Urolithiasis and sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective assessment of urinary biochemical variables.

INTRODUCTION: to evaluate urinary biochemical alterations related to urolithogenesis processes after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: : prospective study with 32 individuals without previous diagnosis of urolithiasis who underwent SG. A 24-h urine test was collected seven days prior to surgery and at 6-month follow-up. The studied variables were urine volume, urinary pH, oxalate, calcium, citrate, and magnesium and calcium oxalate super saturation (CaOx SS). RESULTS: patients were mainly women (81.2%), with mean age of 40.6 years. Mean pre- and postoperative BMI were 47.1 ± 8.3 Kg/m2 and 35.5 ± 6.1 Kg/m2, respectively (p<0.001). Urine volume was significantly lower at the postoperative evaluation in absolute values (2,242.50 ± 798.26 mL x 1,240.94 ± 352.39 mL, p<0.001) and adjusted to body weight (18.58 ± 6.92 mL/kg x 13.92 ± 4.65 mL/kg, p<0.001). CaOx SS increased significantly after SG (0.11 ± 0.10 x 0.24 ± 0.18, p<0.001). Moreover, uric acid levels were significantly lower at the postoperative evaluation (482.34 ± 195.80 mg x 434.75 ± 158.38 mg, p=0.027). Urinary pH, oxalate, calcium, citrate, and magnesium did not present significant variations between the pre- and postoperative periods. CONCLUSION: SG may lead to important alterations in the urinary profile. However, it occurs in a much milder way than that of RYGB.

Gastric Fistula After Sleeve Gastrectomy: Clinical Features and Treatment Options.

PURPOSE: To trace the clinical profile of fistula cases after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic treatments and the admission costs of these patients. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of patients who developed gastric fistulas after SG. All patients were submitted to surgical and/or endoscopic interventions (self-expandable stent, septotomy, and balloon dilation). The main studied variables were need for reoperation, number of endoscopic procedures, endoscopic complications, time until fistula diagnosis, fistula location, time until resolution, length of hospital stay, and health costs. RESULTS: The sample was mainly female (76.2%) with a mean age of 39.5 years and a BMI of 39.6 kg/m2. In 90.5% of cases, the fistula occurred in the topography of the His angle. Thirteen patients required surgical intervention. Of the patients who underwent endoscopic interventions, it was necessary to place more than one self-expandable stent of a maximum duration of 4 weeks. Six patients underwent more than two sessions of septotomy. There was one case of bleeding after septotomy. Dilatation was required in 71.4% of patients and an average of two sessions (1-5) per patient. The diagnosis of fistula occurred 14.4 days after surgery. The average time to resolve fistulas was 50.6 days. The average hospital stay was 75.8 days. The total cost of hospitalization was on average US$ 75,180.00. CONCLUSION: The surgical and endoscopic treatment of gastric fistulas after SG was safe and effective. There was a very low rate of complications. The time of onset of fistulas was not decisive for patient improvement.

Urolithiasis and sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective assessment of urinary biochemical variables / Urolitíase e gastrectomia vertical: uma avaliação prospectiva das variáveis bioquímicas urinárias

ABSTRACT Introduction: to evaluate urinary biochemical alterations related to urolithogenesis processes after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Materials and methods : prospective study with 32 individuals without previous diagnosis of urolithiasis who underwent SG. A 24-h urine test was collected seven days prior to surgery and at 6-month follow-up. The studied variables were urine volume, urinary pH, oxalate, calcium, citrate, and magnesium and calcium oxalate super saturation (CaOx SS). Results: patients were mainly women (81.2%), with mean age of 40.6 years. Mean pre- and postoperative BMI were 47.1 ± 8.3 Kg/m2 and 35.5 ± 6.1 Kg/m2, respectively (p<0.001). Urine volume was significantly lower at the postoperative evaluation in absolute values (2,242.50 ± 798.26 mL x 1,240.94 ± 352.39 mL, p<0.001) and adjusted to body weight (18.58 ± 6.92 mL/kg x 13.92 ± 4.65 mL/kg, p<0.001). CaOx SS increased significantly after SG (0.11 ± 0.10 x 0.24 ± 0.18, p<0.001). Moreover, uric acid levels were significantly lower at the postoperative evaluation (482.34 ± 195.80 mg x 434.75 ± 158.38 mg, p=0.027). Urinary pH, oxalate, calcium, citrate, and magnesium did not present significant variations between the pre- and postoperative periods. Conclusion: SG may lead to important alterations in the urinary profile. However, it occurs in a much milder way than that of RYGB.

