[Evaluation of the benefits brought by pregnancy planning in type 1 diabetes mellitus]. / Evaluation du bénéfice apporté par la programmation de la grossesse dans le diabète sucré de type 1.

Fetal mortality and morbidity remain dramatically increased in diabetic women. To evaluate the benefit of a preconceptional education combined with a good metabolic control, we compared the outcome of pregnancy in 2 groups of type I diabetic women: group A (n = 21) planned before conception versus group B (n = 40) not planned. Both groups were similar related to the type and duration of diabetes, its complications, age, body mass index and different factors of risk. In group A, HbA1C levels were < or = 3 SD of the normal mean of non diabetic values before conception and during the pregnancy course and > or = 3 SD in group B. We observed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of the main adverse events regarding fetus outcome (fetal, perinatal and neonatal mortality, malformations) and obstetrical complications in the planned group. These data lead to the need of an extensive policy of early planification of pregnancy in diabetic women.