Efectividad de la fisioterapia multimodal acuática mediante ejercicio terapéutico, autodrenaje manual y medidas de autocuidado en el linfedema de miembro superior en mujeres supervivientes de cáncer de mama. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Effectiveness of aquatic multimodal physiotherapy through therapeutic exercise, manual self-drainage and self-care measures in upper limb lymphedema in female breast cancer survivors. Randomized clinical trial

Introducción El linfedema secundario al cáncer de mama es una patología crónica. La fisioterapia descongestiva compleja (FDC) es el tratamiento conservador de elección, consta de una fase intensiva para disminuir el volumen de la extremidad, y una fase de mantenimiento para fomentar el autocontrol de la patología. El objetivo es evaluar si la fisioterapia multimodal acuática (FMA) compuesta por ejercicio terapéutico, auto drenaje manual y medidas de autocuidado de miembro superior mantiene o reduce el volumen del linfedema en fase de mantenimiento y si esta es más efectiva que la fisioterapia multimodal de miembro superior en sala. Metodología Se ha realizado un ensayo clínico aleatorizado comparando dos grupos, experimental n:43 que realizó una pauta de ejercicios en el medio acuático y control n:47 que realizó la misma pauta de ejercicios en sala. Ambos grupos efectuaron 20 sesiones de 45 min, dos o tres días por semana. Se evaluaron como variables principales los cambios en el volumen del linfedema, mediante circometría y la calidad de vida de las participantes, mediante la escala FACT-B + 4. Resultados No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las intervenciones realizadas, ambas mejoran el volumen a las 20 sesiones (p = 0,7855), pero si entre la frecuencia del tratamiento y el tiempo postintervención (p<0,01). Se encontraron mejoras en las variables de calidad de vida; «estado físico general del paciente», «ambiente familiar y social», «estado emocional», «capacidad de funcionamiento personal» y «preocupaciones de las pacientes» (p < 0,01). Conclusión La FMA de miembro superior parece mejorar la calidad de vida de las mujeres supervivientes con linfedema de miembro superior en fase de mantenimiento. La FMA no muestra un beneficio añadido a la fisioterapia multimodal en sala (AU)

Introduction Lymphedema secondary to breast cancer is a chronic pathology. Complex decongestive physiotherapy is the conservative treatment of choice, it consists of an intensive phase to minimize the volume of the limb, and a maintenance phase to promote self-control of the pathology. The objective is to evaluate if aquatic multimodal physiotherapy (AMP) composed of therapeutic exercise, manual self-drainage and upper limb self-care measures maintains or reduces the volume of lymphedema in the maintenance phase and if it is more effective than upper limb multimodal physiotherapy in-room. Methodology A randomized clinical trial has been carried out comparing two groups, experimental N:43 that performed a pattern of exercises in an aquatic environment and control N:47 that performed the same pattern of exercises in-room. Both groups carried out 20 sessions of 45min, 2 or 3 days per week. The main variables were the changes in the volume of the lymphedema, by means of circometry, and the quality of life of the participants, by means of the FACT-B + 4 scale. Results No statistically significant differences were found between the interventions carried out, both improve the volume at 20 sessions (p = 0.7855), the interaction between the frequency of treatment and the time after intervention was (p-value: < 0.01). Improvements were found in quality of life variables; «general physical state of the patient», «family and social environment», «emotional state», «personal functioning capacity» and «patient concerns» (p-value: < 0.01). Conclusion Upper limb AMP seems to improve the quality of life of surviving women with upper limb lymphedema in the maintenance phase. AMP does not show an added benefit to room multimodal physiotherapy (AU)

Air quality assessment in biosphere reserves close to emission sources. The case of the Spanish "Tablas de Daimiel" national park.

