Gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 in a Colombian population. A cross-sectional study

Introduction: gastrointestinal involvement in COVID-19 occurs in approximately 20% of patients and may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea or abnormal liver function tests. In our country, the characteristics of gastrointestinal involvement in COVID-19 patients have not been studied. Objectives: to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal and liver involvement in patients with COVID-19 treated at two hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia. To determine the association between COVID-19 gastrointestinal involvement and length of hospital stay, severity and mortality. Design and methodology: a cross-sectional study carried out at two hospitals in a hospital subnetwork in Bogotá, Colombia from February 2020 to March 2021. Results: a total of 1,176 patients with a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were included. Gastrointestinal manifestations occurred in 50% (95%CI 47-52%), with the most frequent being diarrhea in 18.4%, odynophagia in 17.6%, anorexia in 14.7% and abdominal pain in 8.8%. An association was found between diarrhea during hospitalization and prolonged hospitalization (OR 1.93 95%CI 1.19-3.13), and between gastrointestinal bleeding on admission and death (OR 3.13, 95%CI 1.1-9.1), among others. Abnormal liver function tests occurred in 46% (95%CI 43-49%) and were more frequent in patients with severe disease and those who died. Conclusions: the prevalence of gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with COVID-19 was 50%. Diarrhea was associated with a longer hospital stay, and gastrointestinal bleeding was associated with respiratory failure and death. Forty-six percent of patients had abnormal liver function tests, with elevated transaminases being the most frequent. Elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) on admission was associated with greater mortality. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2023.2729).

Social Neuroscience and Mental Processes: How Does Our Brain Process Social Information?

Neural mechanisms are traditionally examined from different theoretical angles. Similarly, social neuroscience emphasizes the important role that the social environment and neural systems play in the development of social behavior. Thus, this study aims to describe how social neuroscience uses the brain mapping theory and hypothesis testing approach to explain the functioning of social cognition. This approach points out that brain areas, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), lateral temporal cortex, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, are specialized in processing social information. These areas are also linked to the regulation of interpersonal relationships, social cooperation, values, empathy, and moral behavior. However, how does social neuroscience explain the phenomena of social behavior? What is the explanation of the social self? Social neuroscience has theoretical and methodological features that bring it closer to a paradigm of social research and neuroscience; the form of mechanistic analysis of biological and cognitive structures broadly describes a neurocognitive mechanism for explaining human social behavior.

2021 Brazilian Thoracic Association recommendations for the management of severe asthma.

Advances in the understanding that severe asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease and in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of asthma, with the identification of different phenotypes and endotypes, have allowed new approaches for the diagnosis and characterization of the disease and have resulted in relevant changes in pharmacological management. In this context, the definition of severe asthma has been established, being differentiated from difficult-to-control asthma. These recommendations address this topic and review advances in phenotyping, use of biomarkers, and new treatments for severe asthma. Emphasis is given to topics regarding personalized management of the patient and selection of biologicals, as well as the importance of evaluating the response to treatment. These recommendations apply to adults and children with severe asthma and are targeted at physicians involved in asthma treatment. A panel of 17 Brazilian pulmonologists was invited to review recent evidence on the diagnosis and management of severe asthma, adapting it to the Brazilian reality. Each of the experts was responsible for reviewing a topic or question relevant to the topic. In a second phase, four experts discussed and structured the texts produced, and, in the last phase, all experts reviewed and approved the present manuscript and its recommendations.

Soil contamination by zoonotic parasites in leisure areas: an integrative review / Contaminação do solo por parasitas zoonóticos em áreas de lazer: uma revisão integrativa / Contaminación del suelo por parásitos zoonóticos en áreas de ocio: una revisión integradora

Enteropasites are a risk to both human and animal health, and soil is an important route for their propagation and perpetuation, due to the easy animal access to leisure environments. Furthermore, the contamination of these areas is a public health problem, due to the high number of people who visit these places and can acquire these parasitoses. The purpose of this study was to research information described in the scientific literature on the prevalence of parasites with zoonotic potential in leisure areas, their distribution and associated factors. This is an integrative review of the literature in which scientific studies on parasites of zoonotic potential in leisure areas were selected from the Virtual Health Library, with MEDLINE and LILACS as its database, in addition to PUBMED, SCIELO and "Periódicos Capes" published between 2010 and 2020 in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Eleven articles were selected from the 494 found after applying criteria for inclusion, exclusion and content evaluation. Ancylostoma spp. and Toxocara spp. proved to be widely distributed, and soil contamination by parasites is directly linked to the presence of animals in these environments, due to their feces and favorable environmental conditions.

