The influence of smoking on bacterial resistance after vaccine or antibiotic prophylaxis against recurrent urinary tract infections. / Influencia del tabaquismo en la resistencia bacteriana después de la profilaxis frente a infecciones urinarias recurrentes con antibiótico o con vacuna.

INTRODUCTION: The influence of tobacco on the microbiological spectrum, resistance-sensitivity pattern and evolution in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI) is analyzed. Evaluation of the effect of polyvalent bacterial vaccine on the prevention of RUTI and smoking status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective multicenter study of 855 women with RUTI receiving suppressive antibiotic treatment or bacterial vaccine between 2009 and 2013. Group A (GA): Antibiotic (n=495); Subgroups: GA1 non-smoker (n=417), GA2 smoker (n=78). Group B (GB): Vaccine (n=360); Subgroups: GB1 non-smoker (n=263), GB2 smoker (n=97). VARIABLES: Age, pre-treatment UTI, disease-free time (DFT), microbial species, sensitivity and resistance. Follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 months with culture and SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean age 56.51 years (18-75), similar between groups (P=.2257). No difference in the number of pretreatment UTIs (P=.1329) or in the distribution of the bacterial spectrum (P=.7471). DFT was higher in subgroups B compared with A. Urine cultures in GA1: E. coli 62.71% with 8.10% resistance (33% quinolones; 33% cotrimoxazole; 33% quinolones + cotrimoxazole); in GA2 E. coli 61.53% with 75% resistance (16.66% quinolones; 33.33% quinolones + cotrimoxazole; 16.66% amoxicillin-clavulanate; 16.66% erythromycin + phosphomycin + clindamycin) (P=.0133). There were no differences between patients of GA treated with cotrimoxazole and nitrofurantoin (P=.8724). Urine cultures in GB1: E. coli 47.36% with 22.22% resistance (5.55% ciprofloxacin; 5.55% cotrimoxazole; 5.55% ciprofloxacin + cotrimoxazole; 5.55% amoxicillin/clavulanic acid). In GB2 E. coli 70.02% with 61.90% resistances (30.76% quinolones; 30.76% cotrimoxazole; 30.76% quinolones + cotrimoxazole; 17.69% amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) (P=.0144). CONCLUSIONS: The development of bacterial resistance is more frequent among women with smoking habits and recurrent urinary infections. This could influence a worse response to preventive treatments, either with antibiotics or vaccines.

Edentulism, use of dentures and consumption of fruit and vegetables in south Brazilian community-dwelling elderly.

There is evidence suggesting that edentulous older persons modify their diet, avoiding foods that are difficult to chew, such as fruit and vegetables; meanwhile, the consumption of these foods is associated with prevention of chronic diseases. However, few studies evaluated whether a poor oral status without prosthetic rehabilitation is associated with a reduction in the consumption of fruit and vegetables in community-dwelling older persons. We evaluated the association of oral status with emphasis on complete dentures use with the daily consumption of at least 400 g of fruit and vegetables, following the recommendations of the WHO. A random sample of 282 south Brazilians ≥60 years of age was evaluated. Measurements included a questionnaire to assess sociodemographic, behaviour, and health data; consume of fruit and vegetables by means of a 24-h diet recall, and oral status assessment, by means of oral examinations assessing the number of teeth and use of dental prosthesis. Multivariate Poisson regression showed that the only variable significantly associated with inadequate consumption of fruit and vegetables was edentulism with the use of only one denture [PR=1·75 (1·11-2·74)]. Edentulous participants wearing only one denture were less likely to consume at least 400 g day(-1) of fruit and vegetables. These results indicate that, in edentulous community-dwelling elderly, oral health rehabilitation might play an important role in the maintenance of consumption of adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, which is an important component of a healthy diet and also in the prevention of chronic diseases.