This work shows that biosphere reserves, national parks and other protected natural areas require in situ tools to monitor and detect local and remote air pollution sources which are a threat to flora, fauna water and soil. Industries in surrounding areas, traffic and long-range transport of air pollution, can change with time and meteorology and so each national park should also have a historical database of the air quality in the site. This study reports surface measurements of ozone, NO, NO2, CO, SO2 and PM2.5 acquired from March 2020 to July 2021 in "Las Tablas de Daimiel", a wetland Mediterranean National Park bordered by different cities and new industries in the field of the revalorization of agricultural wastes. Simultaneous data from a background station in a rural area isolated from air pollution are considered as reference. Twelve campaigns of one week duration were also performed to sample air in sorbent tubes to analyse volatile organic compounds from anthropogenic sources. Data are discussed considering meteorology, especially wind speed and direction together with the assessment of back-trajectories of air masses from distant sources. The results show that the effects of pollution from local and faraway sources on air quality in the park were weak. Thus, except for the high levels of ozone, with a mean value of 71 µg.m-3, measured mass loadings for pollutants were low and not in exceedance of the air quality standards. Saharan dust events were frequent and contributed to PM2.5 levels in the site. NOx and SO2 average concentrations (3.2 and 0.4 µg.m-3, respectively) were below the recommended critical levels for vegetation and all the quantified VOCs were found in average concentration levels below 0.5 µg.m-3.

Comparative analysis of anthropometric indicators for diagnosing obesity and predicting cardiometabolic risk in Mexican adolescents / Análisis comparativo de indicadores antropométricos para el diagnóstico de obesidad y predicción del riesgo cardiometabólico en adolescentes mexicanos

Introduction: obesity is a cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factor in adolescents. It represents a public health problem that requires simple diagnostic strategies based on the determination of anthropometric indicators (AIs) such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), conicity index (CONI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and body fat percentage (BFP). The purpose of the current contribution was to analyze the utility of the aforementioned AIs for evaluating obesity as a CMR factor in Mexican adolescents. Materials and methods: the design of the study is descriptive and cross-sectional. Nutritional status was established by using various AIs and as a CMR factor under the criteria of WHtR. Participating in the present investigation were 2,000 adolescents from 15 to 17 years of age, of which 1,079 (53.9 %) were female and 921 (46.1 %) were male. All were high school students in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico. Results and conclusion: the prevalence of obesity was influenced by gender. With the WHtR and BFP, male students exhibited a greater prevalence of obesity, while with the BMI and CONI, the percentage of obesity was similar between the two genders. BMI was significantly correlated with BFP, WC and WHtR, and was one of the AIs with the greatest area under the curve, showing a good capacity to predict cardiometabolic risk. BMI is a simple and adequate tool for diagnosing obesity and predicting CMR in adolescents (AU)

Introducción: la obesidad es un factor de riesgo cardiometabolico (RCM) en los adolescentes y representa un problema de salud pública que requiere estrategias diagnosticas sencillas, basadas en la determinación de indicadores antropométricos (IA) como el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de la cintura (CC), el índice de conicidad (ICONI), el índice de cintura-talla (ICT) y el porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC). El propósito del presente estudio fue analizar la utilidad de diversos IA (IMC, CC, ICONI, ICT y PGC) para evaluar la obesidad como factor de RCM en adolescentes mexicanos. Materiales y métodos: el diseño del estudio fue descriptivo y transversal. Se analizó el estado nutricional mediante varios IA y el factor de RCM bajo los criterios del ICT. Este estudio fue conducido en 2000 adolescentes de entre 15 y 17 años, de los cuales 1079 (53,9 %) eran mujeres y 921 (46,1 %) varones, todos ellos estudiantes de nivel medio superior de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México. Resultados y conclusión: la prevalencia de la obesidad estuvo influenciada por el género: los varones presentaron una mayor prevalencia de obesidad con ICT y PGC, mientras que con IMC e ICONI, el porcentaje de obesidad fue similar entre ambos géneros. El IMC se correlacionó significativamente con el PGC, la CC y el ICT, y fue uno de los IA con mayor área bajo la curva, mostrando una buena capacidad para predecir el RCM. El IMC representa una herramienta sencilla y adecuada para el diagnóstico de obesidad y predecir el RCM en adolescentes (AU)

Mastitis granulomatosa idiopática complicada con absceso de mama producido por Gordonia sputi, caso clínico / Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis complicated with a breast abscess caused by Gornodia sputi, a case report