Os enteropasitas são um risco para a saúde humana e animal, sendo o solo uma importante via para sua propagação e perpetuação, devido ao fácil acesso dos animais aos ambientes de lazer. Além disso, a contaminação dessas áreas é um problema de saúde pública, devido ao grande número de pessoas que visitam esses locais e podem adquirir essas parasitoses. O objetivo deste estudo foi pesquisar informações descritas na literatura científica sobre a prevalência. de parasitas com potencial zoonótico em áreas de lazer, sua distribuição e fatores associados. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura em que foram selecionados estudos científicos sobre parasitos de potencial zoonótico em áreas de lazer, da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, tendo como base de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, além de PUBMED, SCIELO e "Periódicos Capes" publicados entre 2010 e 2020 em português, inglês e espanhol. Onze artigos foram selecionados dos 494 encontrados após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, exclusão e avaliação de conteúdo. Ancylostoma spp. e Toxocara spp. provou ser amplamente distribuída, e a contaminação do solo por parasitas está diretamente ligada à presença de animais nesses ambientes, devido às suas fezes e às condições ambientais favoráveis.

Las enteropasitas son un riesgo para la salud tanto humana como animal, y el suelo es una vía importante para su propagación y perpetuación, debido al fácil acceso de los animales a los entornos de ocio. Además, la contaminación de estas áreas es un problema de salud pública, debido a la gran cantidad de personas que visitan estos lugares y pueden adquirir estas parasitosis. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar información descrita en la literatura científica sobre la prevalencia de parásitos con potencial zoonótico en áreas de ocio, su distribución y factores asociados. Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura en la que se seleccionaron estudios científicos sobre parásitos de potencial zoonótico en áreas de ocio de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, con MEDLINE y LILACS como base de datos, además de PUBMED, SCIELO y "Capas Periódicos" publicados entre 2010. y 2020 en portugués, inglés y español. Se seleccionaron once artículos de las 494 encontradas tras aplicar criterios de inclusión, exclusión y evaluación de contenido. Ancylostoma spp. y Toxocara spp. demostró estar ampliamente distribuida, y la contaminación del suelo por parásitos está directamente relacionada con la presencia de animales en estos ambientes, debido a sus heces y condiciones ambientales favorables.

Autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell therapy in three patients with severe asthma.

BACKGROUND: Despite recent advances in understanding its pathophysiology and development of novel therapies, asthma remains a serious public health issue worldwide. Combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting ß2-adrenoceptor agonists results in disease control for many patients, but those who exhibit severe asthma are often unresponsive to conventional treatment, experiencing worse quality of life, frequent exacerbations, and increasing healthcare costs. Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BMMC) transplantation has been shown to reduce airway inflammation and remodeling and improve lung function in experimental models of allergic asthma. METHODS: This is a case series of three patients who presented severe asthma, unresponsive to conventional therapy and omalizumab. They received a single intravenous dose of autologous BMMCs (2 × 107) and were periodically evaluated for 1 year after the procedure. Endpoint assessments included physical examination, quality of life questionnaires, imaging (computed tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and ventilation/perfusion scan), lung function tests, and a 6-min walk test. RESULTS: All patients completed the follow-up protocol. No serious adverse events attributable to BMMC transplantation were observed during or after the procedure. Lung function remained stable throughout. A slight increase in ventilation of the right lung was observed on day 120 after BMMC transplantation in one patient. All three patients reported improvement in quality of life in the early post-procedure course. CONCLUSIONS: This paper described for the first time the effects of BMMC therapy in patients with severe asthma, providing a basis for subsequent trials to assess the efficacy of this therapy.

Influence of Expectation Measure on the Sensory Acceptance of Petit Suisse Product.

