Plasma cell subtypes analyzed using artificial intelligence algorithm for predicting biochemical recurrence, immune escape potential, and immunotherapy response of prostate cancer.

Background: Plasma cells as an important component of immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in immune escape and are closely related to immune therapy response. However, its role for prostate cancer is rarely understood. In this study, we intend to investigate the value of a new plasma cell molecular subtype for predicting the biochemical recurrence, immune escape and immunotherapy response in prostate cancer. Methods: Gene expression and clinicopathological data were collected from 481 prostate cancer patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas. Then, the immune characteristics of the patients were analyzed based on plasma cell infiltration fractions. The unsupervised clustering based machine learning algorithm was used to identify the molecular subtypes of the plasma cell. And the characteristic genes of plasma cell subtypes were screened out by three types of machine learning models to establish an artificial neural network for predicting plasma cell subtypes. Finally, the prediction artificial neural network of plasma cell infiltration subtypes was validated in an independent cohort of 449 prostate cancer patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Results: The plasma cell fraction in prostate cancer was significantly decreased in tumors with high T stage, high Gleason score and lymph node metastasis. In addition, low plasma cell fraction patients had a higher risk of biochemical recurrence. Based on the differential genes of plasma cells, plasma cell infiltration status of PCa patients were divided into two independent molecular subtypes(subtype 1 and subtype 2). Subtype 1 tends to be immunosuppressive plasma cells infiltrating to the PCa region, with a higher likelihood of biochemical recurrence, more active immune microenvironment, and stronger immune escape potential, leading to a poor response to immunotherapy. Subsequently, 10 characteristic genes of plasma cell subtype were screened out by three machine learning algorithms. Finally, an artificial neural network was constructed by those 10 genes to predict the plasma cell subtype of new patients. This artificial neural network was validated in an independent validation set, and the similar results were gained. Conclusions: Plasma cell infiltration subtypes could provide a potent prognostic predictor for prostate cancer and be an option for potential responders to prostate cancer immunotherapy.

Structural Design and Finite Element Analysis of New Type Posterior Integral Glaucoma Valve / 中国医疗器械杂志

The treatment of refractory Glaucoma is a difficult problem in clinical ophthalmology. For refractory glaucoma patients with hyphema, shallow anterior chamber, anterior conglutination of peripheral chamber angle, corneal endothelium dystrophy or decompensated, at present, there is no effective treatment. In order to solve this problem, a new type posterior integral glaucoma valve with IOP control device was designed using medical titanium alloy, and the valve model was established by Abaqus software, and the stiffness and preload of the valve were analyzed by finite element method. The results showed that the opening and closing of the valve were controlled automatically by the pressure difference between the front and back of the valve, and the opening and flow rate of the valve increase dynamically with the increase of intraocular pressure, and finally reached the set ideal IOP value of steady state.

Modified Anatomic Locking Plate for the Treatment of Posteromedial Tibial Plateau Fractures.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of a modified anatomic locking plate for the treatment of posteromedial tibial plateau fractures. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in our department. Between January 2014 and February 2017, 11 patients with posteromedial tibial plateau fractures underwent surgery with the new anatomic locking plate for the posteromedial tibial plateau via the posteromedial approach. The study included 7 male and 4 female patients, with a mean age at the time of the operation of 39 years. During surgery, operation time and blood loss were recorded. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Tegner-Lysholm functional score, the Rasmussen functional score, and the Rasmussen anatomical score. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time of the study was 35 months. The mean interval between the time of injury and the surgery was 7.4 days. Radiological fracture union was evident in all patients at 14 weeks. During surgery, the blood loss ranged from 50 to 150 mL, and the duration ranged from 55 to 90 min. The Tegner-Lysholm functional score ranged from 80 to 96 at the final follow up. Moreover, the final Rasmussen functional score ranged from 25 to 28, and the Rasmussen anatomical score ranged from 15 to 18. The mean knee arc of motion was 137° (range, 122°-153°). Symptoms of knee instability or severe pain were not found in any cases. No flexion contractures or extensor lag was seen. No infection, deep vein thrombosis, or graft site morbidity was seen at the follow up. No case of reduction loss or internal fixation failure was reported during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: With the clinical data of the small-sample-size population (11 patients) during a 19 to 60-month follow-up, the modified anatomic locking plate for the posteromedial tibial plateau proved to be safe and effective and is an adequate fixation method for the treatment of posteromedial tibial plateau fractures.