Carcass quality of feedlot finished steers fed yeast, monensin, and the association of both additives / Qualidade de carcaça de novilhos terminados com dietas contendo levedura, monensina e associação de ambos aditivos

To evaluate the effects of the supplementation of feed additives on carcass quality in beef cattle, 72 Nellore steers (339.5kg, 20-month old) were feedlot finished and fed for 91 days one of the following diets: 1) control with no additives; or added of 2) live yeast culture; 3) monensin; or 4) the association of both additives. After slaughter, renal, pelvic, and inguinal fat and hot carcass weights were recorded and carcass was split into muscle, bone, and trimmable fat. Carcass Longissimus muscle area and subcutaneous fat thickness at the 12th rib were measured and steaks of Longisimus muscle were taken to determine meat color, shear force, drip, and cooking losses. Yeast increased carcass dressing percentage but there were no effects on hot carcass weight, Longissimus area, subcutaneous fat thickness, percentage and weight of retail cut yield and trimmings. Feed additives had no effect on carcass pH, meat color, fat content, shear force, and drip losses. Supplementation of yeast, monensin or the association of both additives had no important effects on carcass traits and on meat quality of feedlot finished steers.

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da suplementação de aditivos alimentares sobre a qualidade de carcaça em bovinos de corte. Usaram-se 72 novilhos Nelore com média de peso de 339,5kg e 20 meses de idade, terminados em confinamento e alimentados por 91 dias com uma das quatro dietas: 1) dieta controle sem aditivos, ou com a adição de 2) leveduras vivas, 3) monensina ou 4) associação entre ambos aditivos. Após o abate, os pesos da gordura renal, pélvica e inguinal e da carcaça foram medidos e a carcaça dividida em músculos, ossos e aparas. Foram mensurados a área de olho de lombo e a espessura de gordura subcutânea sobre o músculo Longissimus na região da 12ª costela e foram obtidos bifes para a determinação da cor, força de cisalhamento e perdas por cocção e cozimento da carne. A levedura aumentou o rendimento de carcaça, mas não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o peso de carcaça, porção comestível e aparas. Os aditivos não influenciaram o pH da carcaça, a cor, a gordura intramuscular, a força de cisalhamento e as perdas por exsudação da carne. A suplementação, com levedura e com monensina em associação ou separadamente, não teve efeito importante sobre a qualidade da carcaça em novilhos terminados em confinamento.

Racial factors and the risk of chronic pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVE: It is unclear why some alcohol abusers develop alcoholic cirrhosis whereas others contract chronic pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to examine the importance of race as a risk factor for the development of chronic pancreatitis. METHODS: We compared the racial status of 1883 patients discharged with a first-listed diagnosis of two diseases strongly related to alcohol abuse: 433 patients with chronic pancreatitis (ICD 5771) and 1450 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (ICD 5712). Information came from discharge statistics maintained by two acute care hospitals in New York City and one acute care hospital in Lisbon, Portugal. The study period included the years 1989-1996 in the US and 1989-1994 in Portugal. RESULTS: A total of 215 (50%) of the 433 chronic pancreatitis patients were black compared with 333 (23%) of the 1450 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. When adjusted for sex and hospital site, patients with pancreatitis were significantly more likely to be black than patients with cirrhosis (odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.9-3.2, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with white patients, black patients are two to three times more likely to be hospitalized for chronic pancreatitis than alcoholic cirrhosis. This highly significant (p < 0.001) difference was observed in both men and women: in three different hospitals, and in two different countries. The explanation is unknown, but could be related to racial differences in diet, type or quantity of alcohol consumption, smoking, or ability to detoxify substances harmful to the liver or pancreas.

Estudo da imunidade humoral e celular na doenca hepatica esquistossomotica. / Humoral and cellular immunity in hepatic schistosomatic disease

Foram estudados 40 pacientes de esquistossomose mansonica,em sua forma hepato-esplenica, divididos em 02 grupos: Grupo I, fase compensada _ 20 casos e Grupo II, fase descompensada _ 20 casos. Vinte e dois individuos pertenciam ao sexo masculino e 18 ao feminino.A idade variou de 11 a 66 anos, predominando os grupos estarios de 11 a 30 anos. Os testes utilizados para pesquisa de imunidade humoral foram os seguintes: dosagem de gamablobulina, dosagem das imunoglobulinas G, M e A e contagem de linfocitos T, reacoes intradermicas com antigenos conhecidos (PPD, candidina,tricofitina e varidase) e investigacao de sensibilizacao ao dinitroclorobenzeno (DNCB). Como conclusao geral, verificou-se que esquistossomaticos hepato-esplenicos apresentaram, em sua maioria, hipersensibilidade de tipo humoral, e, ao mesmo tempo, nitida tendencia para depressoes de imunidade celular, essa ultima evidente, sobretudo, nos pacientes em fase de descompensacao hepatica. Varias possibilidades foram discutidas para explicacao da patogenia desta imunodepressao