RESUMO
We hypothesized that mandibular cortical width (MCW) is smaller in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) than in healthy children and that pamidronate can improve the cortical mandibular thickness. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the MCW on dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of children with normal bone mineral density (BMD) and with OI. We also compared the MCW of children with different types of OI regarding the number of pamidronate cycles and age at the beginning of treatment. MCW measurements were retrospectively obtained from 197 DPRs of 66 children with OI types I, III, and IV who were in treatment with a comparable dosage of cyclical intravenous pamidronate between 2007 and 2013. The control group had 92 DPRs from normal BMD children. Factorial analysis of variance was used to compare MCW measurements among different age groups and between sexes and also to compare MCW measurements of children with different types of OI among different pamidronate cycles and age at the beginning of treatment. No significant differences in results were found between male and female subjects in both OI and healthy children, so they were evaluated altogether (P > 0.05). There was an increase of MCW values related to aging in all normal BMD and OI children but on a smaller scale in children with OI types I and III. Children with OI presented lower mean MCW values than did children with normal BMD at the beginning of treatment (P < 0.05). A linear model estimated the number of pamidronate cycles necessary to achieve mean MCW values equivalent to those of healthy children. The thinning of the mandibular cortex depended on the number of pamidronate cycles, the type of OI, and the age at the beginning of treatment. DPRs could thus provide a way to identify cyclic pamidronate treatment outcomes in patients with OI.
Assuntos
Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Difosfonatos/uso terapêutico , Mandíbula/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteogênese Imperfeita/tratamento farmacológico , Absorciometria de Fóton/métodos , Administração Intravenosa , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/administração & dosagem , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cefalometria/métodos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Difosfonatos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Masculino , Pamidronato , Radiografia Panorâmica/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
O desenvolvimento de formulações para aplicação na pele é uma estratégia interessante para transportar fármacos cuja ação é a própria pele, representando uma alternativa para superar aspectos indesejados relacionados às características farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas dos fármacos. No entanto, a pele apresenta camadas que formam uma barreira à penetração de fármacos. Desse modo, estratégias têm sido pesquisadas e os modernos estudos farmacêuticos apontam para o uso de métodos físicos e químicos, norteados no desenvolvimento de novas formas farmacêuticas, as quais devem apresentar propriedades físico-químicas e parâmetros farmacotécnicos adequados para o uso transdérmico.
The development of formulations for skin application is a good strategy for the delivery of drugs whose target is the skin itself, which avoids some unwanted effects of treatment arising from the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs. However, the skin has layers that resist the penetration of drugs. Thus, new strategies have been researched and the latest pharmaceutical studies point to the use of physical and chemical methods aimed at the development of new drug delivery systems, exhibiting physicochemical properties and pharmaceutical parameters suitable for transdermal administration.