La mastitis granulomatosa idiopática es una entidad rara, benigna y crónica de causa desconocida que afecta a la mama. Es un diagnóstico de exclusión. Se deben descartar, entre otras etiologías, la tuberculosis, las infecciones, la sarcoidosis y otras enfermedades autoinmunes, como la arteritis de células gigantes. Los principales retos que plantea esta entidad son su diagnóstico diferencial con enfermedad maligna y su tratamiento. La afectación mamaria es anecdótica y ha sido solo reportada en relación con prótesis mamarias. Presentamos el caso de una paciente diagnosticada de mastitis granulomatosa idiopática complicada con un absceso de mama por Gordonia sputi.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare, benign, chronic entity of unknown cause affecting the breast. It is a diagnosis of exclusion. Among other aetiologies, tuberculosis, infections, sarcoidosis, and other autoimmune diseases such as giant cell arteritis must be ruled out. The main challenges posed by this entity are its differential diagnosis with malignant pathology and its treatment.Gordonia spp. are a group of emerging pathogens that are mainly associated with infections associated with medical devices, mainly catheters. Breast involvement is anecdotal and has only been reported in relation to breast prostheses.We present the case of a patient diagnosed with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis complicated with a breast abscess due to Gordonia sputi.

Activating stress memory: eustressors as potential tools for plant breeding.

Plants are continuously exposed to stress conditions, such that they have developed sophisticated and elegant survival strategies, which are reflected in their phenotypic plasticity, priming capacity, and memory acquisition. Epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in modulating gene expression and stress responses, allowing malleability, reversibility, stability, and heritability of favourable phenotypes to enhance plant performance. Considering the urgency to improve our agricultural system because of going impacting climate change, potential and sustainable strategies rely on the controlled use of eustressors, enhancing desired characteristics and yield and shaping stress tolerance in crops. However, for plant breeding purposes is necessary to focus on the use of eustressors capable of establishing stable epigenetic marks to generate a transgenerational memory to stimulate a priming state in plants to face the changing environment.

Carcinoma mucosecretor de mama HER2-positivo, un caso clínico / Pure mucinous breast cancer HER2-positive, a case report

El carcinoma mucosecretor de mama (CMS) es un tipo histológico poco frecuente de carcinoma infiltrante. Se considera un tipo histológico de mejor pronóstico que el carcinoma ductal infiltrante. Se caracteriza por la presencia de lagos de mucina. Generalmente el CMS ocurre en pacientes peri y posmenopáusicas, y la edad promedio es de 67años. Suelen ser tumores bien o moderadamente diferenciados. El tumor generalmente expresa receptores de estrógenos (RE) y progesterona positivos (RP) y no expresan Her2. La afectación axilar es rara. Presentamos un caso de una paciente con un cáncer de mama de tipo mucosecretor puro con expresión HER2.(AU)

Mucosecretory carcinoma of the breast (CMS) is a rare histological type of infiltrating carcinoma. It is considered a histological type with a better prognosis than infiltrating ductal carcinoma. It is characterised by the presence of mucin lakes. CMS usually occurs in peri- and post-menopausal patients with an average age of 67years. They are usually well or moderately differentiated tumours. The tumour usually expresses oestrogen receptor (OR) and progesterone receptor (PR) positive and does not express Her2. Axillary involvement is rare. We present a case of a patient with a pure mucosecretory type breast cancer with HER2 expression.(AU)

Potential application of yeasts from Ecuadorian chichas in controlled beer and chicha production.

The potential of yeasts isolated from traditional chichas as starter cultures, either for controlled production of the native beverage or for industrial beer production, has been investigated. Three S. cerevisiae strains and one T. delbrueckii strain isolated from four different Ecuadorian chichas were compared to ale and lager beer strains with respect to fermentation performance, sugar utilisation, phenolic off-flavour production, flocculation and growth at low temperature. Fermentations were performed in 15 °P all-malt wort and in a model chicha substrate at 12 °C and 20 °C. Tall-tube fermentations (1.5 L) were also performed with both substrates to assess yeast performance and beer quality. Among the strains tested, only one Ecuadorian S. cerevisiae strain was able to ferment the wort sugars maltose and maltotriose. Fermentations with all Ecuadorian strains were poor in wort at 12 °C relative to 20 °C, but were similar in model chicha substrate at both temperatures. The aromatic profile was different between species and strains. These results indicate the potential of yeasts derived from traditional Andean fermented beverages for commercial applications. One of the chicha strains demonstrated traits typical of domesticated brewery strains and could be suitable for ale fermentation, while the other strains may have potential for low-alcohol beer or chicha production.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 lockdown and de-escalation on air-quality parameters.

