[Fibrillar protein content of the vascular wall of children]. / Soderzhanie fibrilliarnykh belkov v sosudistoi stenke u detei.

The content of fibrillar proteins was studied in 50 aortas of children dying at the age of 4 to 16 years of various diseases and accidents. In the intact intima of aortas the content of elastin and collagen increased with age. In lipid spots of the vascular wall of children the content of elastin was lower than in the intima, and the amount of collagen was higher than in the normal intima. In 15% of the aortas of children over 10 years of age lipid spots were found the content of collagen in which was above its average levels and biochemically reflected the development of collagen structures in lipid spots with destruction of lipid containing cells and release of lipids into the extracellular space. In rhythmical structures the content of fibrillar proteins increased as compared with normal intima irrespective of the age. The rhythmical structures with lipoidosis were intermediate with regard to the content of fibrillar proteins between "pure" rhythmical structures and lipid spots.

[Fatty acid composition of lipid fractions of arterial walls, blood plasma and adipose tissue after sudden death from coronary disease]. / Zhirnokislotnyi sostav lipidnykh fraktsii arterial'noi stenki, plasmy krovi i zhirovoi tkani u lits, vnezapno umershikh ot koronarnoi bolezni serdtsa.

In patients with atherosclerosis of aorta and heart coronary arteries, diagnosed at autopsy, fatty acid composition was studied and analyzed in main lipid fractions of blood plasma, in unaltered intima of aorta and in the vascular tissue under conditions of various atherosclerotic impairments; simultaneously, fatty acid composition of triglycerides was studied in fatty tissues. The data obtained suggest that in arterial wall cholesterol might be esterified by linoleic acid liberated from lecithin. Analysis of fatty acid composition from blood plasma and arterial wall of the same patient demonstrated that blood plasma as well metabolic reactions, occurring immediately in arterial wall, influenced the composition of fatty acids in lipid fractions of the normal and atherosclerotically impaired arterial walls.

[Fatty acid makeup of different lipid fractions of plasma lipoproteins in persons dying suddenly from coronary heart disease]. / Zhirnokislotnyi sostav razlichnykh lipidnykh fraktsii likoproteidov plazmy krovi u lits, vnezapno umershikh ot koronarnoi bolezni serdtsa.

Blood plasma was examined in 56 male subjects who suddenly died from coronary heart disease (CHD). Along with quantitative changes, qualitative disturbances of lipids of blood plasma lipoproteins are found in CHD. In different lipid fractions (triglycerides, cholesterol esters, total and individual phospholipids) of very low, low and high density lipoproteins the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreases, and correspondingly, the quota of monounsaturated and saturated acids grows. The phenomenon is evidently conditioned by an increasing requirement for the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. The latter is due to a higher concentration of lipids of blood plasma lipoproteins in CHD.

[Lipid level in sudden cardiac death (a biochemical and morphological study)]. / Uroven' lipidov v plazme krovi i arterial'noi stenke i stepen' ateroskleroza aorty i koronarnykh arterii pri vnezapnoi serdechnoi smerti (biokhimicheskoe i morfologicheskoe issledovanie).

The study covered 114 men dying suddenly of coronary heart disease (CHD). Hypercholesterinemia was found in 43% of the cases, lowered cholesterol, high density lipoproteins or hypoalphacholesterolemia in 75%. Thus hypoalphacholesterolemia correlates with CHD more frequently than hypercholesterolemia. The area of lipoidosis in the aorta did not correlate with cholesterol levels in the blood plasma. The content of cholesterol in lipid spots is significantly higher in patients with a high cholesterol level in the blood plasma. The area of eminent lesions in the aorta was significantly greater in high cholesterol level in the blood plasma than in low or normal content. In patients with high cholesterol level in the blood multiple stenoses of coronary arteries were found more frequently and isolated stenoses less frequently than in subjects with low cholesterol levels. In the former, stenosis of coronary arteries always exceeded 50% of the vessel lumen while with low cholesterol levels the stenosis did not exceed 50% of the vessel lumen in 10.4% of cases.

[Lipid content in the blood serum of children and adolescents]. / Soderzhanie lipidov v syvorotke krovi detei i podrostkov.

Content of lipids was studied in blood serum of 350 practically healthy children and teen-agers of both sexes at the age of 5-14 living in Moscow. The mean content of cholesterol was 169 mg per 100 ml in blood serum of the children; it did not depend on the age and sex. The upper level of the normal cholesterol content was about 205 mg/100 ml. Concentration of triglycerides was gradually increased in children blood serum with an increase in age from 51 mg/100 ml in 5-9 year old children up to 68 mg/100 ml at the age of 10-14 years and did not depend on sex. The increase in concentration of triglycerides correlated with an elevation in pre-beta-lipoprotein fraction in blood serum. The mean content of triglycerides was 60 mg/100 ml in 5-14 year old children. The upper level of normal triglyceride content was 115 mg/100 ml of blood serum for children of the age group studied.

[Vessel wall lipids in human atherosclerosis]. / Lipidy sosudistoi stenki pri ateroskleroze u cheloveka.