RESUMO Introdução: avaliar as alterações bioquímicas urinárias relacionadas aos processos de litíase urinária após gastrectomia vertical (GV). Método: estudo prospectivo, com 32 indivíduos submetidos a GV, sem diagnóstico prévio de urolitíase. Foi coletada urina de 24 horas, sete dias antes da operação e no retorno de 6 meses. As variáveis estudadas foram volume de urina, pH urinário, oxalato, cálcio, citrato e super saturação de oxalato e cálcio (SS CaOx). Resultados: os pacientes foram em sua maioria mulheres (81,2%), com idade média de 40,6 anos. O IMC médio pré e pós-operatório foi 47,1 ± 8,3 Kg/m2 e 35,5 ± 6,1 Kg/m2, respectivamente (p<0,001). O volume de urina foi significativamente baixo na avaliação pós-operatória em valores absolutos (2.242,50 ± 798,26 mL versus 1.240,94 ± 352,39 mL, p<0,001) e ajustado ao peso corporal (18,58 ± 6,92 mL/kg versus 13,92 ± 4,65 mL/kg, p<0,001). A SS CaOx aumentou significativamente após a GV (0,11 ± 0,10 versus 0,24 ± 0,18, p<0,001). Além disso, os níveis de ácido úrico apresentaram-se significativamente baixos na avaliação pós-operatória (482,34 ± 195,80 mg versus 434,75 ± 158,38 mg, p=0,027). PH urinário, oxalato, cálcio, citrato e magnésio não apresentaram variações significativas entre os períodos pré e pós-operatório. Conclusão: a GV pode levar a alterações importantes no perfil urinário. Entretanto, essas ocorrem de forma muito mais leve que na derivação gástrica em Y de Roux.

The Impact of the Gastric Twist on Esophagitis Progression After Sleeve Gastrectomy: Mid-Term Endoscopic Findings.

PURPOSE: To determine the real influence of the gastric twist on the progression of esophagitis after SG, evaluating pre- and late post-operative endoscopic findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively included 459 patients submitted to SG between 2009 and 2019. The sample comprised patients who performed esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) at the pre-operative and late post-operative periods. RESULTS: Patients were mainly female (85.6%), with a mean age of 40.4 years. Mean follow-up time was 20.8 months. In the pre-operative period, 1.1% of patients had non-erosive esophagitis, 24.2% of patients had grade A erosive esophagitis, and 1.5% of patients had grade B. In the post-operative evaluation, 3.3% had non-erosive esophagitis, 14.8% presented grade A erosive esophagitis, 8.9% had grade B, and 1.3% had grade C esophagitis. There were no cases of Barrett's esophagus. Forty-nine patients (10.7%) presented gastric twist. Comparing patients with and without gastric twist, it was possible to observe that the gastric twist group presented a higher incidence of grade C esophagitis (4.0% × 1.0%), p = 0.017. The correlation between the occurrence of gastric twist and esophagitis progression showed a prevalence ratio of 1.36 (95% CI 0.82-2.25). CONCLUSIONS: SG is responsible for an increase in the prevalence of erosive esophagitis, and the occurrence of gastric twist definitely plays a role on it, expressing a risk of 36% for esophagitis progression and being related to a higher incidence of severe esophagitis.

Surgical site infection in bariatric surgery: results of a care bundle. / Infecção de sítio cirúrgico após cirurgia bariátrica: resultados de uma abordagem com pacote de cuidados.

OBJECTIVE: to present a descriptive analysis of the results of a care bundle applied to obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery, regarding infection control. METHODS: a care bundle was designed to control surgical site infection (SSI) rates in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The bundle included smoking cessation, bathing with 4% chlorhexidine two hours before surgery, cefazolin (2g bolus) in anesthetic induction associated with a continuous infusion of the same drug at a dose of 1g over a two-hour period, appropriate trichotomy, glycemic control, supplemental oxygen, normothermia, intraspinal morphine for the relief of pain, and sterile dressing removal 48 hours after surgery. All patients were followed up for 30 days. RESULTS: among the 1,596 included patients, 334 (20.9%) underwent open surgery and 1,262 (79.1%) underwent videolaparoscopic surgery. SSI rates were 0.5% in the group submitted to laparoscopic surgery and 3% in the one submitted to open surgery. The overall incidence of SSI was 1%. Intra-abdominal, respiratory tract, and urinary tract infections occurred in 0.9%, 1.1%, and 1.5% of the sample, respectively. Higher body mass index was associated with higher incidence of SSI (p=0.001). Among patients with diabetes, 2.2% developed SSI, while the rate of infection among non-diabetics was only 0.6%. CONCLUSION: the established care bundle, structured by core evidence-based strategies, associated with secondary measures, was able to maintain low SSI rates after bariatric surgery.