The SARS-CoV-2 health crisis has temporarily forced the lockdown of entire countries. This work reports the short-term effects on air quality of such unprecedented paralysis of industry and transport in different continental cities in Spain, one of the countries most affected by the virus and with the hardest confinement measures. The study takes into account sites with different sizes and diverse emission sources, such as traffic, residential or industrial emissions. This work reports new field measurement data for the studied pandemic period and assesses the air quality parameters within the historic trend of each pollutant and site. Thus, 2013-2020 data series from ground-air quality monitoring networks have been analysed to find out statistically significant changes in atmospheric pollutants during March-June 2020 due to this sudden paralysis of activity. The results show substantial concentration drops of primary pollutants, including NOx, CO, BTX, NMHC and NH3. Particulate matter changes were smaller due to the existence of other natural sources. During the lockdown the ozone patterns were different for each studied location, depending on the VOCs-NOx ratios, with concentration changes close to those expected from the historical series in each site and not statistically attributable to the health crisis effects. Finally, the gradual de-escalation and progressive increase of traffic density within cities reflects a slow recovery of primary pollutants. The results and conclusions for these cities, with different sizes and population, and specific emission sources, may serve as a behavioural model for other continental sites and help understand future crises.

Cuestionario de percepción de competencias docentes de educación física / Perception Questionnaire of Teaching Competences in Physical Education

La incorporación de las competencias en la universidad española es un elemento clave de su calidad. Sin embargo, no se dispone de instrumentos adecuados ni suficientes para su medida en el campo concreto de la formación inicial del profesorado de Educación Física. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar y validar una escala para medir la percepción de competencias docentes de este alumnado. Para su construcción y validación, se ha seguido una metodología fundamentada en la Teoría Clásica de Test incidiendo especialmente en el cálculo de la fiabilidad y de la validez de la escala. La muestra para su validación es de 1713 estudiantes y egresados (1240 estudiantes, 473 egresados), pertenecientes a 20 universidades españolas. La escala final presenta una estructura factorial de cuatro factores principales y 22 ítems con los que se alcanza una alta fiabilidad y una adecuada validez de contenido y de constructo

The incorporation of competences in Spain is a key element of its quality. However, there are no instruments available to measure them in the specific field of Physical Education Teacher Education. The main objective of this study is to design and validate a scale to measure the perception of the teaching competences of these students. For its construction and validation, a methodology based on the Theory of the Classic Test was followed, with special emphasis on the calculation of the reliability and validity of the scale. The sample for its validation is 1713 students and graduates (1240 students, 473 graduates), belonging to 20 Spanish universities. The final scale presents a factorial structure of four main factors and 22 items with which high reliability and adequate content and construct validity are achieved

Modelos ARIMA para la predicción del gasto conjunto de oxígeno de vuelo y otros gases en el Ejército del Aire / ARIMA models to predict the joint expense of in-flight oxygen and other gases in the Air Force

INTRODUCCIÓN: la realización de expedientes de contratación para gases y elementos afines empleados en el Ejército del Aire se realiza desde el año 1997. La dirección se asignó, desde el inicio, al Centro de Farmacia del Aire de Madrid (CEFARMA). Las divergencias durante los últimos años entre las concesiones económicas asignadas y el gasto real ejecutado han sido notables. La falta de modelos matemáticos de predicción puede ser uno de los motivos de la ausencia de ajuste entre lo presupuestado y lo ejecutado. La elaboración de estimaciones estadísticas y econométricas es la base para realizar una prospectiva eficiente al plantear expedientes de contratación de gases de una manera adecuada y no basada en incrementos inerciales de los presupuestos históricos. OBJETIVOS: realización de estimación matemática para la predicción económica en las asignaciones presupuestarias de los expedientes de contratación de gases utilizados en Ejército del Aire. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: recopilación de los datos económicos de las facturas y pagos efectuados. Los importes de facturación se han deflactado, tomando como base el año 2016. Para el tratamiento matemático, estadístico y gráfico se han utilizado las aplicaciones informáticas Microsoft(R) Excel (2016), Eviews(R)10, Gretl (2017c) y Statistica v12 (StatSoft inc.). RESULTADOS: se han obtenido diferentes modelos Autorregresivos Integrados de Media Móviles (ARIMA), siendo el que mejor valida los resultados anuales y trimestrales el ARIMA (3,1,0). CONCLUSIONES: los modelos ARIMA permiten efectuar pronóstico y predicción en el cálculo de asignaciones económicas en los expedientes de contratación de gases en el Ejército del Aire

