RESUMO
Genomic DNA extracted from animal cells can be used for several purposes, for example, to know genetic variability and genetic relationships between individuals, breeds and/or species, paternity tests, to describe the genetic profile for registration of the animal at association of breeders, detect genetic polymorphisms (SNP) related to characteristics of commercial interest, disease diagnose, assess resistance or susceptibility to pathogens, etc. For such evaluations, in general, DNA is amplified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction), and then subjected to various techniques as RFLP (restriction fragments length polymorphism), SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism), and sequencing. The DNA may be obtained from blood, buccal swabs, meat, cartilage or hair bulb. Among all, the last biological material has been preferred by farmers for its ease acquisition. Several methods for extracting DNA from hair bulb were reported without any consensus for its implementation. This study aimed to optimize a protocol for efficient DNA extraction for use in PCR-RFLP analysis of the Prion gene. For this study, were collected hair samples containing hair bulb from 131 Santa Inês sheep belonging to the Institute of Zootechny, Nova Odessa - SP. Two DNA extraction protocols were evaluated. The first, called phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (PCIA) has long been used by Animal Genetic Laborator
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
Genomic DNA extracted from animal cells can be used for several purposes, for example, to know genetic variability and genetic relationships between individuals, breeds and/or species, paternity tests, to describe the genetic profile for registration of the animal at association of breeders, detect genetic polymorphisms (SNP) related to characteristics of commercial interest, disease diagnose, assess resistance or susceptibility to pathogens, etc. For such evaluations, in general, DNA is amplified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction), and then subjected to various techniques as RFLP (restriction fragments length polymorphism), SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism), and sequencing. The DNA may be obtained from blood, buccal swabs, meat, cartilage or hair bulb. Among all, the last biological material has been preferred by farmers for its ease acquisition. Several methods for extracting DNA from hair bulb were reported without any consensus for its implementation. This study aimed to optimize a protocol for efficient DNA extraction for use in PCR-RFLP analysis of the Prion gene. For this study, were collected hair samples containing hair bulb from 131 Santa Inês sheep belonging to the Institute of Zootechny, Nova Odessa - SP. Two DNA extraction protocols were evaluated. The first, called phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (PCIA) has long been used by Animal Genetic Laborator
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
With advances in molecular genetics have been possible to predict the genetic value of the animal, in particular its potential to transmit desired characters to their offspring, including characters difficult to evaluate or with low heritability, as is the case of the meat tenderization. It is known that Bos taurus indicus features differences in meat tenderization, being assigned this variability to their lowest proteolysis post-mortem, as result of high activity of calpastatin. This inhibitor decreases the activity of calpain, which are the enzymes responsible for the degradation of muscle fibers during the maturation of the meat. Moreover, there were previously observed differences in the frequencies of allele A of calpain among European breeds (Hereford, Aberdeen Angus and Holstein) and Bos taurus indicus (Gir, Guzerá and Nelore). This variability has been related to tenderness of meat, as cattle with Bos taurus taurus origin have more tender meat than Bos taurus indicus, showing small values of shear force. One explanation is that the Capn2A product could confer greater proteolytic activity than the encoded by the allele Capn2B. If allele A is associated with tender meat, it will be possible the early identification of the animals that have the potential to produce meat with qualities that attend the needs of the consumer market, in order to add economic value to the final
O artigo não apresenta resumo.
RESUMO
With advances in molecular genetics have been possible to predict the genetic value of the animal, in particular its potential to transmit desired characters to their offspring, including characters difficult to evaluate or with low heritability, as is the case of the meat tenderization. It is known that Bos taurus indicus features differences in meat tenderization, being assigned this variability to their lowest proteolysis post-mortem, as result of high activity of calpastatin. This inhibitor decreases the activity of calpain, which are the enzymes responsible for the degradation of muscle fibers during the maturation of the meat. Moreover, there were previously observed differences in the frequencies of allele A of calpain among European breeds (Hereford, Aberdeen Angus and Holstein) and Bos taurus indicus (Gir, Guzerá and Nelore). This variability has been related to tenderness of meat, as cattle with Bos taurus taurus origin have more tender meat than Bos taurus indicus, showing small values of shear force. One explanation is that the Capn2A product could confer greater proteolytic activity than the encoded by the allele Capn2B. If allele A is associated with tender meat, it will be possible the early identification of the animals that have the potential to produce meat with qualities that attend the needs of the consumer market, in order to add economic value to the final
O artigo não apresenta resumo.
