Bovine mastitis caused by multidrug-resistant Nocardia farcinica

Background: Mastitis caused by Nocardia is characterized by pyogranulomatous inflammation related to inadequatehygiene conditions and is difficult to treat. Prompted by the absence of documentation of Nocardia farcinica associated tobovine mastitis in the Northeast region of Brazil, this is the first report to describe bovine mastitis caused by multidrugresistant N. farcinica.Case: Four milk samples (one from each teat) obtained from a 3-year-old Jersey cow raised on a property located in the metropolitan region of Recife, Pernambuco state, Brazil, were submitted to the Laboratory of Infectious-Contagious Diseases ofthe Veterinary Hospital at Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco [UFRPE]. At the laboratory, samples were cultured inbase agar enriched with 7% sheep blood (blood agar) in a microbiological incubator at 37°C under aerobic conditions for 72h. After only 48 h, however, pure bacterial colony growth was observed in all samples. Macroscopic analysis revealed smallcolonies, with an irregular shape, dry aspect, and greyish in color. Gram-positive rods forming filaments and/or ramificationswere observed using a Gram staining method. Nocardia spp. were identified according to morphotinctorial characteristics.Susceptibility testing using the disc-diffusion method in agar (antibiogram) was performed using the following antibiotics:penicillin (10 IU), tetracycline (30 µg), amoxicillin (10 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), cephalexin (30 µg), erythromycin (15 µg),cephalothin (30 µg) and ampicillin (30 µg). However, the organism exhibited resistance to all drugs; as such, a new milksample was obtained at the same location the initial samples were collected. Samples (approximately 5 mL) were collectedaseptically and separately from all four teats in sterile bottles, during which the presence of granular material was noted.Bacterial culture was performed as...(AU)

Bovine mastitis caused by multidrug-resistant Nocardia farcinica

Background: Mastitis caused by Nocardia is characterized by pyogranulomatous inflammation related to inadequatehygiene conditions and is difficult to treat. Prompted by the absence of documentation of Nocardia farcinica associated tobovine mastitis in the Northeast region of Brazil, this is the first report to describe bovine mastitis caused by multidrugresistant N. farcinica.Case: Four milk samples (one from each teat) obtained from a 3-year-old Jersey cow raised on a property located in the metropolitan region of Recife, Pernambuco state, Brazil, were submitted to the Laboratory of Infectious-Contagious Diseases ofthe Veterinary Hospital at Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco [UFRPE]. At the laboratory, samples were cultured inbase agar enriched with 7% sheep blood (blood agar) in a microbiological incubator at 37°C under aerobic conditions for 72h. After only 48 h, however, pure bacterial colony growth was observed in all samples. Macroscopic analysis revealed smallcolonies, with an irregular shape, dry aspect, and greyish in color. Gram-positive rods forming filaments and/or ramificationswere observed using a Gram staining method. Nocardia spp. were identified according to morphotinctorial characteristics.Susceptibility testing using the disc-diffusion method in agar (antibiogram) was performed using the following antibiotics:penicillin (10 IU), tetracycline (30 µg), amoxicillin (10 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), cephalexin (30 µg), erythromycin (15 µg),cephalothin (30 µg) and ampicillin (30 µg). However, the organism exhibited resistance to all drugs; as such, a new milksample was obtained at the same location the initial samples were collected. Samples (approximately 5 mL) were collectedaseptically and separately from all four teats in sterile bottles, during which the presence of granular material was noted.Bacterial culture was performed as...

