O transplante alogênico de células-tronco hematopoéticas no tratamento do Mieloma Múltiplo / Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant for Multiple Myeloma

O mieloma múltiplo (MM) é uma neoplasia hematológica incurável com uma sobrevida mediana de três anos com a utilização de tratamento convencional. O transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas alogênico (TCTH-alo) pode curar alguns pacientes, mas está associado com uma alta mortalidade relacionada ao transplante (MRT) podendo atingir mais de 40 por cento. As vantagens do TCTH-alo são a capacidade de coletar um enxerto livre de mieloma e o efeito enxerto-versus-mieloma (EVM). Entretanto, apesar destes fatores, a cura é rara. As recidivas ocorrem em uma taxa de 7 por cento ao ano em seguimentos prolongados. A doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro (GVHD) pode também ser um problema, necessitando de tratamento específico e prejudicando a qualidade de vida. Novas técnicas para melhorar os resultados do TCTH-alo para o MM incluem a consideração do status do paciente, a eficácia e a toxicidade do tratamento de indução, o tipo do enxerto e o regime de condicionamento utilizado. Recentemente foi incluído o transplante autólogo seguido pelo transplante alogênico não mieloablativo e o TCTH- alo com depleção de células T e subseqüente infusão de linfócitos do doador. A utilização de novas estratégias terapêuticas direcionadas para a regulação do ciclo celular poderá prolongar a sobrevida dos pacientes e melhorar a qualidade de vida se comparada com os atuais resultados do transplante, que ainda apresentam claros benefícios na sobrevida.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a incurable hematological malignancy with an average survival of 3 years with conventional therapy. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo - HCT) may cure some patients, but has been associated with a high transplantation-related-mortality (TRM) of over 40 percent. The potential advantages of allo - HCT are the ability to collect myeloma free stem cells and the graft - versus - myeloma effect. But, despite these factors, long term cure is rare. Relapse continues at a rate of approximately 7 percent per year with long term follow-up. The graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can also be a problem, requiring therapy and impairing quality of life. Approaches to improve the outcome of allo - HCT for MM include consideration of patient status, efficacy and toxicity of induction therapy, source of hematopoietic graft, and conditioning regimens. Recent attempts to improve outcome include autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) followed by non - myeloablative allogeneic transplantation, and allo-HCT with T depletion and subsequent donor lymphocyte infusions. With the use of strategies directed at cell signaling, patients' lives can be prolonged, and the quality of their lives can be improved compared with the current approach that transplantation provides, despite its survival benefit.

Clinical impact of oral health indexes in dental extraction of hemophilic patients.

PURPOSE: Periodontal disease in patients with hemorrhagic disorders may lead to severe bleeding during dental treatment. This study evaluated the clinical impact of oral health indexes in hemophilic patients undergoing tooth extraction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-one hemophilic patients underwent teeth extractions using autologous fibrin glue and an oral antifibrinolytic drug (epsilon-aminocaproic acid). Oral health indexes (plaque, PI; gingival, GI; and decay-missing-filling-teeth, DMFT index) were evaluated before tooth extraction. RESULTS: Postsurgical bleeding episodes were observed in 6 hemophilic patients (1 severe, 3 moderate, and 2 mild type). The PI and GI index in the bleeding group were 1.8 and 1.7, respectively, and 1.8 for both of the non-bleeding groups (PI, P = .8; GI, P = .56). The global DMFT index was 18 in the bleeding group and 19.6 in the non-bleeding group (P = .67). CONCLUSION: The status of oral health did not interfere with bleeding caused by dental extraction of hemophilic patients.