The consumer's expectation has an important role in the consumption of food products. It is one of the factors that influence the perception of sensory attributes and interact with the physiological, behavioral and cognitive factors influencing consumer decisions. The present study aimed to analyze the influence of consumer's expectations on the acceptance of Petit Suisse. Products of 4 different brands were used for the sensory analysis, 2 international brands and 2 regional ones. The 9-point regular hedonic scale was employed to carry out affective sensory and expectation measure tests (with and without product information). Concerning the present research, photos of the packaging of each product were printed in color and presented to the participants. These photos displayed the following pieces of information: the product brand, pictures, colors, product name, nutritional information and date of manufacture. International samples obtained higher grades when presented with their packaging, and obtained lower values both in the blind test and in the real expectation test evaluation. It can be concluded that the sensory analysis of the expectation measure showed that the brand influences the acceptance of the product, for the consumer's expectations for international brands had positively confirmed and disconfirmed acceptance. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study generated a significant contribution, especially for companies that aim for a wider market. The application of sensory analysis with a focus on expectation measure, it shows that the brand determines the purchase, based on the results of this study. Therefore, the product's visual identity must be invested in; it must arouse children and adults' attention. That is, it reinforces that the image of the product, the label and what it arouses in the consumers are extremely important for the final choice.

Movimentos mandibulares durante a fala após tratamento do câncer de cavidade oral e orofaringe / Mandibular movements during speech after oral and oropharyngeal cancer treatment

Introdução: Alterações na fala após tratamento do câncer de cavidade oral e orofaringe podem estar relacionadas ao comprometimento dos movimentos mandibulares. Contudo, os parâmetros quantitativos desses movimentos ainda são desconhecidos nessa população. Objetivo: Descrever a amplitude, simetria e velocidade dos movimentos mandibulares durante a fala após tratamento do câncer de cavidade oral e orofaringe. Metodologia: Estudo de corte transversal, no qual pacientes submetidos a tratamento de câncer de cavidade oral e orofaringe no Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco foram convocados para triagem no período de março de 2016 a maio de 2018. Os pacientes elegíveis compareceram ao Laboratório de Pesquisa de Patofisiologia do Sistema Estomatognático, da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, para obtenção das medidas de movimentos mandibulares (amplitude vertical no plano frontal e sagital, simetria em lateralidade para esquerda e direita, velocidade de abertura e fechamento) através do exame de eletrognatografia e responderam a versão em português brasileiro do Índice de Desvantagem de Fala (IDF). Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e para verificar a diferença de médias entre as categorias das variáveis independentes foram aplicados os testes U de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Para o cruzamento entre variáveis quantitativas foi aplicado o teste de correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: Foram incluídos 32 indivíduos com idade entre 33 e 70 anos (média de 55,44±10,04 anos), sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (78,1%). Os valores médios de amplitude vertical no plano frontal (6,69±3,74 mm) e sagital (8,62±4,90 mm) simetria em lateralidade para esquerda (0,32±0,41 mm), velocidade de abertura (70,69±45,03 mm/seg.) e fechamento (69,34±53,63 mm/seg.) ficaram abaixo dos valores de referência para normalidade. As variáveis que apresentaram relação significativa (p<0,05) com medidas de movimentos mandibulares foram idade, tamanho do tumor, história de tabagismo, queixa de mucosite, queixa de alteração gustativa, queixa de redução da abertura de boca, trismo e queixa de estalos na ATM ao abrir a boca. Houve elevada proporção de auto-avaliação negativa da fala (47%) e de desvantagem de fala no dia a dia (75%), porém sem relação significativa com as medidas dos movimentos mandibulares. Nenhum dos escores do IDF se correlacionou com as medidas de movimentos mandibulares. Na análise individual dos itens do IDF, pacientes que referiram dificuldades para serem compreendidos pelas pessoas tiveram menor simetria lateral à esquerda (p=0,03) e os que relataram não ter dicção clara tiveram menor velocidade de abertura (p=0,03) e fechamento (p=0,01) mandibular. Conclusão: Pacientes tratados do câncer de cavidade oral e orofaringe apresentammedidas de amplitude, velocidade e simetria mandibulares, em sua maioria, mais baixas que os valores de referência para normalidade; existe relação entre as medidas de movimentos mandibulares e variáveis sócio-demográficas e clínicas; os desfechos do IDF não se relacionam com as medidas de movimentos mandibulares investigadas neste estudo, porém, há relação entre algumas dessas medidas e aspectos de desvantagem na inteligibilidade de fala (AU)

