Kidney transplantation in prostate cancer patients after local therapy with curative intent: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: It is still unclear whether kidney transplantation can be safely performed in patients with prostate cancer after local therapy with curative intent. METHODS: The protocol was registered in PROSPERO. We systematically searched Google, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and the ICTRP for studies, official standards, clinical practice guidelines and organ transplant laws. Two review authors independently examined the full-text reports and identified relevant studies and one review author extracted the data. We assessed the overall certainty of the evidence for each outcome according to the GRADE approach. RESULTS: We identified 1346 references through electronic database searching and finally included 6 references for official standards, clinical practice guidelines, and organ transplant laws, and 6 references for retrospective studies with very low certainty of evidence. We identified no prospective or ongoing studies and reported all results narratively. CONCLUSION: We recommend that decisions on kidney transplantation in patients with prostate cancer after local therapy with curative intent should be made on a case-by-case basis. It is indispensable to consult with health care professionals or specialists at transplant centers to obtain individualized information regarding the waiting time requirements for renal transplantation in prostate cancer patients after local therapy with curative intent. No recommendation can be made regarding the waiting times after prostate cancer therapy with curative intent.

[Renal transplantation in urinary diversions]. / Nierentransplantation in Harnableitungen.

Renal transplantations in augmented bladders or urinary diversions are rare, accounting for only 1-2% of all renal transplantations. In most cases a dysfunctional lower urinary tract is the cause of end-stage renal disease in these patients; therefore recovery of the lower urinary tract is mandatory for long-term graft survival. Usually, urinary diversion is timed several months prior to renal transplantation. Beside renal transplantations into an ileum conduit, renal transplantations in continent urinary diversions have become increasingly popular. The most frequent complications are bacteriuria and urinary tract infections, which usually do not lead to graft loss when treated correctly with antibiotics. Long-term outcome of renal transplantations in urinary diversions is comparable to transplantations in healthy native bladders.

[Stability of the "amok runner syndrome"]. / Zur Stabilität des "Amokläufer"-Syndroms.

BACKGROUND: Running amok is considered a rare but dangerous act of violence which has been investigated predominantly on a case by case basis. German-wide data on amok cases covering the decades 1980 - 1989 and 1991 - 2000 were used to perform the first epidemiological study world-wide on the stability of socio-demographic, criminological and psychiatric variables of amok behaviour. METHODS: A content analysis study on nation-wide press reports of amok cases included a total of 104 subjects who were identified by combined homicidal-suicidal acts of violence and fulfilled structured criteria originally defined according to former Malayan amok events. RESULTS: Amok cases in both decades were comparable except for the significant increase of weapon use, especially of firearms. Total prevalence showed a tendency to decline from 1 : 5.5 million to 1 : 8.5 million men per year, females were involved in rare single cases only. The male offenders showed a bimodal age distribution with a mean of 35 years. They were professionally well qualified, but had a 5 - 7fold higher risk of unemployment than the normal population. Motives and reasons for running amok were serious but not unusual, they varied widely and addressed all areas of daily life. Most offenders were characterized by abnormal personality patterns such as passive, aggressive, impulsive and paranoid and were in possession of firearms and previously convicted. Psychiatric diseases such as psychosis, paranoia, depression or personality disorders were present in more than 50 % of cases; further 20 % were intoxicated. The presence of psychiatric disorders influenced patterns of violent behaviour in individual subjects. Victims were predominantly unknown to the offenders. Close to one third of the amok runners committed suicide or were killed by legal authorities. CONCLUSION: Amok represents a temporarily stable syndrome of extreme violent behaviour even in modern industrialized societies. Subjects exhibit a complex combination of serious causative motives, social burden and psychiatric diseases which do not explain common causes of amok rather than the origin of amok behaviour in individual cases. Amok joins the wide spectrum of human homicidal-suicidal acts which show similarities in many aspects.

Inhibition by light of CO(2) evolution from dark respiration: Comparison of two gas exchange methods.

Two approaches to determine the fraction (mu) of mitochondrial respiration sustained during illumination by measuring CO(2) gas exchange are compared. In single leaves, the respiration rate in the light ('day respiration' rate R(d)) is determined as the ordinate of the intersection point of A-c(i) curves at various photon flux densities and compared with the CO(2) evolution rate in darkness ('night respiration' rate R(n)). Alternatively, using leaves with varying values of CO(2) compensation concentration (Gamma), intracellular resistance (r(i)) and R(n), an average number for mu can be derived from the linear regression between Gamma and the product r(i)cR(n). Both methods also result in a number c* for that intercellular CO(2) concentration at which net CO(2) uptake rate is equal to -R(d). c* is an approximate value of the photocompensation point Gamma* (Gamma in the absence of mitochondrial respiration), which is related to the CO(2)/O(2) specificity factor of Rubisco S(c/o). The presuppositions and limitations for application of both approaches are discussed. In leaves of Nicotiana tabacum, at 22 degrees C, single leaf measurements resulted in mean values of mu = 0.71 and c(*) = 34 mumol mol(-1). At the photosynthetically active photon flux density of 960 mumol quanta m(-2) s(-1), nearly the same numbers were derived from the linear relationship between Gamma and r(i)cR(n). c* and R(d) determined by single leaf measurements varied between 31 and 41 mumol mol(-1) and between 0.37 and 1.22 mumol m(-2) s(-1), respectively. A highly significant negative correlation between c* and R(d) was found. From the regression equation we obtained estimates for Gamma* (39 mumol mol(-1)), S(c/o) (96.5 mol mol(-1)) and the mesophyll CO(2) transfer resistance (7.0 mol(-1) m(2) s).

[Porokeratosis linearis unilateralis (linear porokeratosis)]. / Porokeratosis linearis unilateralis (Linear porokeratosis).

A case of linear porokeratosis is reported. This rare disease is described and the different entities that can be grouped under the term porokeratosis are discussed.

[Groenblad-Strandberg syndrome]. / Groenblad-Strandberg-Syndrom.

On the basis of medical history and clinical findings of two affected soldiers, we discuss Strandberg syndrome with regard to clinical symptomatology, pathogenesis, hereditary behaviour, differential diagnosis and prognosis. Electron optical as well as histological studies and HLA-type are presented.