RESUMO
The review is devoted to the chemical synthesis of oligoribonucleotides and the protecting groups used. In particular the existent methods of blocking 2'-OH function in nucleotide monomers for the RNA synthesis are discussed in detail.
Assuntos
Oligorribonucleotídeos/química , Oligorribonucleotídeos/síntese química , RNA/biossíntese , Éteres/química , Radical Hidroxila/química , Estrutura Molecular , Oligorribonucleotídeos/classificação , RNA/químicaRESUMO
An efficient synthetic method for monomer ribonucleotide synthons containing 2'-O-methoxymethyl and 2'O-(p-nitrobenzyloxy)methyl groups used for oligonucleotide phosphotriester method with O-nucleophilic intramolecular catalysis at the stage of formation of internucleotide bond is developed. It is shown that synthons containing protecting 2'-O-(p-nitrobenzyloxy)methyl group may be used for automatic synthesis of phosphotriester oligoribonucleotides with high yields and synthons containing methoxymethyl group--to get 2'-O-modified oligonucleotides.
Assuntos
Éteres Metílicos/síntese química , Nitrobenzenos/síntese química , Oligorribonucleotídeos/síntese química , Hidrolases de Triester Fosfórico/metabolismo , Animais , Catálise , Humanos , Biologia Molecular/métodosRESUMO
A general scheme for the synthesis of ribonucleotide monomers containing alkoxymethyl group in 2'-O-position for the solid-phase phosphotriester oligonucleotide synthesis using O-nucleophilic intramolecular catalysis has been developed. In particular, the monomers containing 2'-O-modifying 2-azidoethoxymethyl, propargyloxymethyl, or 3,4-cyclocarbonatebutoxymethyl groups has been prepared.
Assuntos
Oligorribonucleotídeos/síntese química , Ribonucleotídeos/química , Técnicas de Síntese em Fase Sólida , Aldeídos/química , Alcinos/química , Azidas/química , Catálise , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
An effective modification of phosphotriester method for automatic synthesis of DNA and RNA fragments using O-nucleophilic intramolecular catalysis and 2-(azidometil)benzoyl group to protect amino groups of heterocyclic bases of nucleotides is described.
Assuntos
Azidas/química , Oligonucleotídeos/síntese química , Compostos Organofosforados/química , Catálise , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Estrutura Molecular , Oligonucleotídeos/químicaRESUMO
In order to improve physicochemical and biological properties of natural oligonucleotides in particular increasing their affinity for nucleic acids, the selectivity of action and biological sustainability, several types of DNA mimics were designed. The survey collected data on the synthesis and properties of the DNA mimics - peptide-nucleic acids analogues, which are derivatives of pyrrolidine and hydroxyproline. We examine some physicochemical and biological properties of negatively charged mimics of this type, containing phosphonate residues, and possessing a high affinity for DNA and RNA, selective binding with nucleic acids and stability in various biological systems. Examples of the use of these mimics as tools for molecular biological research, particularly in functional genomics are given. The prospects for their use in diagnostics and medicine are discussed.
Assuntos
Materiais Biomiméticos , DNA , Hidroxiprolina/química , Ácidos Nucleicos Peptídicos , Pirrolidinas/química , Animais , Materiais Biomiméticos/síntese química , Materiais Biomiméticos/química , Biomimética/métodos , Humanos , Ácidos Nucleicos Peptídicos/síntese química , Ácidos Nucleicos Peptídicos/químicaRESUMO
A rapid and effective method of an automatic oligoribonucleotide synthesis alternative to the phosphoroamidite one was developed based on the phosphotriester approach of internucleotide bond formation under intramolecular O-nucleophilic catalysis and the use of an azidomethyl group for protection of a nucleotide 2'-hydroxyl function.
Assuntos
Oligorribonucleotídeos/química , Oligorribonucleotídeos/síntese química , CatáliseRESUMO
The azidomethyl and 2-(azidomethyl)benzoyl as 2'-OH protecting groups are reported for preparation of oligoribonucleotides by the phosphotriester solid-phase method using O-nucleophilic intramolecular catalysis. The procedures for the synthesis of the corresponding monomer synthons were developed and the usefulness of the application of 2'-O-azidomethyl and 2'-O-2-(azidomethyl)benzoyl groups was examined in the synthesis of different RNA fragments with a chain length of 15-22 nucleotides. The azidomethyl group was found to be more preferable for effective synthesis of oligoribonucleotides. Hybridization properties of RNAs toward their complementary oligonucleotides were examined before and after the removal of 2'-O-azidomethyl groups.