their resistances / reactions are verified. It was selected three testimonies, found in excerpts from an interview granted by Pablo Vittar to the Trip Tv channel, and two more in narratives of another production made by the author in the year 2013.The idea of Indestructible Lives tries to show how micropolitics are generated that lead homosexual subjects to conditions of precariousness, and how, as a minefield of subjection their bodies, it produces resistances and lines of escape so that they survive through the normative conducts of their lives.(AU)

Cidadania para pessoas transgênero no Mercosul: um comparativo entre Brasil e Uruguay / Citizenship for trans people in Mercosur: a legal comparative between Brazil and Uruguay / Ciudadanía para personas transgénero en el Mercosur: un comparativo entre Brasil y Uruguay

Este artigo tem como escopo estabelecer, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, um comparativo legal entre o aporte jurisprudencial brasileiro (Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade nº 4.275-DF, Supremo Tribunal Federal do Brasil, 2018) e o Projeto de Lei nº 816/2017 (Ley Integral para Personas Trans), recentemente aprovado pela Câmara dos Deputados do Uruguai, a fim de combater a discriminação e ampliar direitos para transexuais, transgêneros e travestis no Brasil, considerando-se a necessidade de se expandir a cidadania para essas pessoas: tradicionalmente marginalizados. Busca-se discutir sobre as legislações dos dois países selecionados como objeto de pesquisa (integrantes do Mercosul), a fim de verificar se estão promovendo Direitos Humanos à População T. Como resultado, evidencia-se que, ao passo que o Uruguai tem empreendido esforços na positivação de direitos e no reconhecimento do respeito à autodeterminação da identidade de gênero, o Brasil, ainda, tem caminhado timidamente na mesma construção, dependendo ­ prioritariamente ­ de jurisprudências e atos administrativos para tanto.

The purpose of this article is to establish, based on bibliographical and documentary research, a legal comparison between the Brazilian jurisprudential contribution (Direct Unconstitutionality Action nº 4,275-DF, Supreme Federal Court of Brazil, 2018) and Bill nº 816/2017 (Ley Integral para Personas Trans), recently approved by the Chamber of Deputies of Uruguay, in order to combat discrimination and expand rights for transsexuals, transgenders and transvestites in Brazil, considering the need to expand citizenship for these people: traditionally marginalized. The aim is to discuss the legislation of the two countries selected as an object of research (members of Mercosur), in order to verify if they are promoting Human Rights to Population T. As a result, it is evident that, while Uruguay has made efforts in the positivation of rights and in the recognition of respect for the self-determination of gender identity, Brazil has also walked timidly in the same construction, depending - primarily on jurisprudence and administrative acts for that purpose.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo establecer, a partir de investigación bibliográfica y documental, un comparativo legal entre el aporte jurisprudencial brasileño (Acción Directa de Inconstitucionalidad nº 4.275-DF, Supremo Tribunal Federal de Brasil, 2018) y el Proyecto de Ley nº 816/2017 (Ley Integral para Personas Trans), recientemente aprobado por la Cámara de Diputados de Uruguay, a fin de combatir la discriminación y ampliar derechos para transexuales, transgéneros y travestis en Brasil, considerando la necesidad de expandir la ciudadanía para esas personas: tradicionalmente marginados. Se busca discutir sobre las legislaciones de los dos países seleccionados como objeto de investigación (integrantes del Mercosur), a fin de verificar si están promoviendo Derechos Humanos a la Población T. Como resultado, se evidencia que, mientras que Uruguay ha emprendido esfuerzos en la positivación de derechos y en el reconocimiento del respeto a la autodeterminación de la identidad de género, Brasil, aún, ha caminado tímidamente en la misma construcción, dependiendo- prioritariamente - de jurisprudencias y actos administrativos para tanto.

Structural characterization of a pathogenicity-related superoxide dismutase codified by a probably essential gene in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.

Citrus canker is a plant disease caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri that affects all domestic varieties of citrus. Some annotated genes from the X. citri subsp. citri genome are assigned to an interesting class named "pathogenicity, virulence and adaptation". Amongst these is sodM, which encodes for the gene product XcSOD, one of four superoxide dismutase homologs predicted from the genome. SODs are widespread enzymes that play roles in the oxidative stress response, catalyzing the degradation of the deleterious superoxide radical. In Xanthomonas, SOD has been associated with pathogenesis as a counter measure against the plant defense response. In this work we initially present the 1.8 Å crystal structure of XcSOD, a manganese containing superoxide dismutase from Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. The structure bears all the hallmarks of a dimeric member of the MnSOD family, including the conserved hydrogen-bonding network residues. Despite the apparent gene redundancy, several attempts to obtain a sodM deletion mutant were unsuccessful, suggesting the encoded protein to be essential for bacterial survival. This intriguing observation led us to extend our structural studies to the remaining three SOD homologs, for which comparative models were built. The models imply that X. citri subsp. citri produces an iron-containing SOD which is unlikely to be catalytically active along with two conventional Cu,ZnSODs. Although the latter are expected to possess catalytic activity, we propose they may not be able to replace XcSOD for reasons such as distinct subcellular compartmentalization or differential gene expression in pathogenicity-inducing conditions.