Expression of nitric oxide and γ -aminobutyric acid in the retina of two kinds of amblyopia cats / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To study the role of nitric oxide ( NO ) and γ-aminobutyric acid ( GABA) in the formation of amblyopia by establishing 2 different types of amblyopic models.METHODS:A total of 18 aged 3-week kittens were randomly divided into monocular deprivation, strabismus and normal groups. All types of amblyopia were developed in the experimental eyes that were detected by P-VEP 12wk later. The cats were killed and the immunocytochemistry staining method were applied to observe under the light microscope the changes of distribution and positive cells areas of NO and GABA across the amblyopic retinal, compared to that from the normal cats of identical age. RESULTS: The P-VEP showed that the amplitude of wave P1 was lower (P CONCLUSION:The NO and GABA play an important role in the formation of amblyopia in the level of retinal.

Augmented Repair of Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture Using an Allograft Tendon Weaving Technique.

Achilles tendon rupture is a common injury, especially in those who are physically active. Although open surgery is a widely used option for the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture, the optimal treatment is still disputed. In our study, 59 patients with unilateral, closed, acute rupture of the Achilles tendon were treated by open surgery using an allograft weave to augment the repair. All the surgeries were performed within 1 to 4 days after injury. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score was recorded as 91.20 (range 88 to 95), 95.34 (range 92 to 98), and 98.27 (range 97 to 99) at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up visit, respectively. At the final follow-up visit, the mean difference between the mid-calf circumference of the injured and uninjured legs was 0.19 (range -0.03 to 1.50) cm (p = .43). At the final follow-up visit, the mean difference between the vertical distances from the plantar surface of the heel to the ground for the injured and uninjured lower extremities was 0.44 (range -0.03 to 0.5) cm (p = .17). Augmented repair using the allograft tendon weaving technique provided satisfactory tendon strength and functional outcomes and a timely return to the patients' activities.

Retinal morphologic change and related factor analysis in rats with early stage of diabetes mellitus / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The pathological foundation of diabetic retinopathy is the breakdown of the bloodretina barrier induced by multifactors.Objective This study was to investigate the retinal morphologic change and the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),endothelin(ET)and nitric oxide(NO)in diabetic rats.Methods Forty healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group and 20 rats for each group.Acute diabetes models were established by the intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin in experimental group and the equal volume of buffer solution was injected at the same way in the control group.The serum VEGF level,ET level and NO concentration of diabetic and control rats were detected using ELISA double antibody sandwich method,125I radioimmune method and nitrate reduction method respectively at 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after injection.The eyeballs of rats were enucleated at the eighth week for retinal pathologic examination.This experiment followed the Measures for the administration of experimental animals of Shanghai City.Results The retinal structure was normal throughout the experimental duration in the control group.However,retinal edema and cellular disorganization appeared at 4 months and retinal blooding could be seen with the extending of diabetes course.The levels of serum VEGF and ET in each experimental group were significantly higher than those in control groups(P＜0.05).The levels of serum NO elevated in 2-month experimental group compared with same-phase control group(Z =-2.193,P＜0.05),and those in 6-and 8-month experimental groups were significantly lower than in corresponding control groups(Z =-2.449,Z =-2.236,P＜0.05).With the progression of the disease,the levels of VEGF and ET increased gradually,but the levels of NO decreased gradually,showing statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The level of serum VEGF showed a positive correlation with serum ET level and a negative correlation with the serum NO concentration(r=-0.814,r=-0.803,P＜0.01)in the experimental group.A negative leaner relation was also found between serum ET level and serum NO concentration(r=0.821,P＜0.01).Conclusions The serum VEGF,ET and NO levels are closely associated with the degree of retinal lesion in early diabetic models.These results suggest that serum VEGF,ET and NO levels may be the important indexes predicting the course of retinal disease in diabetic rats.

[Study on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the Kazakh population in Xinjiang].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Kazakh population, using the NCEP-ATPIII, CDS, IDF MS standards. METHODS: Questionnaire-based survey, physical examination and blood testing were conducted according to cluster random samplings in Kazakh residents in Xinjiang. 2745 samples were collected and diagnosed by NCEP-ATPIII, CDS, IDF standards to analyze the prevalence, with the distribution of its main components of MS, among the Kazakhs population. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of MS diagnosed by NCEP-ATPIII, CDS, IDF standards were 18.5%, 14.2% and 26.6%, while they became 14.2%, 10.9% and 20.1% after standardized by age. The prevalence of MS diagnosed by NCEP-ATPIII and IDF standard in males were higher than in females, while CDS was in the opposite situation. The prevalence of MS by these three standards increased with age. Among all the main components of MS diagnosed after these three standardization process, the prevalence of obesity, blood pressure rising and the abnormity of HDL-C were rather high. The prevalence of MS main components ≥ 1, ≥ 2, ≥ 3, ≥ 4, 5 ranked the highest compared to the lowest as to the IDF, ATPIII' and CDS diagnostic. standards CONCLUSION: The prevalence rates and gender distribution of MS diagnosed by different standards among Kazakhs were different. The prevalence of IDF standard was the highest, with the IDF standard better than the others in early identifying the risk factors of cardiovascular disease.

