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1.
J Pharm Pharmacol ; 73(1): 82-92, 2021 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33791804

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of the in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract obtained from the aerial parts of Mitracarpus frigidus (MFM) in the infection caused by two Salmonella strains and its chemical fingerprint by UFLC-quadrupole time of flight-MS. METHODS: The efficacy of MFM was investigated in a classical in-vivo Salmonella infection mouse model. A Salmonella reference strain (ATCC 13311) and a clinical isolate were used to infect mice and then MFM was orally administered during 14 days. At the end of the treatment with MFM, the infection and inflammatory levels were assayed. KEY FINDINGS: MFM treatment showed a significant reduction in mice mortality by Salmonella infection and, also, did not cause alterations in the liver function. Inhibitions of inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators [malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, and metalloproteinase] were possibly involved in the observed effects. Chlorogenic acid, clarinoside, quercetin-pentosylhexoside, rutin, kaempferol-3O-rutinoside, kaempferol-rhamnosylhexoside and 2-azaanthraquinone were identified in MFM. CONCLUSIONS: MFM was effective in some inflammatory parameters, in the experimental conditions that were used in the study. The results presented in this study and the previous in-vitro anti-Salmonella activity reported by our research group reinforce the importance of MFM studies to considerer it as an alternative treatment for salmonellosis.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Rubiaceae/química , Infecções por Salmonella , Animais , Antibacterianos/análise , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/análise , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Catalase/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inflamação/etiologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Metaloproteases/metabolismo , Camundongos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/uso terapêutico , Componentes Aéreos da Planta , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções por Salmonella/complicações , Infecções por Salmonella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Salmonella/metabolismo , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Especificidade da Espécie
2.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 198: 399-406, 2017 Feb 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28115286

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Vernonia condensata Baker (Asteraceae) is traditionally used in South American Countries as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and hepatoprotective. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate the in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidant, and the in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of the ethyl acetate partition (EAP) from the ethanolic extract of this medicinal plant leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the in vivo hepatoprotective activity, rats were pretreated orally for seven days with vehicle, silymarin 100mg/kg or EAP 50, 100 and 200mg/kg. Then, acetaminophen 3g/kg was also orally administrated. Animals were euthanatized 24h after the damage inducement. The levels of the serum enzymes ALT, AST and ALP were determined, as well as the triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by TBARS assay and by the measurement of glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the rats liver tissue. The in vitro anti-inflammatory assay using Raw 264.7 cell line induced by lipopolysaccharide was conducted to verify EAP ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: EAP was able to inhibit all the acute biochemical alterations caused by acetaminophen overdose. EAP inhibited malondialdehyde formation, maintained the catalase and increased the glutathione reductase activities. Also, EAP decreased NO, IL-6 and TNF-α levels at concentrations from 10 to 20µg/mL. 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid was isolated and identified as the major compound in EAP. Apigenin, luteolin, chlorogenic acid were also identified. EAP anti-inflammatory action may be due to its antioxidant activity or its capacity to inhibit the pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggested that V. condensata may be useful as a possible therapy against liver damage.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/prevenção & controle , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Vernonia/química , Acetaminofen/administração & dosagem , Acetaminofen/toxicidade , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Anticolesterolemiantes/administração & dosagem , Anticolesterolemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/etiologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Overdose de Drogas , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Folhas de Planta , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Silimarina/farmacologia
3.
J Pharm Pharmacol ; 68(1): 128-38, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26727296

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the in-vivo wound healing and in-vitro antioxidant activity of gels containing the ethyl acetate extract of Cecropia pachystachya (ECP) 2% and 5%, and to perform the chemical fingerprint of ECP by HPLC-DAD. METHODS: The wound healing activity of the gels was evaluated for 21 days, using the excision model in rats followed by histopathological and histomorphometric analysis. The in-vitro antioxidant effect of ECP was investigated using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, reducing power, ß-carotene bleaching and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assays. Also, a HPLC analysis was performed to identify the chemical markers orientin, iso-orientin and chlorogenic acid. KEY FINDINGS: The group of animals treated with ECP 5% presented oedema and inflammatory infiltrate with less intensity than the other groups. Both ECP 2% and 5% gels showed less neovascularization and cellularity, and better tissue repair when compared to the control, which showed a younger and homogeneous tissue. CONCLUSIONS: This study had demonstrated that the ECP gels promoted the acceleration of the healing process when compared to the control group. Wound contraction, angiogenesis, epithelialization and the collagen deposition support further evaluation of C. pachystachya leaves in the topical treatment and management of skin wounds.


Assuntos
Cecropia/química , Géis/química , Géis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Ácido Clorogênico/química , Flavonoides/química , Glucosídeos/química , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/química
4.
Biomed Res Int ; 2014: 941318, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24901000

RESUMO

The aims of this work were to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo schistosomicidal properties of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Mitracarpus frigidus (MFM) and to determine its HPLC profile. For the in vitro experiment, four pairs of adult worms, obtained from infected mice, were exposed to different concentrations of MFM (100 to 400 µg/mL) for 24 and 48 h and analyzed under an inverted microscope. For the in vivo experiment, mice were inoculated with cercariae and, 20 days after infection, MFM (100 and 300 mg/kg) was administered orally for the following 25 days. Mice were euthanized after 60 days. MFM showed in vitro schistosomicidal activity, exhibiting the opening of the gynaecophoral canal of some male schistosomes, the presence of contorted muscles, vesicles, and the darkening of the paired worms skin. In vivo experiments showed that MFM treatments significantly reduced total worm count, as praziquantel, showing a decrease in liver and spleen weight. Also, a significant reduction in granuloma density was observed. MFM treatment did not cause alterations in the liver function of either infected or noninfected mice. The HPLC chromatogram profile showed the presence of kaempferol-O-rutinoside, rutin, kaempferol, psychorubrin, and ursolic acid.


Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Rubiaceae/química , Schistosoma mansoni/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Feminino , Granuloma/tratamento farmacológico , Quempferóis/química , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Naftoquinonas/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Rutina/química , Esquistossomicidas/farmacologia , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Triterpenos/química , Ácido Ursólico
5.
Biomed Res Int ; 2014: 301294, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24877079

RESUMO

Cecropia pachystachya is a species traditionally used in Brazil to treat inflammation. This work aims to evaluate the topical anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of C. pachystachya (CPM) and to perform its chemical fingerprint by HPLC-DAD. The topical anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the mouse models of acute ear inflammation induced by croton oil, arachidonic acid, capsaicin, EPP, phenol, and chronic inflammation induced by multiple application of croton oil. The in vitro antioxidant effect of CPM was investigated using DPPH, reducing power, ß -carotene bleaching, and TBARS assays. HPLC analysis was performed to quantify the antioxidant phenolics orientin, isoorientin, and chlorogenic acid previously identified in CPM. CPM exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effect in the acute models, in some cases comparable to the reference drugs. Histopathological analysis showed a moderate chronic skin anti-inflammatory effect with decrease in vasodilation, edema, cell infiltration, and epidermal hyperproliferation. It also showed strong in vitro antioxidant activity. The contents of orientin, isoorientin, and chlorogenic acid were 66.5 ± 1.8, 118.8 ± 0.7, and 5.4 ± 0.2 µg/mg extract, respectively. The topical anti-inflammatory activity of CPM could be based on its antioxidant properties, although other effects are probably involved, including COX inhibition and other mechanisms.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cecropia/química , Dermatite/tratamento farmacológico , Otopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Administração Tópica , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Antioxidantes/química , Dermatite/metabolismo , Dermatite/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Otopatias/induzido quimicamente , Otopatias/metabolismo , Otopatias/patologia , Epiderme/metabolismo , Epiderme/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química
6.
Phytother Res ; 27(6): 926-30, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22933394

RESUMO

Cecropia pachystachya is widely used in the traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory, antitusive, expectorant, antiasthmatic and hypoglycemic. It is also commercially available to treat skin cancer. To validate some of the popular uses of this species, its methanol leaves extract (CPM) was tested for anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and cytotoxic effects. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by croton oil-induced ear edema test. When used orally, the anti-inflammatory effect of CPM at 300 mg/kg was similar to that of indomethacin with 53% inhibition of the ear edema. Also, results on topical treatment were similar to that of dexamethasone with 83% inhibition of the edema. To evaluate the antinociceptive activity, acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced pain tests were employed. CPM (100 and 300 mg/kg) reduced the number of writhing by 61% and 67%, respectively. In both doses, the activity was comparable to the reference drug, indomethacin. The oral administration of CPM was ineffective in the first phase of formalin test but exhibited great effects on the second phase decreasing the licking time by 85% at 300 mg/kg. The cytotoxic potential of CPM was also investigated against HL60, HL60.bcl2 and Jurkat tumor cell lines and showed an inhibition of more than 50% of cell proliferation. The flavones orientin and isoorientin were detected in CPM.


Assuntos
Analgésicos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Cecropia/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Células Jurkat , Masculino , Camundongos , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Medição da Dor
7.
Oxid Med Cell Longev ; 2013: 698018, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24489987

RESUMO

The present study evaluated the antioxidant potential of Vernonia condensata Baker (Asteraceae). Dried and powdered leaves were exhaustively extracted with ethanol by static maceration followed by partition to obtain the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions. Total phenols and flavonoids contents were determined through spectrophotometry and flavonoids were identified by HPLC-DAD system. The antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging activity, TLC-bioautography, reducing power of Fe(+3), phosphomolybdenum, and TBA assays. The total phenolic content and total flavonoids ranged from 0.19 to 23.11 g/100 g and from 0.13 to 4.10 g/100 g, respectively. The flavonoids apigenin and luteolin were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction. The IC50 of DPPH assay varied from 4.28 to 75.10 µg/mL and TLC-bioautography detected the antioxidant compounds. The reducing power of Fe(+3) was 19.98 to 336.48 µg/mL, while the reaction with phosphomolybdenum ranged from 13.54% to 32.63% and 56.02% to 135.00% considering ascorbic acid and rutin as reference, respectively. At 30 mg/mL, the ethanolic extract and fractions revealed significant effect against lipid peroxidation. All these data sustain that V. condensata is an important and promising source of bioactive substances with antioxidant activity.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Vernonia/química , Acetatos/química , Apigenina/análise , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Flavonoides/análise , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Luteolina/análise , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Molibdênio , Oxirredução , Fenóis/análise , Ácidos Fosfóricos , Picratos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo
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