[The clinical and experimental research of metabolic effects of shark liver oil].

The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with shark liver oil on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of the study show that enrichment of a diets with shark liver oil in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension improved clinic status, antropometric levels, lipid spectrum of blood and immunology status. The mechanism of shark liver oil was investigated in rats.

[Application of nutritional formulare in the dietotherapy in patients with cardiovascular diseases].

It was found that the including of nutritional formulae in the dietary therapy for patients with cardiovascular diseases and obesity has been evaluated, had a positive effect on the clinical presentation of disease, lipid metabolism and the dynamic of body composition of patients.

[Effect of soybean protein isolate on energy substrate oxidation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Vliianie izoliata soevogo belka na okislenie énergosubstratov u bol'nykh insulinzavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

Using indirect colorimetry, the authors demonstrated disordered energy metabolism at rest in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with a moderate decompensation of metabolism: carbohydrate oxidation was reduced and fat and protein oxidation increased, this being aimed at maintenance of the basic metabolism within the normal range under conditions of insulin insufficiency. Improvement of common parameters of compensation during optimization of insulin therapy and therapeutic diets was associated with approximation of substrate oxidation structure and energetic structure of a diet, as well as with increased production of useful energy coupled with reduced oxygen consumption. Moreover, a positive correlation between insulin level and carbohydrate oxidation rate was revealed. Analysis of the effects of qualitative composition of protein showed a more rapid improvement of metabolism during metabolic diet, whereas during therapy with diets including soybean protein increase of metabolism efficacy is more manifest. Bioenergetic parameters may be used as criteria of the efficacy of IDDM treatment. Changes in these parameters not always correlate with the time course of routine criteria of compensation and provide supplementary information on a patient's metabolic status.

[Energy expenditures in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a hospital and ambulatory environment (computer analysis)]. / Energotraty u bol'nykh insulinzavisimym sakharnym diabetom v statsionarnykh i ambulatornykh usloviiakh (komp'iuternyi analiz).

Original computer programs for assessment of energetic value of nutrition and daily energy expenditures of man based on physical activity protocols have been developed. The programs were tried in 16 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, and essential individual differences from tentative table estimations of energy expenditures were detected. Correlations between treatment efficacy and individual energy expenditures of patients were observed; a moderate deficit of nutrition calories was found more detrimental for metabolic control than their moderate excess. The regularities detected even in such a nonrepresentative sample permit us evaluate high the potentialities and significance of the suggested method for assessment of energy expenditures.

[The potentials of indirect calorimetry in the differential assessment of the metabolic status of obese patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus]. / Vozmozhnosti nepriamoi kalorimetrii v differentsirovannoi otsenke metabolicheskogo statusa bol'nykh insulinnezavisimym sakharnym diabetom tuchnykh.

Twenty-one obese patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, 16 female and 5 male ones, were fed similar isocaloric rations, differing only by the share of substitution of the traditional protein products (0%, 60%, 30%, 45%) in the Danpro-S, Danpro-Fibre soybean protein concentrate. The parameters tested were daily glycemia, C-peptides, blood hydrocortisone, and urinary excretion of nitrous metabolites. Indirect calorimetry was used to assess the protein, fat, and carbohydrate oxidation rates at rest. Addition of proteins of a plant origin to the diets of such patients was associated with significant changes of the energy metabolism at rest at the expense of increased oxidation of carbohydrates and reduced protein catabolism, that may be regarded as a favorable effect. In this patient population a 30% soybean diet brings about an almost maximal positive effect in patients with the first degree of obesity, whereas in those with the second degree of obesity such effect is attained by the 45% soybean diet.

[Automated calculation of the RD parameter in euglycemic insulinemic clamp]. / Avtomatizirovannyi raschet parametra RD v éuglikemicheskom insulinemicheskom klémpe.

The authors proposed a new analytical approach to a search for the RD parameter in euglycemic insulinemic clamp which imparts a rate to glucose infusion. Two diabetic patients were investigated (RD parameter in the first case was determined by intuition, and in the second case--on the basis of mathematical iterative formulas). The analytical approach permitted a two-fold reduction of the time of clamp investigation improving its quality.

[Acute respiratory distress syndrome in endotoxic shock]. / Ostryi respiratornyi distress-sindrom pri éndotoksinovom shoke.

Large amounts of lipopolysaccharides released in blood after death of Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for endotoxinemia and endotoxic shock. Endotoxin is eliminated from the body via different routes including the lungs. One of the mechanisms of lipopolysaccharides transport to the lungs, which respond with acute distress syndrome, is their transfer by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.