Diseño, elaboración y características sensoriales de un alimento para tercera edad / Formulation, elaboration and sensory trialsof a food product for thirdage

Las poblaciones añosas precisan alimentos con una densidad nutricional que cubra las necesidades. Se diseñó un alimento para proporcionar 30% de las necesidades diarias de energía, incrementando el aporte de proteínas, ácidos grasos esenciales y vitaminas A, D y E; se evaluaron sus características sensoriales y aceptabilidad. Métodos: Se elaboró un budín experimental, utilizando harinas de trigo, lino y soja semidesengrasadas, aceites de maíz y oliva, mantequilla, ovoalbúmina, azúcar y una mezcla de vitaminas formulada para mejorar las ingestas de A, D y E. Se determinó: composición centesimal, ácidos grasos, vitaminas A y E. Ensayos sensoriales: Análisis Descriptivo Cuantitativo (QDA) y Aceptabilidad por parte de los consumidores. Resultados: El consumo diario de 140g aporta 27% de los requerimientos energéticos, 9.4g de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (relación Y3/Y6:1/7), 38% de los requerimientos de proteínas, 64% de las Ingestas Recomendadas de vitamina A y 100% de vitaminas D y E. Tanto los descriptores significativos del QDA como los datos de aceptabilidad por parte de los consumidores arrojaron resultados satisfactorios para el producto elaborado. Conclusiones: Se logró un alimento que incrementó el aporte de proteínas, ácidos grasos esenciales, vitaminas A, D y E, resultando sensorialmente aceptable (AU)

The elderly population requires nutrient dense foods to meet their needs. A food was designed to provide 30% of the daily requirements for energy, increasing the intake of proteins, essential fatty acids and A, D, E vitamins; evaluating sensory and acceptance characteristics. Methods: an experimental pudding was elaborated using whe at flour, flax flour and partially fat reduced soy flour, corn and olive oils, butter, ovoalbumin, sugar and a vitamin mix to increase the intake of vitamins A, D and E. Percentage composition, fatty acids, vitamins A and E were assessed. Sensory trials were conducted: quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), to characterize the main sensory attributes and sensory acceptability, which quantifies the acceptability by consumers. Results: A serving size of 140g provides 27% of energy requirements, 38% of protein requirements, 9.4 g of polyunsaturated fatty acids (Y3/Y6 ratio of 1/7), 64% of dietary recommended intakes for vitamin A and 100% RDI for vitamin E. The sensory trials were able to characterize the main sensory attributes and good sensory acceptability by consumers. Conclusions: The product designed increased the intake of protein, lipids, essential fatty acids and vitamins A, D and E. The good sensory attributes confirmed the acceptability by consumers (AU)

Feasibility of salt reduction in processed foods in Argentina.

OBJECTIVE: To assess an intervention to reduce salt intake based on an agreement with the food industry. METHODS: Salt content was measured in bakery products through a national survey and biochemical analyses. Low-salt bread was evaluated by a panel of taste testers to determine whether a reduced salt bread could remain undetected. French bread accounts for 25% of the total salt intake in Argentina; hence, reducing its salt concentration from 2% to 1.4% was proposed and tested. A crossover trial was conducted to evaluate the reduction in urinary sodium and blood pressure in participants during consumption of the low-salt bread compared with ordinary bread. RESULTS: Average salt content in bread was 2%. This study evaluated low-salt bread containing 1.4% salt. This reduction remained mostly undetected by the panels of taste testers. In the crossover trial, which included 58 participants, a reduction of 25 milliequivalents in 24 hour urine sodium excretion, a reduction in systolic blood pressure of 1.66 mmHg, and a reduction in diastolic blood pressure of 0.76 mmHg were found during the low-salt bread intake. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that dietary salt reduction was feasible and well accepted in the population studied through a reduction of salt content in bread. Although the effects on urinary sodium and blood pressure were moderate, a country wide intervention could have a greater public health impact.

Feasibility of salt reduction in processed foods in Argentina / Factibilidad de reducir el contenido de sal de los alimentos procesados en la Argentina

OBJECTIVE: To assess an intervention to reduce salt intake based on an agreement with the food industry. METHODS: Salt content was measured in bakery products through a national survey and biochemical analyses. Low-salt bread was evaluated by a panel of taste testers to determine whether a reduced salt bread could remain undetected. French bread accounts for 25 percent of the total salt intake in Argentina; hence, reducing its salt concentration from 2 percent to 1.4 percent was proposed and tested. A crossover trial was conducted to evaluate the reduction in urinary sodium and blood pressure in participants during consumption of the low-salt bread compared with ordinary bread. RESULTS: Average salt content in bread was 2 percent. This study evaluated low-salt bread containing 1.4 percent salt. This reduction remained mostly undetected by the panels of taste testers. In the crossover trial, which included 58 participants, a reduction of 25 milliequivalents in 24hour urine sodium excretion, a reduction in systolic blood pressure of 1.66 mmHg, and a reduction in diastolic blood pressure of 0.76 mmHg were found during the low-salt bread intake. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that dietary salt reduction was feasible and well accepted in the population studied through a reduction of salt content in bread. Although the effects on urinary sodium and blood pressure were moderate, a countrywide intervention could have a greater public health impact.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar una intervención destinada a reducir el consumo de sal a partir de un convenio con la industria alimentaria. MÉTODOS: Se midió el contenido de sal de los productos de panadería por medio de una encuesta nacional y análisis bioquímicos. Un grupo de catadores evaluó el pan con bajo contenido de sal para determinar si la disminución pasaba inadvertida. Dado que el pan francés representa 25 por ciento del consumo total de sal en la Argentina, se propuso someter a prueba este tipo de pan con una disminución de la concentración de sal de 2 por ciento a 1,4 por ciento. Se realizó un estudio cruzado con el fin de evaluar si los participantes presentaban una concentración urinaria de sodio más baja y una presión arterial menor durante el período en que consumieron pan con bajo contenido de sal respecto del período en que consumieron pan común. RESULTADOS: El pan común contiene un porcentaje promedio de sal de 2 por ciento. En este estudio, el pan con bajo contenido de sal contenía 1,4 por ciento, disminución que, en general, pasó inadvertida a los catadores. En el estudio cruzado, en el que participaron 58 sujetos, la eliminación urinaria de sodio disminuyó 25 miliequivalentes en 24 horas, la presión arterial sistólica bajó 1,66 mmHg y la presión arterial diastólica bajó 0,76 mmHg durante el período en que los participantes consumieron pan con bajo contenido de sal. CONCLUSIONES: El estudio demuestra que es factible reducir la ingesta de sal alimentaria y que la población estudiada considera aceptable que el pan contenga esta menor concentración de sal. Aunque los efectos sobre la concentración urinaria de sodio y la presión arterial fueron moderados, es probable que una intervención nacional tenga repercusiones más importantes para la salud pública.

Aflatoxin Production in Soybean Varieties Grown in Argentina.

Natural occurrence of aflatoxin contamination on soybeans was investigated. Thirty four samples from the 1986 crop (5.8% positive samples) and 60 samples harvested in 1987 (11.6% positive samples) were analyzed. Aflatoxin levels in positive samples were low, ranging from traces to 36 µg/kg of total aflatoxins. Aflatoxin production by three isolates of Aspergillus flavus / A. parasiticus in 13 soybean varieties has been studied. Soybeans used for cultures were surface disinfected. Levels of aflatoxin formed were dependent both on the toxicogenic potential of the fungal isolate and on the variety of soybeans. Under laboratory conditions variety Prata was the most susceptible and variety SRF the less susceptible to aflatoxin formation.