Meaning of sustainability of innovations in healthcare organizations: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: There is pressure on healthcare organizations to provide high-quality care to all patients while innovating the way care is delivered. As they take on the challenge of delivering high-quality, innovative services, any gains made tend to stall before a radical change impacts key outcomes given the difficulty in sustaining innovations over time. METHODS: A systematic search was performed in 5 electronic databases using the PRISMA structure that resulted in 1313 articles, of which 260 were duplicated, leaving 1053 articles. After reading their abstracts, 877 had an inadequate scope for analysis because they did not deal with research on the sustainability of innovations. After a full assessment of the remaining 176 articles, only 10 studies met the inclusion criteria with the snowball strategy generating one additional paper, leading to 11 empirical studies. A theoretical discussion and the proposition of a framework were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Studies in university hospitals shed light on determining sustainability factors of innovations not yet fully explored such as the meaning given by individuals to innovation, culture, partnerships, and multidisciplinary collaboration, which complement the literature. This research sought to contribute to the dialogue between management theory and practice in studies on the sustainability of health innovations based on experiences observed in university hospitals. Health managers can verify how sustainability relates to the challenges presented and identify a path that helps them overcome the limitations imposed on the process. The literature shows that the understanding of sustainability as a mediating dimension can collaborate in sustained innovations in order to allow managers to identify actions related to the individual-organization dimension that may be compromising the process and thus act in a more efficient, assertive way in determining the factors that sustain ongoing innovations. CONCLUSIONS: A relevant point is that innovation sustainability needs to be an objective to be achieved where managers/individuals must incorporate this perspective of innovation continuity since the beginning of the process, otherwise this may represent a greater propensity for discontinuity. This analysis can potentially be applied in university hospitals, but it can also be applicable to other types of hospitals and public or private institutions as long as it is an organization that adopts, implements, and seeks to sustain innovations in service delivery.

Leadership to promote patient safety culture in public hospitals managed by social health organizations.

PURPOSE: This paper aims to identify the kind of internal climate leaders should offer health-care professionals to promote a patient safety culture in public hospitals managed by social health organizations in Brazil. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Two surveys were applied to health-care professionals working at three Brazilian public hospitals. The internal climate survey reached 1,013 respondents, and the patient safety culture survey reached 1,302 participants. Both factor and regression analyses were used to analyze the study model and determine how internal climate influences patient safety culture. FINDINGS: Results indicate that to promote a patient safety culture among health-care professionals, leaders should generate an internal climate based on trust to foster pride in working in the hospital. Possibly, the trust dimension is the most important one and must be developed to achieve job satisfaction and provide better services to patients. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: All the hospitals studied were managed by the same Organização Social de Saúde. Due to the limited responses concerning the respondents' profiles, demographic variables were not analyzed. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This research reveals that the trust and pride dimensions can most strongly influence a positive patient safety culture, helping hospital leaders face this huge managerial challenge of consistently delivering high standards of patient safety. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This research studies the promotion of a patient safety culture in public hospitals managed by social health organizations, characterized by greater flexibility and autonomy in health-care management and by a greater need for accountability.

Service design activities in health services: A systematic literature review based on ecosystem perspective and transformative approach.

Service Design (SD) represents a breakthrough in searching for solutions to health systems challenges, but the activities that support these solutions remain underexplored. This research investigates how SD has been applied in the healthcare sector based on two conceptual models: multilevel ecosystem perspective and SD transformative approach. First, we conducted a systematic literature review in eight comprehensive databases in March 2021. Eligibility criteria returned 990 articles filtered by a search protocol, resulting in 47 studies. After this, we identified 23 studies (49%) with a transformative approach through a thematic analysis. Also, the analysis of these 23 studies allowed the identification of five key aspects necessary for enabling a transformative character of SD initiatives: (1) identification of all the actors that make up the provision of healthcare services, (2) identification of users by ecosystem level, (3) knowledge about the SD tools arsenal, (4) use of technology, and (5) applying the Experience-Based Design and Co-Design (EBD/EBCD) approach. The study underlines the role of management for the success of SD in the health sector and suggests an instrument (checklist) to help managers implement SD initiatives successfully.

Service design for the transformation of healthcare systems: A systematic review of literature.