Introduction: Speech disorders after oral and oropharyngeal cancer treatment may be related to impairment of mandibular movements. However, the quantitative parameters of these movements are still unknown in this population. Objective: To describe the amplitude, symmetry and speed of mandibular movements during speechafter oral and oropharyngeal cancer treatment. Methods:A cross-sectional study in which patients submitted to oral and oropharyngeal cancer treatment at the Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco were screened in the period from March 2016 to May 2018. The eligible patients attended the Pathophysiology of the Stomatognathic System Research Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, to obtain measures of mandibular movements (vertical amplitude in the frontal and sagittal plane, lateral symmetry for the left andright, opening and closing velocity) through the electrognatography examination and answered the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Speech Handicap Index (SHI). The data were analyzed in a descriptive way and the U Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied to verify the mean difference between categories of the independent variables. The level of significance was 5%. Results: Thirty-two individuals aged 33-70 years (mean of 55.44 ± 10.04 years) were included, the majority being male (78.1%). The mean values of vertical amplitude in the frontal plane (6.69 ± 3.74 mm) and sagittal (8.62 ± 4.90 mm), lateral symmetry to the left (0.32 ± 0.41 mm), opening velocity (70.69 ± 45.03 mm / sec) and closing velocity (69.34 ± 53.63 mm / sec) were below the standardreferencefor normality. Significant related variables (p <0.05) with measures of mandibular movements were age, tumor size, history of smoking, mucositis complaint, gustatory impairment, complaint of reduction of mouth opening, trismus and complaint of cracking in the ATM when opening the mouth. There was a high proportion of negative speech self-assessment (47%) and speech handicap in a daily life (75%), but no significant relation with mandibular movements. None of the SHI scores correlated with measures of mandibular movement. In the individual analysis of the SHI items, patients who reported difficulties to understand the patients had less lateral symmetry to the left (p = 0.03) and those who reported not having clear diction had lower opening velocity (p = 0.03) and mandibular closure (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Patients treated for oral and oropharynx cancer have lower measures of amplitude, velocity and mandibular symmetry than the standard reference for normality; there is a relationship between mandibular movement measurements and sociodemographic and clinical variables;the SHI outcomes are not related to the measures of mandibular movements investigated in this study, however, there is a relation between some of these measures and handicap aspects associated with speech intelligibility (AU)

Autoavaliação de aspectos respiratórios e vocais após uso do umidificador de traqueostomia em laringectomizados totais / Breathing and voice self-assessments after the use of a heat and moisture exchange in total laryngectomyzed patients

RESUMO Introdução O umidificador de traqueostomia é um dispositivo permutador de calor e umidade que pode interferir nas condições respiratórias e vocais de laringectomizados totais. Objetivo Verificar a autoavaliação de aspectos respiratórios e vocais antes e após o uso do umidificador de traqueostomia, em pacientes submetidos à laringectomia total. Métodos A amostra foi composta por 15 indivíduos acompanhados no serviço de Fonoaudiologia de um hospital oncológico, sendo uma mulher e 14 homens, com idade entre 49 e 76 anos, submetidos à laringectomia total. Foi aplicado um questionário de autoavaliação, relacionado a aspectos respiratórios e vocais antes e após o uso do umidificador de traqueostomia, durante duas semanas. Resultados Permaneceram no estudo 13 indivíduos que referiram melhora da tosse, diminuição do acúmulo de secreção e melhor qualidade respiratória e de voz esofágica, após uso do umidificador de traqueostomia. Conclusão Pacientes laringectomizados totais perceberam melhora na autoavaliação de aspectos respiratórios e vocais após duas semanas de uso do umidificador de traqueostomia.

ABSTRACT Introduction A heat and moisture exchange device could modify respiratory and vocal conditions in patients who received a total laryngectomy. Purpose To verify breathing and voice self-assessments before and after the use of a heat and moisture exchange device in patients who had received a total laryngectomy. Methods The sample included 15 subjects of the Speech Therapy department of a cancer hospital; subjects included 1 woman and 14 men aged 49 to 76 years who had undergone a total laryngectomy. Patients completed a self-assessment questionnaire about breathing and voice before and after two weeks of use of a heat and moisture exchange device. Results Thirteen individuals completed the study and reported improvement in cough, secretion accumulation, sleep, breathing, and esophageal voice after use of a heat and moisture exchange device. Conclusion Patients who had received a total laryngectomy perceived improvements in breathing and voice after two weeks of the use of a heat and moisture exchange device, as measured by self-assessment.