RESUMO
The Mantiqueira cattle has recently been considered a Brazilian native breed, resultant from one of the selection programs of the Instituto de Zootecnia for milk production on pasture. The characterization of genetic variability was accomplished by electrophoretic analysis of proteins. Some loci were chosen for showing alleles which appeared in specific frequencies or exclusive alleles in breeds belonging to groups Bos indicus and Bos taurus , such as CaZ, Pep-B1 e AlbC and alleles CaF e Pep-B3, respectively. To the Mantiqueira herd the respective frequencies of alleles HbA, HbB, CaS, CaF, Pep-B1, Pep-B2, Pep-B3 Am-I B, Am-Ic, AlbA , A!bB, TfA TfD and TfE were 0.962 ± 0.013 and 0.038 ± 0.013; 0.890 ± 0.022 and 0.110 ± 0.022; 0.118 ± 0.023, 0.818 ± 0.026 and 0.064 ± 0.015; 0.547 ± 0.033 and 0.453 ± 0.033; 0.897 ± 0.021 and 0.103 ± 0.021; 0.256 ± 0.029, 0.573 ± 0.030 and 0.171 ± 0.024. The values of P, PA, Ap e H, that express the genetic variability in the loci Hb, CA, Pep-B, PGD, SOD, Am-I, Alb and Tf were the following: 0.750; 0.8890; 2.3 and 0.1814 ± 0.0683. These high values obtained from Mantiqueira herd when compared to European breeds suggest that this herd displays a remarkable potential for selection and improvement programs. Besides, the non occurrence of specific zebu alleles in the studied herd suggest that, if existed, they were replaced by Holstein aleles many deca
O bovino Mantiqueira é atualmente considerado uma raça nativa brasileira, resultante de um dos programas de seleção do Instituto de Zootecnia para produção de leite a pasto. A caracterização da variabilidade foi realizada através de análises eletroforéticas. Alguns sistemas protéicos foram escolhidos por apresentarem determinados alelos que ocorrem em freqüências específicas, ou alelos exclusivos de raças pertencentes aos grupos Bos indicus eBos taurus, tais como os alelos Caz e Albc e os alelos Caf e Pep-B3, respectivamente. Para o rebanho Mantiqueira, as respectivas freqüências dos alelos HbA, Hbh, Cas, Caf, Pep- B1, Pep-B2, Pep-B3, Am-IB, Am-Ic, AlbA , AlbB, TfA, TfD TfEforam 0,962 ± 0,013 e 0,038 ± 0,013; 0,890 ± 0,022 e 0,110 ± 0,022; 0,118 ± 0,023, 0,818 ± 0,026 e 0,064 ± 0,015; 0,547 ± 0,033 e 0,453 ± 0,033; 0,897 ± 0,021 e 0,103 ± 0,021; 0,256 ± 0,029; 0,573 ± 0,030 e 0,171 ± 0,024. Os valores de P, Pa, Ap e H, que expressam a variabilidade genética existente nos Iocos da Hb, CA, Pep-B, PGD, SOD, Am-I, Alb e Tf, foram os seguintes: 0,750; 0,8890; 2,3 e 0,1814 ± 0,0683. Esses altos valores obtidos no rebanho Mantiqueira, quando comparados com as raças européias, sugerem que esse rebanho apresenta um grande potencial para programas de seleção e melhoramento. Além disso, a não ocorrência de alelos específicos zebuínos no rebanho estudado sugere que, se originalmente presen
RESUMO
The Mantiqueira cattle has recently been considered a Brazilian native breed, resultant from one of the selection programs of the Instituto de Zootecnia for milk production on pasture. The characterization of genetic variability was accomplished by electrophoretic analysis of proteins. Some loci were chosen for showing alleles which appeared in specific frequencies or exclusive alleles in breeds belonging to groups Bos indicus and Bos taurus , such as CaZ, Pep-B1 e AlbC and alleles CaF e Pep-B3, respectively. To the Mantiqueira herd the respective frequencies of alleles HbA, HbB, CaS, CaF, Pep-B1, Pep-B2, Pep-B3 Am-I B, Am-Ic, AlbA , A!bB, TfA TfD and TfE were 0.962 ± 0.013 and 0.038 ± 0.013; 0.890 ± 0.022 and 0.110 ± 0.022; 0.118 ± 0.023, 0.818 ± 0.026 and 0.064 ± 0.015; 0.547 ± 0.033 and 0.453 ± 0.033; 0.897 ± 0.021 and 0.103 ± 0.021; 0.256 ± 0.029, 0.573 ± 0.030 and 0.171 ± 0.024. The values of P, PA, Ap e H, that express the genetic variability in the loci Hb, CA, Pep-B, PGD, SOD, Am-I, Alb and Tf were the following: 0.750; 0.8890; 2.3 and 0.1814 ± 0.0683. These high values obtained from Mantiqueira herd when compared to European breeds suggest that this herd displays a remarkable potential for selection and improvement programs. Besides, the non occurrence of specific zebu alleles in the studied herd suggest that, if existed, they were replaced by Holstein aleles many deca
