RESUMO
Forensic investigation performed on people suspected to be drug abusers covering all Tunisian cities was conducted by monitoring an epidemiological study of human urine samples surveying positive rates of consumption for drugs of abuse. The forensic investigations were conducted on a total of 28,298 arrested individuals suspected to be drug addicts during five years (January 2010-December 2015). An immunoassay screening tests to detect elevated levels of drugs classes in urine samples was performed. These screening assays provide a preliminary qualitative test result. Only positives urine specimens were analyzed with GC-MS for confirmation. Except for cannabis, the results showed insignificant number of positive cases for cocaine, ecstasy (MDMA) and amphetamine consumptions (<1%).
Assuntos
Drogas Ilícitas/urina , Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias/métodos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Imunoensaio , Masculino , Estado Civil/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição por Sexo , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/urina , Tunísia/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A multiresidue method was assessed for the determination of several pesticides (organochlorine, organophosphorus, pyrethroids, triazole, amidine) using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The extraction of pesticides was carried out by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) using two types of columns (CN and C18). The extracts were cleaned by the addition of florisil, the pesticides were separated by capillary column gas chromatography and detected by mass spectrometry in the electron impact mode. The extraction using C18 column provided the best results for most of the analyzed pesticides. The majority of pesticides recoveries from the four fruits and vegetables (apples, pears, tomatoes and pepper) were greater than 60%. Linearity and precision were satisfactory. The estimated limits of detection and limits of quantification ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 mg/kg and from 0.02 to 0.3 mg/kg, respectively. The proposed procedure was found to be useful for the multiresidue analyses of pesticides in agricultural products for routine monitoring programs.