O uso da combinação LABA/LAMA em pacientes com DPOC / LABA/LAMA combination in COPD

Neste artigo de atualização discutiremos, à luz dos mais recentes e relevantes trabalhos, a terapia dupla com broncodilatadores de longa ação para os pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) no período estável, destacando sua proteção quanto a exacerbações, dispneia, qualidade de vida, utilizando como orientador de sua oportunidade de uso a recomendação mais recente do Iniciativa Global para Doenças Pulmonares (GOLD) da sigla em língua inglesa.

In this update article we will discuss the light of the most recent and relevant studies on dual therapy with long acting bronchodilators for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the stable period, highlighting their protection against exacerbations, dyspnea, quality of life, Using the most recent recommendation of the Global Initiative for Lung Disease (GOLD) as the guideline of their opportunity to use the English acronym.

Tiempos acelerados y espacios nómades de la hipermodernidad.: Reflexiones abiertas

Estamos viviendo una verdadera mutación civilizatoria que nos habla de la vertiginosidad del pasaje del tiempo, de la aceleración de las transformaciones tecnológicas, de la aparición de un universo virtual donde el cybermundo construye y deconstruye subjetividades. De nuevas alternativas comunicacionales, de nuevas formas de vivir los vínculos y de vivirse como sujeto social complejo (Rhéaume) en estas sociedades contemporáneas, verdaderas sociedades de riesgo que generan valores y ritos, nuevos signos y símbolos, nuevas éticas y estéticas. En estas sociedades de winners y loosers, donde, retomando a Lipovetsky, el mundo de lo efímero se articula con el crepúsculo de la ética, nos enfrentamos a una verdadera mutación. Con el desafío que ella comporta, con posibles alternativas a un cambio.

We are living a real civilizing mutation which speaks of the vertiginous passage of time, the acceleration of technological change, the emergence of a virtual universe where the cyberworld builds and deconstructs subjectivities. New communication alternatives, new ways of living the relations and lived as complex social subject (Rhéaume) in these contemporary societies, real risk society, that generate values and rituals, new signs and symbols, new ethical and aesthetic. In these societies from winners and loosers, retaking Lipovetsky, where the world of the ephemeral articulates with the twilight of ethics, we face a real mutation. Beside the challenge of possible options of change.

Herpesvírus simplex em sagui-de-tufo-preto (Callithrix Penicillata) / Herpesvirus simplex in black tufted ear marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) / Herpevirus simplex en titímoñudo negro (Callithrix penicillata)

A relação entre os seres humano se os calitriquídeos vem sendo cada vez mais fortalecida por diversos motivos, como o tráfico de animais silvestres, a manutenção legal e ilegal da espécie como animal de estimação ou ainda o crescimento desordenado das cidades. Mas essa relação estreita entre seres humanos e primatas não humanos representa sérios riscos à saúde de ambos por manter endêmica uma série de enfermidades zoonóticas e/ou zooantropozoonóticas. Uma enfermidade potencialmente zoonótica é o herpes vírus simples tipo I, que em seu hospedeiro natural, o ser humano, acarreta em uma doença branda, já nos primatas não humanos a doença ocorre pelo contato com saliva, mucosa ou fômites contaminados, ocasionando a morte dos animais.

The relationship between human being sand the callitrichids has been increasing streng thened, be it by the traffic in go wild animais, be it by legal or illegal maintenan ceofspecies as a pet or fordisordered grow thofcities. But this close relationship between human sand non-human primates represents serious health risks for both human sand said primates. It keeps endemic a series of zoonosisand/or zooanthropozoonosis.A potentially zoonotic disease is the simple herpes virus type I, which in its natural host, the humanbeing, carries on a mild disease in non-human primates. The disease occurs by contact with saliva, mucosa or contaminated fomites contaminated, causing the death of animais.