O bovino Mantiqueira é atualmente considerado uma raça nativa brasileira, resultante de um dos programas de seleção do Instituto de Zootecnia para produção de leite a pasto. A caracterização da variabilidade foi realizada através de análises eletroforéticas. Alguns sistemas protéicos foram escolhidos por apresentarem determinados alelos que ocorrem em freqüências específicas, ou alelos exclusivos de raças pertencentes aos grupos Bos indicus eBos taurus, tais como os alelos Caz e Albc e os alelos Caf e Pep-B3, respectivamente. Para o rebanho Mantiqueira, as respectivas freqüências dos alelos HbA, Hbh, Cas, Caf, Pep- B1, Pep-B2, Pep-B3, Am-IB, Am-Ic, AlbA , AlbB, TfA, TfD TfEforam 0,962 ± 0,013 e 0,038 ± 0,013; 0,890 ± 0,022 e 0,110 ± 0,022; 0,118 ± 0,023, 0,818 ± 0,026 e 0,064 ± 0,015; 0,547 ± 0,033 e 0,453 ± 0,033; 0,897 ± 0,021 e 0,103 ± 0,021; 0,256 ± 0,029; 0,573 ± 0,030 e 0,171 ± 0,024. Os valores de P, Pa, Ap e H, que expressam a variabilidade genética existente nos Iocos da Hb, CA, Pep-B, PGD, SOD, Am-I, Alb e Tf, foram os seguintes: 0,750; 0,8890; 2,3 e 0,1814 ± 0,0683. Esses altos valores obtidos no rebanho Mantiqueira, quando comparados com as raças européias, sugerem que esse rebanho apresenta um grande potencial para programas de seleção e melhoramento. Além disso, a não ocorrência de alelos específicos zebuínos no rebanho estudado sugere que, se originalmente presen
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the racial composition of the Mantiqueira herd, belonging to Estação Experimental de Zootecnia de Pindamonhangaba. The estimation of the racial admixture was achieved by MISTURA2 and MISTURA3 programs contained in GENIOC, that adopts the Maximum Likelihood Method. The genic frequencies for Hb, CA, Pep-B, Ain-I, Tf and Alb obtained from Holstein, Caracu Caldeano, and Gir breeds and the respective number of phenotypes observed in the Mantiqueira herd, were utilized for this purpose. In accordance with historical records that indicate an hybrid origin of the Mantiqueira cattle, these breeds were employed as possible ancestral of this cattle. The results suggest that the genomic constitution of Mantiqueira herd is approximately 52% of genes from Holstein and 48% from Caracu. Nevertheless, we may raise the hvpothesis that Spanish breeds also contributed to the Mantiqueira herd, because of the occurrence of the allele Pep-B3, that is possibly a genetic marker of those breeds.
No presente estudo, foi estimada a composição racial do rebanho Mantiqueira, pertencente à Estação Experimental de Zootecnia de Pindamonhangaba, empregando-se os programas MISTURA2 e MISTURA3, contidos no GENIOC, que adota o método de Verossimilhança Máxima. Para isso, foram utilizadas as freqüências gênicas dos locos Hb, CA, Pep-B, Am-I, Tf e Alb, obtidas nas raças Holandesa, Caracu Caldeano e Gir e os respectivos números de fenótipos observados no rebanho Mantiqueira. Com base nos relatos históricos que apontam uma origem híbrida do gado Mantiqueira, essas raças foram estudadas, como possíveis ancestrais desses bovinos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a constituição genômica do rebanho Mantiqueira é de aproximadamente 52% de genes oriundos de bovinos Holandeses e 48% de bovinos Caracu. Entretanto, não descartamos a hipótese de que na formação desse rebanho Mantiqueira, também tenha havido a participação de raças espanholas, devido à ocorrência do alelo Pep-B3 que acreditamos ser marcador dessas raças.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the racial composition of the Mantiqueira herd, belonging to Estação Experimental de Zootecnia de Pindamonhangaba. The estimation of the racial admixture was achieved by MISTURA2 and MISTURA3 programs contained in GENIOC, that adopts the Maximum Likelihood Method. The genic frequencies for Hb, CA, Pep-B, Ain-I, Tf and Alb obtained from Holstein, Caracu Caldeano, and Gir breeds and the respective number of phenotypes observed in the Mantiqueira herd, were utilized for this purpose. In accordance with historical records that indicate an hybrid origin of the Mantiqueira cattle, these breeds were employed as possible ancestral of this cattle. The results suggest that the genomic constitution of Mantiqueira herd is approximately 52% of genes from Holstein and 48% from Caracu. Nevertheless, we may raise the hvpothesis that Spanish breeds also contributed to the Mantiqueira herd, because of the occurrence of the allele Pep-B3, that is possibly a genetic marker of those breeds.
No presente estudo, foi estimada a composição racial do rebanho Mantiqueira, pertencente à Estação Experimental de Zootecnia de Pindamonhangaba, empregando-se os programas MISTURA2 e MISTURA3, contidos no GENIOC, que adota o método de Verossimilhança Máxima. Para isso, foram utilizadas as freqüências gênicas dos locos Hb, CA, Pep-B, Am-I, Tf e Alb, obtidas nas raças Holandesa, Caracu Caldeano e Gir e os respectivos números de fenótipos observados no rebanho Mantiqueira. Com base nos relatos históricos que apontam uma origem híbrida do gado Mantiqueira, essas raças foram estudadas, como possíveis ancestrais desses bovinos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a constituição genômica do rebanho Mantiqueira é de aproximadamente 52% de genes oriundos de bovinos Holandeses e 48% de bovinos Caracu. Entretanto, não descartamos a hipótese de que na formação desse rebanho Mantiqueira, também tenha havido a participação de raças espanholas, devido à ocorrência do alelo Pep-B3 que acreditamos ser marcador dessas raças.