There is a growing interest in applying the Service Design (SD) approach to innovate and transform healthcare systems. However, comprehensive studies are scarce. This study systematically reviews the literature on SD initiatives towards healthcare system transformation. The research questions are: How has the SD approach been applied to the healthcare sector? To what extent are the SD initiatives contributing to transform the health systems? What are the main challenges faced by SD initiatives to transform the health system? Which are the main stakeholders involved in the process, and how could they change according to the type of initiative? The search was conducted in March 2021 in eight databases and returned 990 articles evaluated through a research protocol, resulting in 47 studies included in this review. These studies were explored through thematic analysis and considering two conceptual models: the SD approach (Patrício et al., 2020) and the ecosystem perspective (Beirão et al., 2017). The findings show that SD initiatives have been implemented at all levels of the ecosystem, but only 49% (47/23 studies) present a transformative character. The SD initiatives challenges were organized into four themes: (1) Planning SD initiatives as a lever in transforming health systems; (2) Using SD tools creatively; (3) Considering the use of new technologies to transform health systems positively, and (4) Facing the challenges of applying the Experience-Based Design and Experience Based in Co-Design approaches in project development. This study is relevant for helping managers and researchers in their efforts to design truly transformative services with a focus on improving health systems and social wellbeing.

Initiatives to reduce the waiting time to initiate oncological treatment: a scoping literature review.

Objective: To identify the managerial actions proposed and employed to reduce the waiting time to initiate oncological treatments in the public health system and its application in Latin America. Method: We searched seven databases in December 2020. Search terms were conceptualized into three groups: waiting time, cancer, and terms related to public sector. The eligibility criteria included theoretical or empirical academic articles written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, that focused on managerial solutions to face oncological healthcare queues' dilemma. Results: The search returned 1 255 articles, and 20 were selected and analysed in this review. Results show that most of the proposals are related to the process and people dimensions. The actions related to the process dimension were mainly associated with programming new treatment pathways and integrating cancer systems. People's dimension initiatives referred mostly to task forces and groups of specialists. Some initiatives were related to implementing technological solutions and the technology dimension, mainly concerning radiotherapy devices' acquisition. Conclusion: Few studies focus on analysing actions to minimize waiting time to initiate oncological treatments. The prevalence of conceptual and illustrative case studies indicates the lack of research maturity on this theme. Future studies should focus on setting the field's theoretical foundations, considering the existing paradigms, or developing new ones. There is a need for empirical studies applying a multidisciplinary approach to face the oncological treatment waiting time challenge and proposing new and innovative initiatives.

Initiatives to reduce the waiting time to initiate oncological treatment: a scoping literature review

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To identify the managerial actions proposed and employed to reduce the waiting time to initiate oncological treatments in the public health system and its application in Latin America. Method. We searched seven databases in December 2020. Search terms were conceptualized into three groups: waiting time, cancer, and terms related to public sector. The eligibility criteria included theoretical or empirical academic articles written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, that focused on managerial solutions to face oncological healthcare queues' dilemma. Results. The search returned 1 255 articles, and 20 were selected and analysed in this review. Results show that most of the proposals are related to the process and people dimensions. The actions related to the pro­ cess dimension were mainly associated with programming new treatment pathways and integrating cancer systems. People's dimension initiatives referred mostly to task forces and groups of specialists. Some initia­ tives were related to implementing technological solutions and the technology dimension, mainly concerning radiotherapy devices' acquisition. Conclusion. Few studies focus on analysing actions to minimize waiting time to initiate oncological treatments. The prevalence of conceptual and illustrative case studies indicates the lack of research maturity on this theme. Future studies should focus on setting the field's theoretical foundations, considering the existing par­ adigms, or developing new ones. There is a need for empirical studies applying a multidisciplinary approach to face the oncological treatment waiting time challenge and proposing new and innovative initiatives.