Melanoma em cabra leiteira / Melanoma in a dairy goat

Background: Skin neoplasms in goats, albeit less frequent than in equines and cattle, are no less important, given thatthe presence of melanoma is worrisome due to its local and metastatic aggressiveness, which leads to death, especially innortheastern Brazil, where ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels are high, being an important factor the development of thisneoplasia, especially in light-skinned animals. This report describes the clinical and pathological aspects, beyond the attempted surgical treatment a case of Saanen goat melanoma raised in Feira Nova, Pernambuco, Brazil.Case: A 4-year-old pregnant Saanen goat was treated at the AGA/UFRPE. The animal presented blackened fetid masseslocated on the lower lip and ventral region of the jaw that had grown for two months. In addition to the tumor, a physicalexamination revealed altered submandibular and left prescapular lymph nodes. Local anesthesia and sedation were applied and both neoplasms were excised. The goat was then medicated with anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drugs anddischarged. However, 45 days later, the goat returned with multiple nodules similar in appearance to the previous one andin a severe clinical condition, characterized by pale mucous membranes, dehydration, enophthalmia, bilateral nasal seroussecretion and enlargement of the lymph nodes mandibular, retro pharyngeal and right paratid, as well as slight respiratorysnores in the ventral portion of lungs and productive cough. Due to the unfavorable prognosis, the animal was euthanized.Macroscopic findings revealed multiple nodular, infiltrative and blackened lesions on the tongue, lung, kidneys and liver,enlarged and blackened lymph nodes, and sagittal section of the cervical spine identified a dark spot on the seventh thoracic vertebra. In the histological evaluation of necrotic lesions present in the skin, lung, liver and kidneys was observednodular...(AU)

Melanoma em cabra leiteira / Melanoma in a dairy goat

Background: Skin neoplasms in goats, albeit less frequent than in equines and cattle, are no less important, given thatthe presence of melanoma is worrisome due to its local and metastatic aggressiveness, which leads to death, especially innortheastern Brazil, where ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels are high, being an important factor the development of thisneoplasia, especially in light-skinned animals. This report describes the clinical and pathological aspects, beyond the attempted surgical treatment a case of Saanen goat melanoma raised in Feira Nova, Pernambuco, Brazil.Case: A 4-year-old pregnant Saanen goat was treated at the AGA/UFRPE. The animal presented blackened fetid masseslocated on the lower lip and ventral region of the jaw that had grown for two months. In addition to the tumor, a physicalexamination revealed altered submandibular and left prescapular lymph nodes. Local anesthesia and sedation were applied and both neoplasms were excised. The goat was then medicated with anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drugs anddischarged. However, 45 days later, the goat returned with multiple nodules similar in appearance to the previous one andin a severe clinical condition, characterized by pale mucous membranes, dehydration, enophthalmia, bilateral nasal seroussecretion and enlargement of the lymph nodes mandibular, retro pharyngeal and right paratid, as well as slight respiratorysnores in the ventral portion of lungs and productive cough. Due to the unfavorable prognosis, the animal was euthanized.Macroscopic findings revealed multiple nodular, infiltrative and blackened lesions on the tongue, lung, kidneys and liver,enlarged and blackened lymph nodes, and sagittal section of the cervical spine identified a dark spot on the seventh thoracic vertebra. In the histological evaluation of necrotic lesions present in the skin, lung, liver and kidneys was observednodular...

Prevention of acute ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep by probiotic or monensin supplementation: clinical aspects / Prevenção da acidose láctica ruminal aguda em ovinos através da suplementação com leveduras ou monensina: aspectos clínicos

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two additives (probiotic and monensin) over clinical parameters of sheep submitted to acute ruminal lactic acidosis (ARLA). Eighteen sheeps were divided into three groups of six animals each as follows: probiotic group, supplemented with 4×109 CFU/animal/day of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; monensin group, supplemented with 33 mg of monensin sodium per kg of diet; and control group, without any supplementation. After 30 days of diet (75% of Coast-cross hay and 25% concentrate with 14% of crude protein) and additive intake, ARLA was induced in the all animals by intraruminal administration of 15g of sucrose per kilogram (kg) of body weight. Complete physical examinations to assess the vital signs of the animals were conducted at the following times: baseline (T0), six (T6h), 12 (T12h), 18 (T18h), 24 (T24h), 36 (T36h), and 48 (T48h) hours after ARLA induction. At those times, blood samples were obtained to determine the plasma volume deficit (PVD) and ruminal content for pH measurement. All animals experienced clinical signs of ARLA with ruminal pH lower than 4.9 at T24h. The heart rate and PVD were lower (P < 0.05) in the probiotic group at T36h. Compared to the control and monensin groups, the probiotic group experienced milder ARLA characterized by lower degrees of dehydration and fewer clinical symptoms.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de dois aditivos (probiótico e monensina sódica) sobre a parâmetros clínicos de ovinos submetidos a acidose láctica ruminal aguda (ALRA). Dezoito ovinos foram divididos em três grupos com seis animais cada assim constituídos: Probiótico, suplementado com 4x109 ufc/animal/dia de Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Monensina, suplementado com 33 mg/kg de monensina sódica; Controle, sem aditivo. Após 30 dias de oferecimento da dieta (75% feno de Coast-cross e 25% concentrado com 14% de proteína bruta) e aditivos, os animais foram submetidos à indução de ALRA por meio da administração intraruminal de 15 gramas de sacarose por kg de peso vivo. Foi realizado exame físico completo nos animais com aferição dos parâmetros vitais nos seguintes momentos: basal (T0), seis (T6h), doze (T12h), 18 (T18h), 24 (T24h), 36 (T36h) e 48 (T48h) horas após a indução da ALRA. Em todos os momentos de avaliação foram obtidas amostras de sangue para determinação do déficit de volume plasmático (DVP) e de conteúdo ruminal para aferição do pH. Todos os animais apresentaram quadro de ALRA com pH ruminal menor que 4,9 no T24h, sem diferença entre os grupos (p = 0.092). A frequência cardíaca e o DVP foram inferiores (P<0,05) no grupo Probiótico no T36h. Os animais do grupo Probiótico apresentaram quadro de ALRA mais branda observada por menor grau de desidratação e menor ocorrência de sintomas clínicos em relação aos animais dos grupos controle e monensina.(AU)