INTRODUCTION: contract records of gases and similar elements used by the Air Force are being signed from 1997. The management of this activity was appointed, from the very beginning, to the Air Force Pharmacy of Madrid (CEFARMA). However, the last divergences between the asigned economic licenses and the actual execution have been noticeable. The lack of mathematical predictive models may account for the disadjustment between the budgeted and the executed. The elaboration of statistic and economeric estimates is retained as the main basis to efficiently forward-looking through contract records of gases properly done, that is, not based on the inertial increment of historical budgets. AIMS: mathematical estimates of budgetary prediction in budget allocations of contract records of gases used by the Air Force. MATERIALS AND METHOD: gathering of the economic data from invoicing and payments. Billing figures have been deflated taking 2016 as the basis. For the mathematical, graphic and statistical treatment of the data the following computing apps have been used: Microsoft(R) Excel (2016), Eviews(R)10, Gretl (2017c) and Statistica v12 (StatSoft inc.). RESULTS: different ARIMA models have been obtained, being ARIMA (3,1,0) the best in annual and quarterly result validation. CONCLUSIONS: ARIMA models allow to predict the economic allocations in the contract records of fases in the Air Force

Recommendations for the prevention and diagnosis of asthma in children: Evidence from international guidelines adapted for Mexico

BACKGROUND: With the availability of high-quality asthma guidelines worldwide, one possible approach of developing a valid guideline, without re-working the evidence, already analysed by major guidelines, is the ADAPTE approach, as was used for the development of National Guidelines on asthma. METHODS: The guidelines development group (GDG) covered a broad range of experts from medical specialities, primary care physicians and methodologists. The core group of the GDG searched the literature for asthma guidelines 2005 onward, and analysed the 11 best guidelines with AGREE-II to select three mother guidelines. Key clinical questions were formulated covering each step of the asthma management. RESULTS: The selected mother guidelines are British Thoracic Society (BTS), GINA and GEMA 2015. Responses to the questions were formulated according to the evidence in the mother guidelines. Recommendations or suggestions were made for asthma treatment in Mexico by the core group, and adjusted during several rounds of a Delphi process, taking into account: 1. Evidence; 2. Safety; 3. Cost; 4. Patient preference - all these set against the background of the local reality. Here the detailed analysis of the evidence present in BTS/GINA/GEMA sections on prevention and diagnosis in paediatric asthma are presented for three age-groups: children with asthma ≤5 years, 6-11 years and ≥12 years. CONCLUSIONS: For the prevention and diagnosis sections, applying the AGREE-II method is useful to develop a scientifically-sustained document, adjusted to the local reality per country, as is the Mexican Guideline on Asthma

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Recommendations for the prevention and diagnosis of asthma in children: Evidence from international guidelines adapted for Mexico.

BACKGROUND: With the availability of high-quality asthma guidelines worldwide, one possible approach of developing a valid guideline, without re-working the evidence, already analysed by major guidelines, is the ADAPTE approach, as was used for the development of National Guidelines on asthma. METHODS: The guidelines development group (GDG) covered a broad range of experts from medical specialities, primary care physicians and methodologists. The core group of the GDG searched the literature for asthma guidelines 2005 onward, and analysed the 11 best guidelines with AGREE-II to select three mother guidelines. Key clinical questions were formulated covering each step of the asthma management. RESULTS: The selected mother guidelines are British Thoracic Society (BTS), GINA and GEMA 2015. Responses to the questions were formulated according to the evidence in the mother guidelines. Recommendations or suggestions were made for asthma treatment in Mexico by the core group, and adjusted during several rounds of a Delphi process, taking into account: 1. Evidence; 2. Safety; 3. Cost; 4. Patient preference - all these set against the background of the local reality. Here the detailed analysis of the evidence present in BTS/GINA/GEMA sections on prevention and diagnosis in paediatric asthma are presented for three age-groups: children with asthma ≤5 years, 6-11 years and ≥12 years. CONCLUSIONS: For the prevention and diagnosis sections, applying the AGREE-II method is useful to develop a scientifically-sustained document, adjusted to the local reality per country, as is the Mexican Guideline on Asthma.

Biotechnological impact of stress response on wine yeast.

Wine yeast deals with many stress conditions during its biotechnological use. Biomass production and its dehydration produce major oxidative stress, while hyperosmotic shock, ethanol toxicity and starvation are relevant during grape juice fermentation. Most stress response mechanisms described in laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are useful for understanding the molecular machinery devoted to deal with harsh conditions during industrial wine yeast uses. However, the particularities of these strains themselves, and the media and conditions employed, need to be specifically looked at when studying protection mechanisms.

