RESUMO
Precision and organization govern the cell cycle, ensuring normal proliferation. However, some cells may undergo abnormal cell divisions (neosis) or variations of mitotic cycles (endopolyploidy). Consequently, the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), critical for tumor survival, resistance, and immortalization, can occur. Newly formed cells end up accessing numerous multicellular and unicellular programs that enable metastasis, drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and self-renewal or diverse clone formation. An integrative literature review was carried out, searching articles in several sites, including: PUBMED, NCBI-PMC, and Google Academic, published in English, indexed in referenced databases and without a publication time filter, but prioritizing articles from the last 3 years, to answer the following questions: (i) "What is the current knowledge about polyploidy in tumors?"; (ii) "What are the applications of computational studies for the understanding of cancer polyploidy?"; and (iii) "How do PGCCs contribute to tumorigenesis?"
Assuntos
Células Gigantes , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Humanos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Células Gigantes/metabolismo , Células Gigantes/patologia , Poliploidia , Biologia ComputacionalRESUMO
Uma lista das espécies de Chalcididae (Hymenoptera, Insecta) é apresentada para o Estado do Espírito Santo. Os exemplares são procedentes de 22 localidades e pertencem a 37 espécies e 11 gêneros, sendo que somente duas espécies e cinco gêneros já haviam sido registrados para o Estado. Sete espécies e um gênero são novos registros para o Brasil e duas espécies são registradas pela primeira vez para a região Neotropical. A composição desta fauna é discutida em relação à distribuição geográfica das espécies.
A checklist of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera, Insecta) species is presented for the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Specimens were collected in 22 localities and belong to 37 species and 11 genera. Only two species and five genera have been previously recorded for the state. Seven species and one genus are recorded for the first time for Brazil and two species are new records for the Neotropical region. The geographic distribution of these species is discussed.
