RESUMO
Cloud data centers present a challenge to environmental sustainability because of their significant energy consumption. Additionally, performance degradation resulting from energy management solutions, such as virtual machine (VM) consolidation, impacts service level agreements (SLAs) between cloud service providers and users. Thus, to achieve a balance between efficient energy consumption and avoiding SLA violations, we propose a novel VM consolidation algorithm. Conventional algorithms result in unnecessary migrations when improperly selecting VMs. Therefore, our proposed E2SVM algorithm addresses this issue by selecting VMs with high load fluctuations and minimal resource usage from overloaded servers. These selected VMs are then placed on normally loaded servers, considering their stability index. Moreover, our approach prevents server underutilization by either applying all or no VM migrations. Simulation results demonstrate a 12.9% decrease in maximum energy consumption compared with the minimum migration time VM selection policy. In addition, a 47% reduction in SLA violations was observed when using the medium absolute deviation as the overload detection policy. Therefore, this approach holds promise for real-world data centers because it minimizes energy waste and maintains low SLA violations.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Computação em Nuvem , EletricidadeRESUMO
The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its subsequent evolution into the Internet of Everything (IoE) is a result of the rapid growth of information and communication technologies (ICT). However, implementing these technologies comes with certain obstacles, such as the limited availability of energy resources and processing power. Consequently, there is a need for energy-efficient and intelligent load-balancing models, particularly in healthcare, where real-time applications generate large volumes of data. This paper proposes a novel, energy-aware artificial intelligence (AI)-based load balancing model that employs the Chaotic Horse Ride Optimization Algorithm (CHROA) and big data analytics (BDA) for cloud-enabled IoT environments. The CHROA technique enhances the optimization capacity of the Horse Ride Optimization Algorithm (HROA) using chaotic principles. The proposed CHROA model balances the load, optimizes available energy resources using AI techniques, and is evaluated using various metrics. Experimental results show that the CHROA model outperforms existing models. For instance, while the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), and Whale Defense Algorithm with Firefly Algorithm (WD-FA) techniques attain average throughputs of 58.247 Kbps, 59.957 Kbps, and 60.819 Kbps, respectively, the CHROA model achieves an average throughput of 70.122 Kbps. The proposed CHROA-based model presents an innovative approach to intelligent load balancing and energy optimization in cloud-enabled IoT environments. The results highlight its potential to address critical challenges and contribute to developing efficient and sustainable IoT/IoE solutions.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Inteligência Artificial , Animais , Cavalos , Inteligência , Conscientização , InternetRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Thalassemia, one of the most widespread autosomal recessive disorders, is characterized by anomalies in the synthesis of hemoglobin beta chains and is frequently coupled with variable craniofacial characteristics. Thalassemic patients suffer from severe anemia, which triggers several defense mechanisms in the body, such as bone marrow expansion, which forces the bones to expand, resulting in craniofacial bone deformities. This study aims to assess and compare the orofacial dimensions of ß-thalassemia patients with those of a control group across similar ages and gender. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred Iraqi individuals agreed to participate in this study (150 non-thalassemic and 150 thalassemic patients with an equal distribution of genders). A well-trained researcher carried out five anthropometric measurements by using an electronic digital caliper. Gender and group differences were tested using an independent sample t test. RESULTS: Mouth width showed clinical and statistically significant group differences among all measurements in the study group. CONCLUSIONS: All measurements except mouth width showed nonsignificant clinical group differences.
RESUMO
SUMMARY: This study aims to test the effect of body mass index on certain facial soft tissue measurements. Three hundred Arab Iraqi young adults with different body mass indexes were randomly selected from the population in Basrah city. Different horizontal and vertical soft tissue measurements were obtained using different calipers. Sex differences were verified by an independent sample t-test, while the effect of different body mass index categories was evaluated by one way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Obese males showed significantly higher mean values for weight, nose width, face width, head circumference, and lower facial third length (p≤0.001). Obese females shared these parameters with obese males in addition to mouth width. Regarding sex differences, nearly all measurements were significantly higher in males than in females. Obese individuals had wider faces, noses and mouths; larger head circumferences and facial indexes; and longer lower facial third lengths. Moreover, they possessed smaller inner canthal widths as well as upper and middle facial thirds in comparison to normal and overweight subjects.
RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo probar el efecto del índice de masa corporal en determinadas medidas de tejidos blandos faciales. Trescientos adultos jóvenes iraquíes con diferentes índices de masa corporal fueron seleccionados al azar de la población de la ciudad de Basora. Se obtuvieron diferentes medidas de tejidos blandos horizontales y verticales utilizando diferentes calibradores. Las diferencias de sexo se verificaron mediante una prueba t independiente, mientras que el efecto de diferentes categorías de índice de masa corporal se evaluó mediante pruebas ANOVA y Tukey de una vía. Los hombres obesos mostraron valores medios significativamente más altos de peso, el ancho de la nariz, el ancho de la cara, la circunferencia de la cabeza y la longitud del tercio inferior del rostro (p≤0,001). Las mujeres obesas comparten estos parámetros con los machos obesos además del ancho de la cavidad oral. Con respecto a las diferencias de sexo, casi todas las medidas fueron significativamente más altas en hombres que en mujeres. Las personas obesas tenían caras, narices y bocas más anchas; circunferencias más grandes de la cabeza e índices faciales; y longitudes de tercio inferior facial más largas. Además, se observaron anchos cantales mediales más pequeños, así como tercios faciales superior y medio en comparación con sujetos normales y con sobrepeso.