Stem cell-like transcriptional reprogramming mediates metastatic resistance to mTOR inhibition.

Inhibitors of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are currently used to treat advanced metastatic breast cancer. However, whether an aggressive phenotype is sustained through adaptation or resistance to mTOR inhibition remains unknown. Here, complementary studies in human tumors, cancer models and cell lines reveal transcriptional reprogramming that supports metastasis in response to mTOR inhibition. This cancer feature is driven by EVI1 and SOX9. EVI1 functionally cooperates with and positively regulates SOX9, and promotes the transcriptional upregulation of key mTOR pathway components (REHB and RAPTOR) and of lung metastasis mediators (FSCN1 and SPARC). The expression of EVI1 and SOX9 is associated with stem cell-like and metastasis signatures, and their depletion impairs the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. These results establish the mechanistic link between resistance to mTOR inhibition and cancer metastatic potential, thus enhancing our understanding of mTOR targeting failure.

[Endometrial ablation with thermal balloon, experience in a private hospital]. / Ablación endometrial con balón térmico, experiencia en un hospital privado.

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, the treatment for menorrhagia includes pharmacological therapies (hormones and uterotonics) or surgical (dilatation/curettage and hysterectomy). Recently the FDA approved a non-invasive therapeutic option, known as endometrial ablation. Which it consists in a thermal balloon delivers (ThermaChoice y Thermablate EAS) which energy destroys the uterine lining, thus reducing the bleeding and even producing amenorrhea. And could offer other benefits such as reduction of the surgical time, and therefore: anesthesia time, postoperative complications and costs. Highlighting a greater patient satisfaction. OBJECTIVE: Describe the demographic characteristics, outcomes and patient satisfaction, which were treated with endometrial ablation for menorrhagia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, observational and retrospective study. During a period of 11 years (March 2012 to December 2013), in a private hospital, that includes 124 patients with menorrhagia, which were treated with endometrial ablation: 53 (43%) ThermaChoice y 71 (57%) Thermablate EAS. We used T Student and Fisher method to study the results. RESULTS: The 124 patients (100%) achieve all the criteria's of endometrial ablation according ACOG (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) were candidates for. The mean age of our patients were 38 years old, who didn't respond to pharmacologic treatment had a definitive contraception. Among these women, 119 (96%) had a reduction in bleeding en the first 12 months, 25 (31%) presented with amenorrhea and 1 (<1%) required a surgical approach. Overall, 119 patients (96%) were satisfied with their results. CONCLUSIONS: Endometrial ablation is an approved FDA treatment for menorrhagia, which is safe, accessible and effective. With an easy implementation and low rate of complications.

Ovariectomy increases the age-induced hyperphosphorylation of Tau at hippocampal CA1.

One of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease includes the neurofibrillary tangles formation produced by hyperphosphorylation of the Tau protein, whose expression is putatively regulated by the ovarian hormones estradiol and progesterone. Hippocampus is a brain region that participates in many functions related to learning and memory; in addition, it is abundant in both estradiol and progesterone receptors. In this study, we explore the expression of Tau hyperphosphorylation at hippocampus and the performance of rats in an autoshaping learning task at 5, 10 and 15 months after the ovaries removal. In these animals, ovariectomy was performed at 3 months of age. These data were compared with those derived from intact rats at 8, 13 and 18 months old. A clear decrease in the number of conditioned responses of both intact and ovariectomized rats in the autoshaping learning task was observed. The interaction of both factors confirms that, in this test, learning varies depending on aging and the presence or absence of ovaries. A progressive increase in hippocampal Tau phosphorylation at Ser-396 was observed in either intact or ovariectomized rats. Interestingly, an interaction between the analyzed factors shows that such hyperphosphorylation was potentiated by the absence of ovaries. These results emphasize the importance of aging and the lack of ovarian hormones for an associative learning test and for the expression of one of the most important hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease.

Efficacy and safety of D. pteronyssinus immunotherapy in local allergic rhinitis: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.

