[Analysis of results of certification of bacteriologists in Georgia and the ways of its optimization].

Analysis of the certification of bacteriologists in Georgia (234 specialists) has shown that 164 specialists (90-100%) passed the certificate examination with high and excellent scores. It indicates to the importance of expansion of test-questionnaires as well as their complication by 8.8%-9.4%. Specialists with low, average and good progress in studies showed almost the same scores (75-80%). All together it makes 26% of those who did not pass the examination. According to subjects, most specialists make mistakes in general microbiology, especially in morphology and physiology of microbes, practical skills, there are a lot of mistakes in special microbiology, especially in diagnostics of infections caused by anaerobes and hemofil. Most specialists poorly managed questions in immunology, clinical microbiology and quality of laboratory researchers. Our data should be important for the further adaptation and modernization of certificate test-questionnaires.

The method of melanocytes isolation.

To judge the therapeutic value and evaluate the mechanism of action of this specific transplantation procedure we have performed an isolation of the melanocytes in experiment on the hens. The black hens (n=5), 3-5 kg of body weight were used in experimental study. Hens were housed in standard laboratory conditions under 12-hr day-night cycles with provision of pelleted diet and water ad libitum. All hens received care according to institutional guidelines. Using a hand dermatome, a shave biopsy specimen of approximately 2 cm2 was taken from the hens' normally pigmented region under local anesthesia (lidocaine hydrochloride, 20 mg/mL). The wound was covered with a transparent occlusive bandage (4 cm x 4 cm) and secured with gauze and adhesive tape. The melanocytes suspension have been obtained by fermentative digestion.

Immune status during fracture of lower jaw.

Immune status during fracture of lower jaw is a very important factor of pathogenesis. Immune depression is developing shortly after the trauma and it turns out to be a bad prognostic sign, during which the risk of developing the bone wound complications and traumatic osteomyelitis increase, and in case of absence of such complications we are faced with significant extension of a term of healing of bone wounds. We have carried out immune studies in 20 patients with lower jaw fractures. To study SlgA and lysozyme activity we took saliva and studied percentage of T- and B-lymphocytes (and their sub-populations) in blood by the use of micro method. Immunoglobulins were defined by the method of radial immuno diffusion; we determined the interferon system by in vitro stimulation of leucocytes; neutrophilic phagocyte activity was studied by the method of Kost U.A. and Stepko M.I. According to the obtained results, during fractures of lower jaw sharp decrease of interferon system and significant decrease of phagocyte activity was observed. Likewise was decreased lysozyme and SlgA indices, which refer to the depression of immune status of mouth cavity. From the cell immunity indices the decrease of T-activators and T-helpers and reduction of immunoregulation index should be emphasized. Quantity of B-lymphocytes was decreased by 10%. With the practical point of view the obtained results refer, alongside with carrying out the surgical, orthopedic and anti-microbial treatments, to the urgency of application of activators of phagocytosis, interferon and lysozyme immunomodulators. With the view of correction of cell immunity it is necessary to correct factors of T-lymphocytes and to increase activity of SigA and lysozyme, as the factors determining local resistance. The results obtained by us are rather important with the view of both immunology and applied, practical medicine. It enables us to lead the substantiated immune therapy, which will be harmonized with other etiotropic anti microbial therapy and will help us to improve significantly the results of anti-inflammation therapy and to decrease cases of purulent complications.

[Sensitivity and resistance of aerobic bacteria isolated from patients with periodontitis towards antibiotics and bacteriophages (comparative analysis)].

In order to examine sensitivity and resistance of isolated aerobic bacteria from periodontitis materials towards antibiotics and bacteriophages, there has been studied exudations taken from 737 patients' periodontic pockets or the tissue taken from curettage. According to the rate of identified microorganisms, they have been arranged as follows: S. epidermidis 39,34+/-1,56%; S. pyogenes 18,84+/-1,25%; M. catarrhalis 17,09+/-1,2%; S. aureus 10,71+/-0,99%; E.coli-5,66+/-0,74%; Diphtheroids in 1,13+/-0,33%; S. Mucilaginosus 1,02+/-0,32%, proteus vulgaris - 0,72+/-0,27%; H. parainfluenzae - 0,72+/-0,27%; S. intermedium 0,61+/-0,24%; P. aeruginosa - 0,61+/-0,24%; H. influenzae - 0,51+/-0,22%, S. saprophiticus - 0,51+/-0,22%; S. viridans - 0,51+/-0,22%; S. pneumoniae - 0,41+/-0,2%; K. pneumoniae - 0,41+/-0,22%; S. haemoliticus - 0,41+/-0,2%; B. adolescentics - 0,3+/-0,17%; L. acidophilus -0,3+/-0,17%; S. salivarius-0,1+/-0,1%. It has been stated that percentage of polyresistant strains is growing. While having aerobic infections of periodontitis, kefzol, cephazolin, cephamezin, zinaceph, klaphoran, cephdazidim (cephalosporins I, II, II generation); tetracycline, doxycycline, (tetracyclines); 5-noks, cyprophloxacyne (chinolons I, II generation); ryphamphcyne (rymphamicynes); but standby medicines may be also considered: penicillin G, procaine penicillin (penicillines); streptomycin, kanamicin, gentamicin (aminoglycosides); lincomycin, clindamycin, (lincosamides); eritromycin, macropen (macrolides); chloramphenicol. Since the resistance of microbial strains was not developed towards bacteriophages during the treatment it is considerable to apply simultaneously the bacteriophages and standby antibiotics.

Immune status during odontogeneous abscesses and phlegmonas.

Odontogeneous abscesses and phlegmonas are considered as one of the most urgent problems for stomatology. By its localization and complications the patients suffering from this pathology clearly show weakening of protective mechanisms of organism. By the use of modern methods of immunologic research we studied the nonspecific, cell, humoral and specific immune status. Study of immune status proved drastic decrease in nonspecific resistance indices, namely complete phagocytosis, total number of phagocytosis and phagocytosis index, as well as decreased alpha and beta interferon concentration. Cell immunity indices show decrease of number of T-effectors, T-helpers, T-lymphocytes and T-suppressors. Study of humoral immune status proved insignificant decrease of B-lymphocytes, Ig G, Ig M and Ig A. Serologic studies showed many-fold increase of concentration of anti-staphylococcus antibodies and presence of alpha -toxin (alpha -toxin must be absent in the norm). The results obtained by us refer to necessity of carrying out therapy with immune modulators alongside with the etiologic treatment of this pathology.

Role of intracellular infections in premature childbirth.

Vaginal Smear taken by sterile Folkman spoon from 15 women with premature birth was studied. The study was performed by the direct immune fluorescence method with the luminescence microscope. We aimed to study the effect of intracellular infections: ureaplasma urealitikum, mycoplasma hominis, Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus of I and II type and cytomegalovirus. Intracellular infections were detected in at about 82% of cases, which included mono infections with cytomegalovirus and in 9 cases in the form of bi-component associations. The obtained results may be interesting from the etiologic point of view of premature births in Georgian population.