Total mouth photodynamic therapy mediated by red LED and porphyrin in individuals with AIDS.

Due to the immune changes resulting from HIV/AIDS infection, systemic and local infections throughout the body are common. The use of high activity antiretroviral therapy has been widely used during treatment, which, added to the use of antibiotics, antifungals, and the patients' own immunocompromised state, cause important changes in the oral microbiota. The emergence of pathological microorganisms and with high resistance to drug therapies are frequent and cause serious damage to the oral health of these patients. In this sense, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) appears as a promising alternative in the control of these oral infections. The aim of the study was to test the effectiveness of a therapeutic protocol for total oral aPDT mediated by a 660-nm red LED (light-emitting diode) associated with porphyrin in individuals with AIDS. Patients were selected by exclusion criteria and randomly distributed into groups to test the effectiveness of antimicrobial aPDT with 50 µg/ml porphyrin associated with the red LED. Before and after the treatments, saliva samples were collected and processed in duplicate in selective culture media. Colonies were counted and the results obtained in Log10 CFU/ml and tested statistically. It was concluded that aPDT was effective in reducing oral enterobacteria, in addition to reducing Streptococcus spp. and general count of microorganisms, when considering the numbers of TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocytes.

Photodynamic therapry with curcumin in the reduction of enterococcus faecalis biofilm in bone cavity: rMicrobiological and spectral fluorescense analysis.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to conventional procedures using antibiotics. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of PDT using blue light emitting diode (LED) associated with curcumin on biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis in bovine bone cavities and also to analyze the presence of these biofilms through spectral fluorescence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardized suspensions of E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) were incubated in artificial bone cavities for 14 days at 36 °C ± 1 °C for biofilm formation. The test specimens were distributed among the four experimental groups (n = 10): L-C- (control), L + C- (LED for 5 min), L-C+ (curcumin for 5 min) and L + C+ (PDT). Aliquots were collected from the bone cavities after treatments and seeded on BHI agar for 24 h at 36 °C ± 1 °C for CFU count. Before and after each treatment the specimens were submitted to spectral fluorescence, whose images were compared in the Image J program. The log10 CFU/mL results were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test (5%) and the biofilm fluorescence spectroscopy results were submitted to the Wilcoxon test (5%). RESULTS: All treatments presented statistical difference when compared to the control, and PDT was responsible for the largest reduction (1.92 log10 CFU/mL). There was a reduction in the fluorescence emitted after the treatments, with greater statistical difference in the PDT group. CONCLUSION: PDT was efficient in the reduction of E. faecalis biofilms. In all groups post treatment there was a significant reduction of biofilms in the fluorescence spectroscopy images with greater reduction in the PDT group.

Total mouth photodynamic therapy mediated by blue led and curcumin in individuals with AIDS.

OBJECTIVES: To test the effectiveness of an efficient therapeutic protocol for the total mouth antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by 450 nm blue LED associated with curcumin in individuals with AIDS. METHODS: Patients were selected by exclusion criteria and randomly distributed in groups to test the effectiveness of antimicrobial aPDT with curcumin 0.75 mg/mL associated with the blue LED (67 mW/cm2, 20.1 J/cm2). Before and after the treatments, samples were collected from the saliva being processed in duplicate in selective culture media. The colonies were counted and the results obtained in log10 CFU/mL were statistically tested (T-paired statistical test, 5%). RESULTS: The log10 CFU/mL of Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and total count of microorganisms showed statistically significant (p = 0.023; p = 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively) reduction after treatment in patients with aPDT. CONCLUSION: aPDT was effective in reducing Streptococcusspp. in addition to reducing Staphylococcusspp., enterobacteria and the total count of microorganisms when considering the numbers of TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocytes. The aPDT in the studied protocol was able to control clinically important intraoral microorganisms for AIDS patients, both those with TCD4 lymphocytes above or below 25% of normal and those with TCD8 lymphocytes above 25% of normal.

Reduced methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation in bone cavities by photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative for the treatment of infectious bone lesions in the oral cavity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of PDT using blue LED associated with curcumin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms (MRSA) in bovine bone cavities by fluorescence spectroscopy. Standardized suspensions of MRSA culture were inoculated into bone lesions to form biofilm. Forty bone species were distributed in three distinct groups: L-C- (control); L + C- (LED for 5 min); L-C+ (curcumin incubation for 5 min) and L + C+ (PDT). Aliquots of 100 µL were collected from the bone cavities after the treatments and were cultived in BHI for 24 h at 36 °C ±â€¯1 and bacterial colonies counting were performed. Statistical analysis were performed using the paired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the variables studied. RESULTS: The control and PDT groups presented statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). It was possible to reduce 3.666 log10 CFU/mL of MRSA and a reduction in the fluorescence emitted after the treatments was observed. The MRSA reduction in biofilms by PDT was the most efficient treatmnent. There was a significant reduction of biofilms in the L + C- and non-PDT groups by fluorescence spectroscopy images.