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Identificar las medidas gerenciales propuestas y empleadas para reducir el tiempo de espera para iniciar el tratamiento oncológico y su aplicación en el sistema público de salud en América Latina. Método. Se realizaron búsquedas en siete bases de datos en diciembre del 2020. Se conceptualizaron los términos de búsqueda en tres grupos: tiempo de espera, cáncer y términos relacionados con el sector público. Entre los criterios de aceptabilidad se incluyeron artículos académicos teóricos o empíricos escritos en inglés, español o portugués acerca de soluciones gerenciales para enfrentar el dilema de los tiempos de espera en la atención médica oncológica. Resultados. La búsqueda arrojó como resultado 1 255 artículos; para esta revisión se seleccionaron y anali­ zaron 20. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de las propuestas están relacionadas con dos dimensiones: el proceso y los pacientes. Las medidas relacionadas con el proceso se asociaron principalmente con la planificación de nuevas vías de tratamiento y la integración de los sistemas oncológicos. Las iniciativas rela­ cionadas con los pacientes se referían principalmente a equipos de trabajo y grupos de especialistas. Algunas iniciativas estuvieron relacionadas con la dimensión de tecnología y soluciones tecnológicas, principalmente con la compra de equipos de radioterapia. Conclusiones. Pocos estudios se centran en analizar medidas que minimicen el tiempo de espera para ini­ ciar los tratamientos oncológicos. La prevalencia de estudios de casos conceptuales e ilustrativos indica la falta de madurez de la investigación sobre este tema. Los estudios futuros deben centrarse en establecer las bases teóricas del campo, considerar los paradigmas existentes o elaborar nuevos paradigmas. Es necesa­ rio realizar estudios empíricos que apliquen un enfoque multidisciplinario para afrontar el reto del tiempo de espera para recibir tratamiento oncológico y que propongan iniciativas nuevas e innovadoras.

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Identificar ações gerenciais propostas e adotadas para reduzir o tempo de espera para o início do tratamento oncológico no sistema de saúde pública e sua aplicação na América Latina. Método. Foram feitas buscas em sete bancos de dados em dezembro de 2020. Os termos de busca foram conceituados em três grupos: tempo de espera, câncer e termos relacionados ao setor público. Os critérios de elegibilidade incluíam artigos acadêmicos teóricos ou empíricos escritos em inglês, espanhol ou portu­ guês, cujo foco fossem soluções gerenciais para enfrentar o dilema das filas para atendimento oncológico. Resultados. A busca retornou 1255 artigos, dos quais 20 foram selecionados e analisados nesta revisão. Os resultados mostram que a maioria das propostas está relacionada às dimensões de processo e pessoas. As ações relacionadas à dimensão de processo estavam associadas principalmente ao desenvolvimento de novos percursos assistenciais e à integração dos sistemas de atendimento oncológico. Já as iniciativas na dimensão de pessoas se referiam principalmente a forças­tarefa e grupos de especialistas. Algumas iniciati­vas estavam relacionadas à implementação de soluções tecnológicas e à dimensão tecnológica, sobretudo no que se refere à aquisição de dispositivos de radioterapia. Conclusão. Poucos estudos se concentram na análise de ações para minimizar o tempo de espera para início do tratamento oncológico. A prevalência de estudos de caso conceituais e ilustrativos indica a falta de maturidade da pesquisa sobre esse tema. Futuros estudos devem se concentrar em definir fundamentos teóricos da área, considerar os paradigmas existentes ou desenvolver novos paradigmas. São necessários estudos empíricos que utilizem uma abordagem multidisciplinar para enfrentar o desafio do tempo de espera para o tratamento oncológico e que proponham iniciativas novas e inovadoras.

Initiatives to reduce the waiting time to initiate oncological treatment: a scoping literature review / Iniciativas para reducir el tiempo de espera para iniciar el tratamiento oncológico: revisión exploratoria / Iniciativas para reduzir o tempo de espera para o início do tratamento oncológico: revisão de escopo da literatura

