[Epidemiology, clinical manifestations and efficiency of different methods of treatment of acromegaly according to the United Russian Registry of Patients with Pituitary Tumors].

BACKGROUND: The registry is the main source of information about patients with acromegaly for assessing the quality of medical care, effectiveness of treatment, determining the compliance of real clinical practice with existing standards and patient management protocols. AIMS: To evaluate epidemiological, demographic and clinical characteristics of acromegaly in Russian Federation and effectiveness of treatment modalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The object of the study was the database of the united Russian registry of patients with pituitary tumors with specific analysis of patients with acromegaly only. We analyzed the data of 4114 patients with acromegaly stored on the online system in February 2019. RESULTS: Based on the data 32% of patients had complete clinical and laboratory remission of acromegaly; the percentage of patients with no remission was 68%, among them 22.5% had significant improvements in clinical symptoms and a decrease in growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) without IGF-1 normalization. The average age of patients at the onset of the disease was 42.7 years and at diagnosis – 45.8 years. The ratio of men to women was 1:2.6. In patients with acromegaly hypopituitarism was registered in 14.7% of cases and among them hypothyroidism (66%) and hypogonadism (52%) were registered more often. Among other complications the leading were diabetes mellitus (15.7%) and acromegalic arthropathy (15%). The proportion of patients receiving neurosurgical treatment increased from 35.7% to 49.6% in 2012–2019; the portion of patients undergoing radiation therapy decreased significantly from 17.7% in 2012 to 0.8% in 2019. Remission was achieved in 40.47% after neurosurgery and 28.95% after medical treatment as a first line therapy p<0.01. The number of patients receiving medical treatment at the time of the study was 1209. Among them 51% of patients treated with long-acting lanreotide and 24% receiving long-acting octreotide achieved remission (p<0.0001) CONCLUSIONS: The remission rate of acromegaly remains suboptimal despite increased surgical activity, which corresponds to global trends. Long-acting lanreotide was significantly superior versus long-acting octreotide in the rate of acromegaly remission, which does not correspond with clinical trials.

Lixisenatide as add-on treatment among patients with different ß-cell function levels as assessed by HOMA-ß index.

BACKGROUND: The effect of lixisenatide-a prandial once-daily glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist-on glycaemic control in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), stratified by baseline ß-cell function, was assessed. METHODS: The 24-week GetGoal-M, -P and -S trials evaluated the efficacy and safety of lixisenatide in combination with oral antidiabetic agents. This post hoc analysis used data from patients receiving lixisenatide in these trials, divided into matched cohorts by propensity scoring, and stratified according to baseline homeostasis model assessment of ß-cell function (HOMA-ß) index levels, high HOMA-ß: > median HOMA-ß (28.49%); low HOMA-ß: ≤ median. RESULTS: The matched "low" and "high" HOMA-ß index cohorts (N = 546 patients) had comparable baseline parameters. Mean change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c ) was -0.85% and -0.94% for low and high HOMA-ß cohorts, respectively (P = .2607). Reductions from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG; -0.77 vs -1.04 mmol/L; P = .1496) and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG; -5.82 vs -5.61 mmol/L; P = .7511) were similar in the low versus high HOMA-ß index cohorts. Reduction in body weight was significantly greater in the low versus high HOMA-ß index cohort (-2.06 vs -1.13 kg, respectively; P = .0006). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with T2DM, lixisenatide was associated with reduction in HbA1c and improvements in both FPG and PPG, regardless of ß-cell function, indicating that lixisenatide is effective in reducing hyperglycaemia, even in patients with more advanced stages of T2DM and poor residual ß-cell function.

Influence of insulin treatment on insulin sensitivity in insulin requiring type 2 diabetes patients.

Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes subjects was investigated before and 6 months after insulin administration in 43 type 2 diabetes patients (28 females and 15 males). Their age was 56.1+/-8.6 years, diabetes duration 11.7+/-6.8 years, BMI 29.5+/-5.3 kg/m2. All patients were on maximal dosage of oral hypoglycaemic agents and had poor metabolic control (HbA1c 11.2+/-1.6%). Insulin sensitivity was measured by euglycaemic clamp (insulin infusion rate 1 mU kg-1 min-1). The glucose disposal rate (M-value) was considerably lower in patients (2.4+/-1.6 mg kg-1 min-1, 0.2-8.1) compared with healthy subjects (7.1+/-0.2 mg kg-1 min-1, p<0.01). M-value was strongly associated with WHR (r=-0.41, p<0.05). The patients with poorest insulin sensitivity had the highest level of total cholesterol (r=-0.41, p=0.02) and LDL-cholesterol (r=-0.38, p=0.03). After 6 months of insulin treatment BMI was 30.3+/-4.2 kg/m2 (p<0.05), mean weight increase was 2.7+/-0.8 kg. M-value was substantially increased to 4.5+/-2.3 mg kg-1 min-1 (p<0.001), the degree of improvement depended on basal insulin sensitivity (r=-0.55, p<0.01). HbA1c was reduced to 7.7+/-1.4% (p<0.01), the correlation M-value with change of HbA1c (r=-0.59, p<0.01) was shown. Total cholesterol decreased from 6.3+/-1.1 to 5.4+/-1.1 mmol/l, LDL-cholesterol from 4.1+/-1.1 to 3.4+/-1.0 mmol/l, triglycerides from 2.6+/-1.6 to 1.6+/-0.7 mmol/l (p<0.001). In conclusion, insulin treatment of type 2 diabetes patients leads to decrease in insulin resistance due to reduction in glucose toxicity and plasma atherogenicity despite weight gain.