La relación entre los seres humanos y los calitrícidos ha sido cada vez más consolidado sea por conta dei tráfico de animales silvestres, por mantenimiento legal o ilegal de especies como mascota o para el crecimiento desordenado de las ciudades, pero esta estrecha relación entre los seres humanos y primates no humanos representa riesgos de salud graves para mantener una serie de enfermedades endémicas zoonóticas o zooantropozoonóticas. Una enfermedad zoonótica potencial es el virus dei herpes simple tipo I, que en su hospedero natural, el ser humano, llevaen una enfermedad leve en primates no humanos, que la enfermedad se produce por contacto con saliva, fómites contaminados o la mucosa contaminada, causando la muertede los animales.

Herpesvírus simplex em sagui-de-tufo-preto (Callithrix Penicillata) / Herpesvirus simplex in black tufted ear marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) / Herpevirus simplex en titímoñudo negro (Callithrix penicillata)

A relação entre os seres humano se os calitriquídeos vem sendo cada vez mais fortalecida por diversos motivos, como o tráfico de animais silvestres, a manutenção legal e ilegal da espécie como animal de estimação ou ainda o crescimento desordenado das cidades. Mas essa relação estreita entre seres humanos e primatas não humanos representa sérios riscos à saúde de ambos por manter endêmica uma série de enfermidades zoonóticas e/ou zooantropozoonóticas. Uma enfermidade potencialmente zoonótica é o herpes vírus simples tipo I, que em seu hospedeiro natural, o ser humano, acarreta em uma doença branda, já nos primatas não humanos a doença ocorre pelo contato com saliva, mucosa ou fômites contaminados, ocasionando a morte dos animais.(AU)

The relationship between human being sand the callitrichids has been increasing streng thened, be it by the traffic in go wild animais, be it by legal or illegal maintenan ceofspecies as a pet or fordisordered grow thofcities. But this close relationship between human sand non-human primates represents serious health risks for both human sand said primates. It keeps endemic a series of zoonosisand/or zooanthropozoonosis.A potentially zoonotic disease is the simple herpes virus type I, which in its natural host, the humanbeing, carries on a mild disease in non-human primates. The disease occurs by contact with saliva, mucosa or contaminated fomites contaminated, causing the death of animais.(AU)

La relación entre los seres humanos y los calitrícidos ha sido cada vez más consolidado sea por conta dei tráfico de animales silvestres, por mantenimiento legal o ilegal de especies como mascota o para el crecimiento desordenado de las ciudades, pero esta estrecha relación entre los seres humanos y primates no humanos representa riesgos de salud graves para mantener una serie de enfermedades endémicas zoonóticas o zooantropozoonóticas. Una enfermedad zoonótica potencial es el virus dei herpes simple tipo I, que en su hospedero natural, el ser humano, llevaen una enfermedad leve en primates no humanos, que la enfermedad se produce por contacto con saliva, fómites contaminados o la mucosa contaminada, causando la muertede los animales.(AU)

Utilização do gel de clorexidina em crianças com hiperplasiagengival induzida pela ciclosporina / Use of chlorhexidine gel in children with cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia

Crianças que apresentam insuficiência hepática e transplante de fígado tem uma condição sistêmica comprometida. Algumas alterações bucais podem ocorrer nessas crianças, inclusive hiperplasia gengival. OBJETIVO: Utilizar um gel de clorexidina para controlar e minimizar a hiperplasia gengival ocasionada pelo uso de ciclosporina associada a corticosteróide. RELATO DO CASO: Em uma criança de 2 anos e 8 meses, submetida a transplante de fígado com prescrição de ciclosporina associada à corticosteróide, que apresentava hiperplasia gengival em que a opção de remoção cirúrgica do aumento gengival não foi autorizada, foi aplicado gel inibidor de placa clorexidina, uma vez por semana durante quatro semanas. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: O gel de clorexidina mostrou-se eficaz como auxiliar na terapêutica de impedir a hiperplasia gengival...