ABSTRACT Objective. To identify the managerial actions proposed and employed to reduce the waiting time to initiate oncological treatments in the public health system and its application in Latin America. Method. We searched seven databases in December 2020. Search terms were conceptualized into three groups: waiting time, cancer, and terms related to public sector. The eligibility criteria included theoretical or empirical academic articles written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, that focused on managerial solutions to face oncological healthcare queues' dilemma. Results. The search returned 1 255 articles, and 20 were selected and analysed in this review. Results show that most of the proposals are related to the process and people dimensions. The actions related to the process dimension were mainly associated with programming new treatment pathways and integrating cancer systems. People's dimension initiatives referred mostly to task forces and groups of specialists. Some initiatives were related to implementing technological solutions and the technology dimension, mainly concerning radiotherapy devices' acquisition. Conclusion. Few studies focus on analysing actions to minimize waiting time to initiate oncological treatments. The prevalence of conceptual and illustrative case studies indicates the lack of research maturity on this theme. Future studies should focus on setting the field's theoretical foundations, considering the existing paradigms, or developing new ones. There is a need for empirical studies applying a multidisciplinary approach to face the oncological treatment waiting time challenge and proposing new and innovative initiatives.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Identificar las medidas gerenciales propuestas y empleadas para reducir el tiempo de espera para iniciar el tratamiento oncológico y su aplicación en el sistema público de salud en América Latina. Método. Se realizaron búsquedas en siete bases de datos en diciembre del 2020. Se conceptualizaron los términos de búsqueda en tres grupos: tiempo de espera, cáncer y términos relacionados con el sector público. Entre los criterios de aceptabilidad se incluyeron artículos académicos teóricos o empíricos escritos en inglés, español o portugués acerca de soluciones gerenciales para enfrentar el dilema de los tiempos de espera en la atención médica oncológica. Resultados. La búsqueda arrojó como resultado 1 255 artículos; para esta revisión se seleccionaron y analizaron 20. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de las propuestas están relacionadas con dos dimensiones: el proceso y los pacientes. Las medidas relacionadas con el proceso se asociaron principalmente con la planificación de nuevas vías de tratamiento y la integración de los sistemas oncológicos. Las iniciativas relacionadas con los pacientes se referían principalmente a equipos de trabajo y grupos de especialistas. Algunas iniciativas estuvieron relacionadas con la dimensión de tecnología y soluciones tecnológicas, principalmente con la compra de equipos de radioterapia. Conclusiones. Pocos estudios se centran en analizar medidas que minimicen el tiempo de espera para iniciar los tratamientos oncológicos. La prevalencia de estudios de casos conceptuales e ilustrativos indica la falta de madurez de la investigación sobre este tema. Los estudios futuros deben centrarse en establecer las bases teóricas del campo, considerar los paradigmas existentes o elaborar nuevos paradigmas. Es necesario realizar estudios empíricos que apliquen un enfoque multidisciplinario para afrontar el reto del tiempo de espera para recibir tratamiento oncológico y que propongan iniciativas nuevas e innovadoras.

RESUMO Objetivo. Identificar ações gerenciais propostas e adotadas para reduzir o tempo de espera para o início do tratamento oncológico no sistema de saúde pública e sua aplicação na América Latina. Método. Foram feitas buscas em sete bancos de dados em dezembro de 2020. Os termos de busca foram conceituados em três grupos: tempo de espera, câncer e termos relacionados ao setor público. Os critérios de elegibilidade incluíam artigos acadêmicos teóricos ou empíricos escritos em inglês, espanhol ou português, cujo foco fossem soluções gerenciais para enfrentar o dilema das filas para atendimento oncológico. Resultados. A busca retornou 1255 artigos, dos quais 20 foram selecionados e analisados nesta revisão. Os resultados mostram que a maioria das propostas está relacionada às dimensões de processo e pessoas. As ações relacionadas à dimensão de processo estavam associadas principalmente ao desenvolvimento de novos percursos assistenciais e à integração dos sistemas de atendimento oncológico. Já as iniciativas na dimensão de pessoas se referiam principalmente a forças-tarefa e grupos de especialistas. Algumas iniciativas estavam relacionadas à implementação de soluções tecnológicas e à dimensão tecnológica, sobretudo no que se refere à aquisição de dispositivos de radioterapia. Conclusão. Poucos estudos se concentram na análise de ações para minimizar o tempo de espera para início do tratamento oncológico. A prevalência de estudos de caso conceituais e ilustrativos indica a falta de maturidade da pesquisa sobre esse tema. Futuros estudos devem se concentrar em definir fundamentos teóricos da área, considerar os paradigmas existentes ou desenvolver novos paradigmas. São necessários estudos empíricos que utilizem uma abordagem multidisciplinar para enfrentar o desafio do tempo de espera para o tratamento oncológico e que proponham iniciativas novas e inovadoras.

Using data envelopment analysis and the bootstrap method to evaluate organ transplantation efficiency in Brazil.