OBJETIVO: apresentar uma análise descritiva dos resultados de um pacote de cuidados aplicado em pacientes obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica, no que diz respeito ao controle de infecção. MÉTODOS: um pacote de cuidados foi estruturado, visando a conter as taxas de infecção de sítio cirúrgico (ISC) em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. O pacote incluiu interrupção de tabagismo, banho com clorexidina 4% duas horas antes da cirurgia, cefazolina 2g em bolus na indução anestésica associada à administração da mesma droga com dose de 1g em infusão contínua, tricotomia apropriada, controle glicêmico, oxigênio suplementar, normotermia, controle da dor com morfina intrarraquidiana e remoção do curativo estéril 48 horas após a cirurgia. Todos os pacientes foram seguidos por 30 dias. RESULTADOS: entre os 1.596 pacientes incluídos, 334 (20,9%) foram submetidos à cirurgia aberta e 1.262 (79,1%) à cirurgia videolaparoscópica. As taxas de ISC foram de 0,5% no grupo submetido à cirurgia laparoscópica e de 3% nos submetidos à cirurgia aberta. A incidência geral de ISC foi de 1%. Infecções intra-abdominal, do trato respiratório e do trato urinário ocorreram em 0,9%, 1,1% e 1,5% da amostra, respectivamente. Faixas mais elevadas de índice de massa corporal foram associadas a maiores incidências de ISC (p=0,001). Entre os pacientes com diabetes, 2,2% desenvolveram ISC, enquanto a taxa de infecção entre os não diabéticos foi de apenas 0,6%. CONCLUSÃO: o pacote de cuidados instituído, estruturado por estratégias centrais baseadas em evidências, associadas à medidas secundárias, foi capaz de manter baixas taxas de ISC após cirurgia bariátrica.

Infecção de sítio cirúrgico após cirurgia bariátrica: resultados de uma abordagem com pacote de cuidados / Surgical site infection in bariatric surgery: results of a care bundle

RESUMO Objetivo: apresentar uma análise descritiva dos resultados de um pacote de cuidados aplicado em pacientes obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica, no que diz respeito ao controle de infecção. Métodos: um pacote de cuidados foi estruturado, visando a conter as taxas de infecção de sítio cirúrgico (ISC) em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. O pacote incluiu interrupção de tabagismo, banho com clorexidina 4% duas horas antes da cirurgia, cefazolina 2g em bolus na indução anestésica associada à administração da mesma droga com dose de 1g em infusão contínua, tricotomia apropriada, controle glicêmico, oxigênio suplementar, normotermia, controle da dor com morfina intrarraquidiana e remoção do curativo estéril 48 horas após a cirurgia. Todos os pacientes foram seguidos por 30 dias. Resultados: entre os 1.596 pacientes incluídos, 334 (20,9%) foram submetidos à cirurgia aberta e 1.262 (79,1%) à cirurgia videolaparoscópica. As taxas de ISC foram de 0,5% no grupo submetido à cirurgia laparoscópica e de 3% nos submetidos à cirurgia aberta. A incidência geral de ISC foi de 1%. Infecções intra-abdominal, do trato respiratório e do trato urinário ocorreram em 0,9%, 1,1% e 1,5% da amostra, respectivamente. Faixas mais elevadas de índice de massa corporal foram associadas a maiores incidências de ISC (p=0,001). Entre os pacientes com diabetes, 2,2% desenvolveram ISC, enquanto a taxa de infecção entre os não diabéticos foi de apenas 0,6%. Conclusão: o pacote de cuidados instituído, estruturado por estratégias centrais baseadas em evidências, associadas à medidas secundárias, foi capaz de manter baixas taxas de ISC após cirurgia bariátrica.

ABSTRACT Objective: to present a descriptive analysis of the results of a care bundle applied to obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery, regarding infection control. Methods: a care bundle was designed to control surgical site infection (SSI) rates in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The bundle included smoking cessation, bathing with 4% chlorhexidine two hours before surgery, cefazolin (2g bolus) in anesthetic induction associated with a continuous infusion of the same drug at a dose of 1g over a two-hour period, appropriate trichotomy, glycemic control, supplemental oxygen, normothermia, intraspinal morphine for the relief of pain, and sterile dressing removal 48 hours after surgery. All patients were followed up for 30 days. Results: among the 1,596 included patients, 334 (20.9%) underwent open surgery and 1,262 (79.1%) underwent videolaparoscopic surgery. SSI rates were 0.5% in the group submitted to laparoscopic surgery and 3% in the one submitted to open surgery. The overall incidence of SSI was 1%. Intra-abdominal, respiratory tract, and urinary tract infections occurred in 0.9%, 1.1%, and 1.5% of the sample, respectively. Higher body mass index was associated with higher incidence of SSI (p=0.001). Among patients with diabetes, 2.2% developed SSI, while the rate of infection among non-diabetics was only 0.6%. Conclusion: the established care bundle, structured by core evidence-based strategies, associated with secondary measures, was able to maintain low SSI rates after bariatric surgery.