Oroantral communication is a pathological communication that occurs between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus. When this communication suffers epithelialization it is called oroantral fistula. It can occur mainly after extraction of posterior maxillary teeth, due to the close relationship between their roots and the maxillary sinus floor. Aim: To present the surgical options for the treatment of oroantral communication and report a case of a large oroantral fistula, explaining the technique step. Case Report: Female patient female, 37-year-old, presented bucossinusal fistula in the left upper molars area and was surgically treated for its closure. Under local anesthesia an incision was made around the fistula, cutting epithelial tissue to allow the union of the wound edges, and it was sutured by layers: initially sinus mucosa with 4-0 catgut and then the gums, with nylon. The suture was removed 10 days later and by this time the complete closure of the fistula was observed. Conclusion: The decision of which treatment modality to use for oroantral communication is influenced by many factors, such as its size, the tissue conditions and the surgeon’s skills. The surgical technique presented in this case proved effective and easy to perform, with a confortable postoperative period for the patient and with no recurrence of the communication...

Avaliação da aplicação tópica de ácido linoleico em retalhos cutâneos randomizados em ratos / Evaluation of topic linoleic acid application on random-pattern skin flaps in rats

Concern about the viability of skin flaps, especially those of random pattern, has been the subject of several studies in plastic surgery. The limiting factar of these flaps is the unpredictability of its microvasculature, which could lead to partial or complete necrosis of the flap. This study tested the role of topical use of linoleic acid on the survival of random skin flaps. This study tested the role of topical use of linoleic acid on the survivl of random slin flap. This a polyunsaturated fatty acid, which in wound healing studies showed to act by mediating the inflammatory response, and decreasing the production of nitric oxide, accelerating the repair process. Objective: The aim of this project was to evaluate morphometric and histologically the improvement on skin flaps survival in rats treated with topical linoleic acid. Method: 24 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 3 groups, the control group or Glycerin (GG, n = 8), Dersani® group (GD, n =8) and Linoleic Acid group (GL, n = 8). Under general anesthesia, a cranial base modified McFarlane random skin flap was elevated in dorsal region of the rats. Results: The mean percentage of necrosis area among the groups was: GG - 44.49%, GD - GL and 44.72% - 44.20%. It showed no statistically significant differences (p> 0.05). Histological analysis has also not found differences in the degree of necrosis or inflammation. Conclusion: In this study, topical application of LA showed no statistically significant differences(P>0.05) on improving the survival area of random skin flap in rats...

A preocupação com a viabilidade de retalhos cutâneos, especialmente os randomizados, tem sido motivo de diversas pesquisas na cirurgia plástica. O fator limitante para a utilização desses retalhos é a imprevisibilidade de sua vascularização distal, o que poderá resultar em necrose parcial ou completa do retalho. Neste estudo, foi testado o uso tópico do ácido linoleico na melhoria da sobrevivência dos retalhos de pele. Este é um ácido graxo poli-insaturado, que em estudos sobre cicatrização de feridas mostrou atuar na mediação da resposta inflamatória e na diminuição da produção de óxido nítrico, acelerando o processo de reparo. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar morfométrica e histologicamente o aumento da viabilidade de retalhos cutâneos randomizados em ratos, tratados com uso tópico do ácido linoleico. Método: Vinte e quatro ratos Wistar machos divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos: grupo Controle ou Glicerina (GG, n = 8]. grupo Dersani® (GD, n = 8) e grupo Ácido Linoleico (GL, n = 8). Sob anestesia geral, foi elevado um retalho randômico modificado de McFarlane na região dorsal dos ratos. Resultados: A média da porcentagem da área de necrose dos retalhos foi: GG -44,49%, GD - 44,72% e GL - 44,20%. Estas não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas (P>0,05). A análise histológica não evidenciou diferenças significativas no grau de necrose ou processo inflamatório. Conclusão: Neste estudo, a aplicação tópica do AL não apresentou diferenças estatísticas significativas em aumentar a área de viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randomizado em ratos...

Análise da formação em saúde: uma cartografia das mudanças curriculares no ensino / Analysis of health education: a map of curricular changes in education

Objetivo: construir uma cartografia do trabalho docente a partir das mudanças produzidas com a incorporação de novos paradigmas pedagógicos na formação em saúde. A publicação da Portaria nº 2530/2005, do Ministério da Saúde, homologa a política de incentivo às mudanças curriculares dos cursos de graduação da área da saúde. Entretanto, os efeitos do processo de mudança curricular nos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem e Medicina da Fundação Educacional Serra dos Órgãos (FESO) ocorrem para além dos currículos, na medida em que abalam as formas de ser, de sentir e de agir dos docentes. Método: traçar uma cartografia da formação, tendo como instrumentos de pesquisa, o diário de pesquisa e a análise da implicação. Resultado: analisado à luz da Análise Institucional e da Esquizoanálise, o material exposto é composto pelos diários de pesquisa, que nesse trabalho foram tomados como um "dentro do texto" no sentido dado por Lourau. O material, fruto dos encontros no território da formação, que se dão a partir dos afetamentos no percurso do cartógrafo, servem de analisadores para se pensar as mudanças que se fizeram presentes no trabalho docente