Brazil has the most extensive public program for organ transplantation in the world, and the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) provides full coverage of all costs involved in organ donation, transplants, and post-transplant. Despite the relevance of the subject and the shortage of organs for transplants, transplantation process efficiency assessments are still uncommon in Brazil and abroad. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the Brazilian states and the Federal District in transforming potential organ donors into actual donations. We applied data envelopment analysis (DEA) in conjunction with the bootstrap technique, using organ transplantation data from 2018. The bootstrap methods applied (bootstrap technique, the bootstrap-biased scores of efficiency, and the bootstrap bias-corrected scores of efficiency) allow to obtain a confidence interval for DEA scores and provide greater robustness to studies based on DEA methodology. The bootstrap bias-corrected model indicates that there is significant room for improvement in terms of converting potential donors into actual donors. The mean corrected score is 0.55, signalizing that altogether the Brazilian states could maximize in 45% the number of transplanted organs without necessarily increasing the pool of potential donors. The study provides insights into the Brazilian processes of organ donation and transplantation, helping to identify locations in need of resource allocation improvements. Given the scarcity of studies with a joint application of DEA and bootstrap techniques in this crucial health activity, we also intend to methodologically contribute to this type of benchmark analysis, emphasizing the importance of considering measurement errors, randomness, and bias at DEA models.

Brazilian nursing professionals: leadership to generate positive attitudes and behaviours.

PURPOSE: This paper aims to identify the kind of work environment that should be offered by hospital leaders to their nursing staff in Brazil to generate job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour within their field of expertise. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A survey was applied to 171 nurses and 274 nursing technicians who work at five private hospitals in Brazil. Both factor analysis and regression analysis were used to analyse the study model. FINDINGS: The results indicate that to stimulate positive behaviours and attitudes among nursing staff, managers should mainly be concerned about establishing a clear and effective communication with their professionals to ensure role clarity, promote a good working environment and encourage relationships based on trust. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: The limitations of the study are absence of the researcher while the questionnaires were filled out and the fact that the sample comprised respondents who made themselves available to participate in the research. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study contributes to elucidate the factors that can promote a good internal climate for nursing staff, assisting hospital leaders to face the huge managerial challenges of managing, retaining and advancing these professionals. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The findings contribute to the body of knowledge in leadership among nursing professionals in developing countries. Hospital leaders in Brazil should encourage trusting relationships with nursing professionals through clear, effective and respectful communications, besides investing in team development and promoting a good working environment.

Práticas avançadas e segurança do paciente: revisão integrativa da literatura / Prácticas avanzadas y seguridad del paciente: revisión integrativa de la literatura / Advanced practices and patient safety: an integrative literature review

Resumo Objetivo Identificar, nas literaturas nacional e internacional, a prática avançada em enfermagem como contribuição ao cuidado seguro. Métodos Estudo de revisão integrativa, conduzido nas bases de dados indexadas Pubmed, EBSCO, Proquest e Web of Science no período de junho a agosto de 2018 para responder as perguntas norteadoras: (1) "Quais os estudos que existem na literatura nacional e internacional que relacionam práticas avançadas e segurança do paciente?" e (2) "Como as práticas avançadas em enfermagem podem contribuir para a segurança do paciente?" Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos acadêmicos, publicados em periódicos com resumo e texto completo, disponíveis nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol, e que tivessem adotado método empírico de investigação do tema em análise. Não foi realizada restrição quanto o ano de publicação. Resultados A busca nas bases de dados resultou em 91 referências obtidas inicialmente, e após análise a amostra final constitui-se de 12 artigos. Conclusão Os resultados desta revisão integrativa evidenciaram que as práticas avançadas em enfermagem exercem uma relação positiva sobre a segurança do paciente.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar, en la literatura nacional e internacional, la práctica avanzada de enfermería como una contribución a la atención segura. Método Estudio de revisión integrativa, realizado en las bases indexadas Pubmed, EBSCO, Proquest y Web of Science, de junio a agosto de 2018 para responder a las preguntas orientadoras: (1) "¿Qué estudios existen en la literatura nacional e internacional relacionando las prácticas avanzadas con la seguridad del paciente? y (2) "¿Cómo pueden contribuir las prácticas avanzadas de enfermería a la seguridad del paciente? Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos académicos publicados en revistas con resúmenes y textos completos, disponibles en portugués, inglés o español, y que hubieran adoptado método empírico para la investigación del tema analizado. No hubo restricciones respecto del año de publicación. Resultados La búsqueda en las bases de datos dio como resultado 91 referencias obtenidas inicialmente. Después del análisis, la muestra final incluyó 12 artículos. Conclusión Los resultados de esta revisión integrativa mostraron que las prácticas avanzadas de enfermería ejercen una relación positiva en la seguridad del paciente.