Prevention of acute ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep by probiotic or monensin supplementation: clinical aspects / Prevenção da acidose láctica ruminal aguda em ovinos através da suplementação com leveduras ou monensina: aspectos clínicos

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two additives (probiotic and monensin) over clinical parameters of sheep submitted to acute ruminal lactic acidosis (ARLA). Eighteen sheeps were divided into three groups of six animals each as follows: probiotic group, supplemented with 4×109 CFU/animal/day of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; monensin group, supplemented with 33 mg of monensin sodium per kg of diet; and control group, without any supplementation. After 30 days of diet (75% of Coast-cross hay and 25% concentrate with 14% of crude protein) and additive intake, ARLA was induced in the all animals by intraruminal administration of 15g of sucrose per kilogram (kg) of body weight. Complete physical examinations to assess the vital signs of the animals were conducted at the following times: baseline (T0), six (T6h), 12 (T12h), 18 (T18h), 24 (T24h), 36 (T36h), and 48 (T48h) hours after ARLA induction. At those times, blood samples were obtained to determine the plasma volume deficit (PVD) and ruminal content for pH measurement. All animals experienced clinical signs of ARLA with ruminal pH lower than 4.9 at T24h. The heart rate and PVD were lower (P < 0.05) in the probiotic group at T36h. Compared to the control and monensin groups, the probiotic group experienced milder ARLA characterized by lower degrees of dehydration and fewer clinical symptoms.

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de dois aditivos (probiótico e monensina sódica) sobre a parâmetros clínicos de ovinos submetidos a acidose láctica ruminal aguda (ALRA). Dezoito ovinos foram divididos em três grupos com seis animais cada assim constituídos: Probiótico, suplementado com 4x109 ufc/animal/dia de Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Monensina, suplementado com 33 mg/kg de monensina sódica; Controle, sem aditivo. Após 30 dias de oferecimento da dieta (75% feno de Coast-cross e 25% concentrado com 14% de proteína bruta) e aditivos, os animais foram submetidos à indução de ALRA por meio da administração intraruminal de 15 gramas de sacarose por kg de peso vivo. Foi realizado exame físico completo nos animais com aferição dos parâmetros vitais nos seguintes momentos: basal (T0), seis (T6h), doze (T12h), 18 (T18h), 24 (T24h), 36 (T36h) e 48 (T48h) horas após a indução da ALRA. Em todos os momentos de avaliação foram obtidas amostras de sangue para determinação do déficit de volume plasmático (DVP) e de conteúdo ruminal para aferição do pH. Todos os animais apresentaram quadro de ALRA com pH ruminal menor que 4,9 no T24h, sem diferença entre os grupos (p = 0.092). A frequência cardíaca e o DVP foram inferiores (P<0,05) no grupo Probiótico no T36h. Os animais do grupo Probiótico apresentaram quadro de ALRA mais branda observada por menor grau de desidratação e menor ocorrência de sintomas clínicos em relação aos animais dos grupos controle e monensina.