The effects of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) on local allergic rhinitis (LAR) are largely unknown. We conducted the first randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (DBPC), phase II trial of D. pteronyssinus (DP) subcutaneous AIT (DP-AIT) on LAR (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02123316). Thirty-six LAR patients received Pangramin PLUS DP or placebo for 24 months. The primary endpoints were symptoms, medication scores, and medication-free days. The secondary included skin test, serum specific IgE and IgG4, nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT), and adverse events. AIT-DP produced significant improvements in both primary and secondary endpoints vs placebo. After 12 months of AIT-DP, we detected a significant and marked increase in allergen tolerance with negative NAPT in 50% of patients, and significant increases of serum sIgG4. Immunotherapy was well tolerated; no systemic reactions were reported. This study demonstrated that AIT-DP is a safe and clinically effective treatment for LAR, confirming that LAR is a new indication for AIT.

[Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a case report]. / Miocardiopatía periparto: reporte de un caso.

Background: Peripartum cardiomyopathy also known as cardiomyopathy associated with pregnancy, is rarely a cause of heart failure, it affects pregnant or puerperal women in the first 5 months. Although the first case reported was in 1849, it was recognized until 1930. In 2010 the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on peripartum cardiomyopathy, defined this pathology as an idiopathic cardiomyopathy that affects pregnant women between the third trimester and five months after delivery. Characterized by a left ventricular failure with an ejection fraction of ≤45% and an end-diastolic dimension ≥2.7 cm/m2 , in absence of an identifiable cause of heart failure. Case report: We report a case of a 39-year-old patient, diagnosed with a peripartum cardiomyopathy in the early puerperium, characterized by hypertension, tachycardia, dyspnea and oxygen desaturation. The transesophageal echocardiogram reported heart failure, a hypokinetic left ventricle and a ventricular failure with an ejection fraction <40%. We could not identify an other cause to justify heart failure. Multidisciplinary management was administered successfully. Conclusion: The importance of this article relies in the fact that eripartum cardiomyopathy has a high morbidity and mortality. The impact of this pathology is unknow in our country. Here we establish and discuss the multidisciplinary management held in our hospital with this specific patient in order to improve the prognosis on future occasions.

Fine and ultrafine particles in small cities. A case study in the south of Europe.

Ultrafine particles, PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentration, NO(x), Ozone, SO2, back-trajectories of air masses and meteorological parameters were studied in a small city over the period February, 2013 to June, 2014. The profiles of PM2.5 and PM10 particles are provided, showing averaged values of 16.6 and 21.6 µg m(-3), respectively. The average number concentration of particles in the range of diameters 5.6-560 nm was 1.2 × 10(4)#/ cm(3) with contributions of 42, 51 and 7% from the nucleation, Aitken, and accumulation modes, respectively. The average number concentration of ultrafine particles was 1.1 × 10(4)#/ cm(3). The results obtained are evidence for some differences in the pollution of ambient air by particles in the studied town in comparison to bigger cities. Nucleation events due to emissions from the city were not observed, and traffic emissions amount to a small contribution to PM2.5 and PM10 particles which are mainly due to crustal origin from the arid surroundings and long-range transport from the Sahara Desert.

Influence of age on IgE response in peanut-allergic children and adolescents from the Mediterranean area.

BACKGROUND: Peanut allergens are common triggers of food allergy. Analyses of sensitization patterns, relationships with other allergens, clinical symptoms, and variation with age are needed. We studied sensitization to Ara h 2, Ara h 9, and Pru p 3 in a peanut allergic children/adolescents and the relationship with peach and pollen. METHODS: Peanut allergic patients aged between 1 and 20 years old were classified into two groups: A) allergic to peanut only and B) allergic to peach and peanut. The IgE response was measured to Ara h 2, Ara h 9, and Pru p 3. RESULTS: Of 964 subjects evaluated, 28% were allergic to peanut. From this group, 68% were also sensitized to pollen. Urticaria was the most frequent entity followed by anaphylaxis and OAS. Fifty-eight percent had Ara h 2- and/or Ara h 9-specific IgE. More than half reported symptoms with peanut alone (Group A) and 35% to peanut and peach (Group B). We observed significant differences in sex, age, onset of symptoms, and sensitization to Artemisia between groups. IgE response to Ara h 2 was more frequent in Group A, and Ara h 9 and Pru p 3 in Group B. We observed a decrease in sensitization to Ara h 2 and an increase to Ara h 9 and Pru p 3 with increasing age. CONCLUSION: Peanut allergy is frequent in subjects with allergy to plant foods, with Ara h 2 and Ara h 9 being two important allergens. In younger patients, Ara h 2 predominates over Ara h 9. The reverse was observed in older patients.