Glycemia and associated factors in a pediatric population in Mexico.

Aims: In this study, we evaluated the association of sociodemographic, lifestyle and cardiometabolic factors with blood glucose levels in children and adolescents in Mexico. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study of 642 children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years from different educational centers located in municipalities of the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, was carried out. Pearson χ2 and Spearman correlation tests and multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations of the variables with glycemia. Results: The prevalence of prediabetes was 8.0% in both sexes. Male participants were more likely to develop hyperglycemia than female participants (OR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5-5.0). The variables associated with glucose levels were male sex, high socioeconomic status, inadequate diet, high blood pressure, and increased total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, which also explained up to 15.6% (p < 0.05) of the variability in glucose concentrations. Conclusion: The detection of sociodemographic, lifestyle and cardiometabolic factors in children and adolescents will contribute to the implementation of prevention strategies for cardiometabolic diseases, among which prediabetes is common.

Uricaemia and associated health determinants in a paediatric population in Mexico.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Uric acid (UA) is a product of the catabolism of purines, and its increase in blood may be related to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Whether UA is the result or causal determinant of the appearance of risk factors for cardiometabolic disease is not yet known. UA levels among the young student population in San Luis Potosi have increased in recent years, which may be indicative of a serious future public health concern. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of sociodemographic, lifestyle and cardiometabolic determinants with UA levels in children and adolescents in San Luis Potosí. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 730 students (54.1% female and 45.9% male, 6-19 years old) participated in the study. The subjects attended one of five public schools located in San Luis Potosí. Venous blood samples were collected, blood serum was separated by centrifugation, and UA concentrations were measured with an automated analytical platform. UA was associated with most of the independent variables studied. It presented a positive correlation with body mass index (r = 0.363, p < 0.01). Male sex, socioeconomic status, total screen time, exercise, adequate sleep, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol explained 23%-39% (p < 0.001) of the variability of plasma concentrations of UA in children and adolescents. CONCLUSION: Early detection of these determinants will prevent future diseases. Moreover, it will help with the implementation of preventive strategies that could improve the health of this population.

One-year follow-up changes in weight are associated with changes in blood pressure in young Mexican adults.

OBJECTIVE: Increasing overweight and obesity rates in Mexico have been associated with increases in mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study assessed changes in body mass index (BMI) and body weight over 1 year, and explored whether these were associated with changes in CVD risk factors of blood pressure and fasting glucose in a cohort of young Mexican adults. STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal data were obtained from a cohort of young Mexican adults applying to college. METHODS: Data were collected from college applicants for the 2008 academic year who re-applied in 2009. In total, 795 college applicants aged 18-20 years, of both sexes (48% males and 52% females), were included in the study. The screen included height, weight, and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure measurements plus a blood draw following an overnight fast for fasting glucose. RESULTS: At baseline, 31.8% of the participants were overweight or obese. The mean 1-year change in body weight and BMI were 0.80 kg and 0.35 kg/m(2), respectively. One-year changes in body weight and BMI were associated with increased SBP and DBP for both men and women (P < 0.05), independent of baseline BMI. A weight gain of 5% or more was positively associated with increases in blood pressure among women (P < 0.05), but not among men. A weight loss of 5% or more was associated with reductions in SBP among women. CONCLUSIONS: One-year changes in weight were associated with changes in blood pressure.

[Prevalences of diabetes, glucose intolerance, hyperlipemia and risk factors as a function of socioeconomic level]. / Prevalencias de diabetes, intolerancia a la glucosa, hiperlipemia y factores de riesgo en función de nivel socioeconómico.

We studied the prevalence of non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) and hyperlipemia in older than 15 years old population in the city of San Luis Potosi and in a rural area 50 km north of this city. They are located in the state of San Luis Potosi in the central plateau of Mexico. A total of 1136 subjects were surveyed (645 males, 491 females). Weight and height were measured and the body mass index (BMI) calculated in all subjects. After a fasting capillary sample was obtained, 75 g of glucose were given and a second sample was taken 120 minutes later. The WHO recommendations for diagnosis of DM were used. The overall prevalence of DM was 10.0%: the lowest rate was for individuals in the rural area (0.9%) which contrasts with the 11% seen in the urban population (p 0.0001). In the urban subjects, the highest rates were observed in the very low income group (27.7%) whereas the low income group had a rate of 6.2%; the prevalence was 7.0, 7.7 and 18.2% in the medium, high medium and high socioeconomic groups. The prevalence was influenced by age, BMI, sex (males = 6.8% females = 14.3%) and socioeconomic status; hypercholesterolemia (> 200 mg/dL) was found in 16%. In conclusion, we have documented high rates of NIDDM in a mexican urban population with very high levels in the very poor which contrasts with the rural population.