Objective: To build a cartography of teaching from the changes produced with the incorporation of new pedagogical paradigms in health education. The publication of Ordinance No. 2530/2005, the Ministry of Health endorses the policy of encouraging curricular changes of undergraduate health care. However, the effects of the process of curriculum change in undergraduate courses in nursing and medicine of the Fundação Educacional Serra dos Órgãos (FESO), occur beyond the curriculum as it shakes the ways of being, feeling and acting teachers. Method: draw a map of the training, with the research instruments, the daily research and analysis of the implication. Result: examined in the light of Institutional Analysis and Schizoanalysis, the exposed material is composed of daily research, which in this study were taken as a "within text" in the sense given by Lourau. The material, as a result of encounters within the formation, which occur from the path affectations cartographer, serve as analyzers for thinking that the changes were present in teaching

Objetivo: Construir una cartografía de la enseñanza de los cambios producidos con la incorporación de nuevos paradigmas pedagógicos en educación para la salud. La publicación de la Ordenanza N º 2530/2005, el Ministerio de Salud apoya la política de fomento de los cambios curriculares de atención médica de pregrado. Sin embargo, los efectos de los procesos de cambio curricular en los cursos de licenciatura en enfermería y Medicina de la Fundação Educacional Serra dos Órgãos (FESO), ocurren más allá del plan de estudios, ya que niega las formas de ser, sentir y actuar maestros. Método: dibujar un mapa de la formación, con los instrumentos de investigación, la investigación y el análisis diario de la implicación. Resultado: Se examinó a la luz del análisis institucional y la esquizofrenia, el material expuesto se compone de investigación diaria, que en este estudio se tomaron como una "dentro del texto", en el sentido dado por Lourau. El material, como resultado de encuentros dentro de la formación, que se producen a partir de la ruta cartógrafo afectaciones, sirven como analizadores para pensar que los cambios estaban presentes en la enseñanza

Quality of life and deglutition after total laryngectomy

Introduction: Total laryngectomy creates deglutition disorders and causes a decrease in quality of life Aim: To describe the impact of swallowing and quality of life of patients after total laryngectomy. Method: A case series study. Patients completed a Swallowing and Quality of Life questionnaire composed of 44 questions assessing 11 domains related to quality of life (burden, eating duration, eating desire, frequency of symptoms, food selection, communication, fear, mental health, social functioning, sleep, and fatigue). The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, including measures of central tendency and variability. Results: The sample comprised 15 patients who underwent total laryngectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy. Of these, 66.7% classified their health as good and 73% reported no restrictions on food consistency. The domains "communication" and "fear" represented severe impact and "eating duration" represented moderate impact on quality of life. The items with lower scores were: longer time to eat than others (domain "eating duration"), cough and cough to remove the liquid or food of the mouth when they are stopped (domain "symptom frequency"), difficulties in understanding (domain "communication") and fear of choking and having pneumonia (domain "fear"). Conclusion: After total laryngectomy, patients report that swallowing issues have moderate to severe impact in "communication," "fear," and "eating duration" domains...

Analysis of training in the health area: a map of curricular changes in education

Objective: To build a map of teaching work, starting from the changes produced with the insertion of new pedagogical paradigms in health education. The publication of Ordinance No. 2530/2005, of the Ministry of Health, ratifies the policy for encouraging the curricular changes of the health care undergraduate courses. However, the effects of the process of curriculum changes in the undergraduate nursing course go beyond the curricula as they undermine teachers' ways of being, feeling and acting. Method: Drawing a training map with the assistance of research instruments, namely a research diary and implication analysis. The estimated time for completion of this study is 24 months. Results: The results will be analyzed based on the Institutional Analysis. The ethical aspects shall be respected according to Resolution 196/96.