Distribution of CCR5-Delta32, CCR5m303A, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A in HIV-1 infected and uninfected high-risk Uighurs in Xinjiang, China.

BACKGROUND: Genetic variants of the genes encoding HIV-1 co-receptors and their ligands, CCR5-Delta32, CCR5m303A, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A, are implicated in the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, and the prevalence of these mutations varies by ethnicity. However, little is known about their distribution in Uighurs. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at characterizing the frequency of these HIV-related gene variants in a high-risk Uighur population. STUDY DESIGNS: A total of 251 HIV-1 seropositive and 238 seronegative high-risk Uighurs were recruited and their genotypes of CCR5-Delta32, CCR5m303A, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A were analyzed by PCR and PCR-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR). RESULTS: The allelic frequency of CCR5-Delta32, CCR5m303A, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A was 4.40%, 2.66%, 25.66% and 57.36%, respectively, in this population. Apparently, the Uighur population has low frequency of CCR5-Delta32 and CCR5m303A, but high frequency of CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A. While there was no significant difference in the frequency of CCR5-Delta32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3' A between HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative groups the frequency of CCR5m303A in HIV-1 seropositive group was significantly higher than that in seronegative group (P=0.006, OR=3.982 and 95%CI 1.514-10.476). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the CCR5-Delta32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A variants may have limited effect on protecting from HIV-1 infection in Uighurs. Rather, the CCR5m303A may be associated with the risk for HIV-1 infection in high-risk Uighurs.

Study on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the Kazakh population in Xinjiang / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Kazakh population, using the NCEP-ATP Ⅲ, CDS, IDF MS standards. Methods Questionnaire-based survey,physical examination and blood testing were conducted according to cluster random samplings in Kazakh residents in Xinjiang. 2745 samples were collected and diagnosed by NCEP-ATP Ⅲ, CDS,IDF standards to analyze the prevalence, with the distribution of its main components of MS, among the Kazakhs population. Results The prevalence rates of MS diagnosed by NCEP-ATP Ⅲ, CDS,IDF standards were 18.5%, 14.2% and 26.6%, while they became 14.2%, 10.9% and 20.1% after standardized by age. The prevalence of MS diagnosed by NCEP-ATP Ⅲ and IDF standard in males were higher than in females, while CDS was in the opposite situtation. The prevalence of MS by these three standards increased with age. Among all the main components of MS diagnosed after these three standardization process, the prevalence of obesity, blood pressure rising and the abnormity of HDL-C were rather high. The prevalence of MS main components ≥1, ≥2, ≥3, ≥4, 5 ranked the highest compared to the lowest as to the IDF, ATP Ⅲ ' and CDS diagnostic. standards Conclusion The prevalence rates and gender distribution of MS diagnosed by different standards among Kazakhs were different. The prevalence of IDF standard was the highest, with the IDF standard better than the others in early identifying the risk factors of cardiovascular disease.

CT manifestations and features of solid cystic tumors of the pancreas.

OBJECTIVE: To study retrospectively the manifestations and characteristics of solid cystic tumor of the pancreas(SCTP)on CT. METHODS: Nine patients with solid cystic tumor of the pancreas underwent resection with pathological and immunohistochemical confirmation. All the patients were female, aged 27.7 years on average at onset of the disease. CT scan was performed in patients with or without intravenous injection of contrast medium; it was also performed in the arterial phase in 4 patients. RESULTS: Solid and cystic structures were observed in tumors of the pancreas. Solid structure demonstrated low or iso-density on unenhanced CT, poor enhancement in the arterial phase and marked enhancement in the portal venous phase on contrast material-enhanced CT. Cystic structure showed low density on both pre- and pro-contrast views. The CT findings of tumors with predominantly cystic or equal proportion of solid and cystic structure: mural nodules for solid structure, "floating cloud" signs, or solid and cystic crossing distributions. Cystic structure of tumors predominately solid presenting as a beading appearance under capsule. In round, oval and completely encapsulated tumors in the pancreas, the greater vessel enhanced with well-defined margins on pro-contrast images. No dilatation was observed of the common bile and pancreatic ducts. CONCLUSION: The characteristics of solid cystic tumor of the pancreas revealed by CT could confirm the diagnosis of the disease in combination with onset age and sex of patients.