Identification of a novel cosavirus species in faeces of children and its relationship with acute gastroenteritis in China.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of human cosavirus (HCosV) in China and to determine the association of a novel HCosV (Cosa-CHN) with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). METHODS: A case-control study with 461 paired stool samples from diarrhoea and healthy children was conducted. Real-time PCR and nested PCR were used to detect the HCosVs. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends was used to obtain the ends of the Cosa-CHN. RESULTS: Known HCosVs were detected in two control samples, while Cosa-CHN was detected in eight (1.7%) and six (1.3%) of the case and control samples respectively. The complete genome of Cosa-CHN comprises 7213 bp. The P1 and P2 regions of the Cosa-CHN were closely related to those of HCosV B, while the P3 region was most similar to that of HCosV D, albeit with low amino acid identities (66 and 67% respectively). Phylogenetic analyses of the polyprotein and partial VP3/VP1 regions indicated that Cosa-CHN could be classified as a novel species (tentatively named HCosV G) in cosavirus. There was no significant difference in detection rate (p 0.59) or mean virus load (p 0.43) of Cosa-CHN between the cases and controls. Statistical analysis revealed no association between Cosa-CHN and AGE (p 0.76), and the virus did not exacerbate clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: A low prevalence of HCosV was detected, but a novel Cosavirus species was found in children with and without gastroenteritis in this study. The evidence did not support a causative role for the novel virus in paediatric AGE.

[The preliminary analysis of chronic rhinosinusitis: clinical phenotypes and inflammation features].

Objective:To explore the clinical phenotypes and inflammatory features of chronic rhinosinusitis in the liminary study.Method:Twenty-five patients suffered with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and 23 patients suffered with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) were enrolled in our study. Analysis was made in clinical features of the two types, including symptoms with VAS score, nasal endoscopy with Lanza-Kennedy score,and nasal sinus CT with Lund-Mackay score. Eosinophil and neutrophil distribution of lesions in the two groups were compared, inflammatory markers expression of interleukin (IL-5), interleukin-17(IL-17) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were assessed.Result:The VAS score of nasal obstruction, nasal endoscopic score and CT score were significantly higher in patients with CRSwNP than that in patients with CRSsNP (P< 0.05). HE staining showed that the lesions in patients with type two were infiltrated by mixed inflammatory cells. 41% (10 cases) out of patients with CRSwNP were mainly with eosinophils infiltration and 59% (15 cases) with neutrophil infiltration. 78%(18 cases) out of patients with CRSsNP were with eosinophilic infiltration and 22% (5 cases) with neutrophil infiltration. The expression of inflammatory factors IL-5, IL-17 and IFN in patients with CRSwNP was significantly increased compared with that in patients with CRSsNP (P< 0.05).Conclusion:The clinical manifestation and the degree of inflammation of patients with CRSwNP are more severe than that of patients with CRSsNP. Lesions in both groups are infiltrated by mixed inflammatory cells.