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1.
J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods ; 88(Pt 1): 100-108, 2017 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28797764

RESUMO

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are a group of conditions that result in TMJ pain, which frequently limits basic daily activities. Experimental models that allow the study of the mechanisms underlying these inflammatory and pain conditions are of great clinical relevance. The aim of this study was to evaluate nociception, inflammation and participation of the macrophage/microglia cells in the arthritis of the TMJ induced by two phlogistic agents. 84 rats were divided into 2 groups: Zy, which received zymosan intra-articularly, or Cg, which received carrageenan intra-articularly. Mechanical nociception, total leukocyte influx to the synovial fluid and histopathological analyses were evaluated in the TMJ. The participation of macrophage/microglia located in trigeminal ganglia (TG) and in the subnucleus caudalis (V-SnC) was assessed immunohistochemically. Both agents induced mechanical hyperalgesia 6h after the induction, but a more persistent algesic state was perceived in the Cg group, which lasted for 120h. Even though both groups presented increased leukocyte influx, the Zy-group presented a more intense influx. Zymosan recruited resident macrophage in the trigeminal ganglia 24h after the injection. In the V-SnC, the group Cg presented a more prolonged immunolabeling pattern in comparison with the group Zy. It can be concluded that zymosan induced a more intense infiltrate and peripheral nervous changes, while Cg lead to a moderate TMJ inflammation with prominent changes in the V-SnC.


Assuntos
Artrite/fisiopatologia , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatologia , Medição da Dor/métodos , Dor/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/fisiopatologia , Animais , Artrite/induzido quimicamente , Artrite/diagnóstico , Artrite/patologia , Carragenina/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperalgesia/patologia , Injeções Intra-Articulares , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Microglia/patologia , Nociceptividade/efeitos dos fármacos , Nociceptividade/fisiologia , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Dor/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos Wistar , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/patologia , Gânglio Trigeminal/citologia , Gânglio Trigeminal/efeitos dos fármacos , Zimosan/farmacologia
2.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 174: 452-63, 2015 Nov 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26341615

RESUMO

The ethyl acetate extract from the fruit pulp of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm (Caryocaraceae), popularly known as pequi, has wide applications in popular medicine. Preclinical tests have demonstrated the therapeutic properties of the oil. We investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Pequi C. coriaceum Wittm ethyl acetate extract (PCCO) on zymosan-induced arthritis in rat knee joint. The animals were pretreated with PCCO for 7 consecutive days or with a single dose. Paw elevation time (PET), leukocyte infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and cytokine levels were assessed 4h after zymosan injection. Synovial tissue was harvested for immunohistochemical analysis, edema and vascular permeability. We observed a significant decrease in PET with PCCO pretreatment. PCCO showed a significant reduction of leukocyte migration and a decrease in MPO. Decreases were observed in cytokine release in the synovial fluid and TNF-α and cyclooxygenase-1 immunostaining in synovial tissue. Edema was inhibited by treatment with all doses of PCCO. The data suggest that PCCO exerts antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects on arthritis in rats.


Assuntos
Analgésicos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Artrite Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Ericales/química , Frutas/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Analgésicos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/isolamento & purificação , Artrite Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Artrite Experimental/patologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/patologia , Articulações/patologia , Masculino , Infiltração de Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Líquido Sinovial/efeitos dos fármacos , Líquido Sinovial/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Zimosan
3.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 90(11): 1479-89, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23181276

RESUMO

Electroacupuncture (EA) and cannabinoids have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in animal models of arthritis. Male Wistar rats were injected with saline or zymosan (2 mg) into the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). EA (10 Hz, 30 min) was performed 2 h after or 1 h before zymosan administration. AM251 or AM630 (3 mg/kg, i.p.)were administered before EA treatment. Mechanical hypernociception was accessed after zymosan administration. Rats were sacrificed 6 h after zymosan administration and the joint was removed for histopathological analysis. The gene expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors was assessed after sacrifice of the TMJ arthritic animals. EA inhibited zymosan-induced hypernociception (p < 0.05). AM251 reversed significantly the antinociceptive effect of EA, suggesting that the CB1 receptor is involved in this effect. AM630 reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of EA. CB1 and CB2 receptor gene expression was upregulated 6 h after zymosan-induced arthritis in the EA-treated group. We observed downregulation of CB2 receptor gene expression in the EA group at the 24th hour compared with the 6th hour. Higher CB1 receptor gene expression was also found compared with the 6th hour. EA produced antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, and these effects appeared to be mediated through CB1 and CB2 receptor activation.


Assuntos
Artrite Experimental/terapia , Eletroacupuntura , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/metabolismo , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/metabolismo , Articulação Temporomandibular/imunologia , Núcleo Espinal do Trigêmeo/metabolismo , Analgesia por Acupuntura/métodos , Animais , Artrite Experimental/imunologia , Artrite Experimental/metabolismo , Artrite Experimental/prevenção & controle , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Baixo , Indóis/farmacologia , Masculino , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Nociceptividade/efeitos dos fármacos , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Pirazóis/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/genética , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/genética , Articulação Temporomandibular/efeitos dos fármacos , Articulação Temporomandibular/inervação , Articulação Temporomandibular/patologia , Núcleo Espinal do Trigêmeo/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Espinal do Trigêmeo/imunologia , Núcleo Espinal do Trigêmeo/patologia , Regulação para Cima , Zimosan
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