Relative content of linoleic acid in the fraction of cholesterol esters was increased in "unaltered" intima of human aorta in course of aging. Due to this phenomenon the fatty acid composition of this lipid fraction became similar to the composition of cholesterol esters in lipoproteins of low density, observed in blood of persons at the age of 50 and older. Lipids were accumulated extracellularly in intima of aorta in the course of aging. The high ratio of linoleic acid was also typical for the fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters in fibrous patch with area of atheromatosis (amorphous accumulation of fat, localized out of the cells). These data demonstrate that lipoproteins of low density from blood serum may serve as a source of accumulation of lipids both in "unaltered" intima in the course of ageing and in fibrous patch. The lower ration of linoleic acid and relatively higher content of oleic acid were the characteristic properties of cholesterol esters from lipid spots ("early impairment") as compared with intima and atheroma. Cells of lipid spots, filled with fat, might apparently degrade the liproproteins from blood serum and the liberated cholesterol could be esterified by fatty acids, newly synthesized or preformed in the cells.

[Study of arteriosclerosis in different geographical zones of the Soviet Union. 3. Fatty acid composition of blood serum lipid fractions in Tashkent population]. / Izuchenie ateroskleroza v razlichnykh geograficheskikh zonakh Sovetskogo Soiuza. Soobshchenie III. Zhirnokislotnyi sostav lipidnykh fraktsii syvorotki krovi u zhitelei Tashkenta.

The composition of fatty acids in triglycerides and cholesterol ethers of blood serum was studied in 90 normal males, Russians and Uzbeks, aged 20 to 50 years, living in the city of Tashkent. The peculiarity of the tryglycerides fraction in indigenous Tashkent inhabitants consists in a high content of linoleic acid. (24.8%). This is attributed to the peculiarities of nutrition of the indigenous Uzbekistan population--a consumption of great amounts of cotton-seed oil rich in linoleic acid. With the growing age, the content of the linoleic acid in the cholesterol ethers decreases, and the portion of palmitic and oleic acids growing. Among indigenous. Tashkent residents, aged 20-29 years, the relative content of the linoleic acid in the cholesterol ether fraction is higher than among the non-indigenous residents of the same age-group.

[Study of arteriosclerosis in different geographical zones of the Soviet Union. II. The fatty acid makeup of the lipids of the vascular wall in inhabitants of Uzbekistan]. / Izuchenie ateroskleroza v razlichnykh geograficheskikh zonakh Sovetskogo Soiuza. Soobshchenie II. Zhirnokislotnyi sostav lipidov sosudistoi stenki u zhitelei Uzbekistana

A detailed description is presented for the fatty acids composition of the ether fractions of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids in the normal aortic intima and at various stages of atherosclerosis in indigenous population (Uzbeks) and migrant (Russian) population of Uzbekistan. The most significant changes were revealed in the cholesterol ethers. At various stages of atherosclerosis the changes in the fatty acids of cholesterol ethers are not identical and depend on the nature of the lesion. The relative content of the oleic acid is usually higher, and that of the linoleic--lower in the fat strands and spots, than in the unchanged aortic intima. In the atheromatous plaques, on the contrary, the content of the linoleic acid increases, and that of the oleic--decreases. With age, the content of the linoleic acid increases even in the portions of the intima free of atherosclerosis. The relative content of linoleic acid in the triglycerides of the normai intima and in the atheromatous plaques is higher in the indigenous population of Uzbekistan, than in the migrants.

[Various aspects of the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis in the light of data of geographic pathology]. / Nekotorye aspekty patogeneza ateroskleroza v svete dannykh geograficheskoi patologii

An analysis of 9.550 autopsies of males, aged 10 to 69 years, demonstrated that the time and incidence of the appearance of lipid spots did not depend on the place of residence and ethnic characteristics of the person, while the appearance and further progressive development of fibrous plaques and other more severe kinds of atherosclerotic changes varied greatly from one geographic zone and ethnic group to other. The results of the study of different stages of atherosclerosis and the analysis of literature data support our earlier concept that indicates that fibrous plaques do not necessarily develop from lipid spots, and the latter do not necessarily transform into fibrous plaques.

[Study of atherosclerosis in different geographical zones of the Soviet Union. 1. Comparative study of fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue]. / Izuchenie ateroskleroza v razlichnykh geograficheskikh zonakh Sovetskogo Soiuza. 1. Sravnitel'noe izuchenie zhirnokislotnogo sostava podkozhnoi zhirovoi tkani

Gas-liquid chromatography was used for the study of the fat-acid composition of the subcutaneous tissue in males, aged 20 to 70 years, who had died in accidents. The investigation was conducted in the cities of Samarkand, Tashkent, Riga and Moscow. A significantly higher relative level of linoleic acid in the subcutaneous tissue of the native population of Central Asia than in the non-native residents of the same regions was found (19.4 and 13.7%, respectively). It is accounted for by a high consumption of cotton oil rich in linoleic acid by the native population of Uzbekistan. No significant differences in the proportion of linoleic, oleic and other fatty acids in the adipose tissue of the Russian population of Samarkand and Tashkent, as well as Riga and Moscow were found. No differences were either found in the composition of the adipose tissue of the native and non-native residents of Riga. The lower incidence of atherosclerosis among the native population of Central Asia in comparison with the non-native population of the same region and the population of the Baltic region is emphasized.