Abstract Objective To identify, in the national and international literature, advanced practices in nursing that contribute to safe care. Methodology An integrative review study was conducted in the indexed databases of PubMed, EBSCO, Proquest and Web of Science from June to August 2018 to answer the guiding questions: (1) What studies in the national and international literature relate advanced practices and patient safety?; and (2) How can advanced practices in nursing contribute to patient safety? The inclusion criteria were: academic articles published in journals (abstract and full text) in Portuguese, English or Spanish, adopting an empirical method of investigation of the study subject. The study had no restriction regarding the publication year. Results The search in databases resulted in 91 references obtained at first; after analysis, the final sample consisted of 12 studies. Conclusion The results of this integrative review showed that advanced practices in nursing have a positive relation to patient safety.

Social networks and health practices: influence of a diabetes online community on adherence to treatment. / Redes sociais e práticas em saúde: influência de uma comunidade online de diabetes na adesão ao tratamento.

This study aims to understand how online communities can contribute to increasing the adherence of chronic patients to the treatment prescribed by the physician in Brazil. For this purpose, we applied the netnography method to analyze the community Diabetes: vivendo e aprendendo - troca de informações (free translation: "Diabetes: living and learning - information exchange"), considering the dimensions of adherence proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a theoretical framework. The analysis shows the influence of cyberculture on health and disease processes, resulting in changes in physician-patient relationships, patient empowerment, and individual management of own chronic condition. The results also showed a positive influence of the interactions established in the community on the multidimensional factors of the adherence model proposed by the WHO1, also leading to the possibility of including a sixth related to connectivity. The primary motivations identified for community participation were access to information on the disease and treatment, the sharing of experiences and social support. Thus, the proposition of health policies that help chronic patients meet these needs tends to contribute to increased adherence to treatment.

Este estudo visa compreender como as comunidades online podem contribuir, no Brasil, para aumentar a adesão de pacientes crônicos ao tratamento prescrito pelo médico. Para tanto, realizou-se a netnografia da comunidade Diabetes: vivendo e aprendendo ­ troca de informações, considerando como arcabouço teórico as dimensões da adesão propostas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde ­ OMS. A análise evidencia os impactos da Cibercultura sobre os processos de saúde e doença, provocando mudanças nas relações médico-paciente, no empoderamento do paciente e na gestão individual de sua condição crônica. Os resultados mostraram também uma influência positiva das interações estabelecidas na comunidade sobre os fatores multidimensionais do modelo de adesão proposto pela OMS, conduzindo ainda à possibilidade de inclusão de uma sexta dimensão referente à conectividade. As principais motivações identificadas para participação na comunidade foram o acesso a informações sobre a doença e o tratamento, o compartilhamento de experiências e o suporte social. Assim, a proposição de políticas de saúde que auxiliem os doentes crônicos a atenderem tais necessidades tende a contribuir para aumentar a adesão ao tratamento.

Redes sociais e práticas em saúde: influência de uma comunidade online de diabetes na adesão ao tratamento / Social networks and health practices: influence of a diabetes online community on adherence to treatment

Resumo Este estudo visa compreender como as comunidades online podem contribuir, no Brasil, para aumentar a adesão de pacientes crônicos ao tratamento prescrito pelo médico. Para tanto, realizou-se a netnografia da comunidade Diabetes: vivendo e aprendendo - troca de informações, considerando como arcabouço teórico as dimensões da adesão propostas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde - OMS. A análise evidencia os impactos da Cibercultura sobre os processos de saúde e doença, provocando mudanças nas relações médico-paciente, no empoderamento do paciente e na gestão individual de sua condição crônica. Os resultados mostraram também uma influência positiva das interações estabelecidas na comunidade sobre os fatores multidimensionais do modelo de adesão proposto pela OMS, conduzindo ainda à possibilidade de inclusão de uma sexta dimensão referente à conectividade. As principais motivações identificadas para participação na comunidade foram o acesso a informações sobre a doença e o tratamento, o compartilhamento de experiências e o suporte social. Assim, a proposição de políticas de saúde que auxiliem os doentes crônicos a atenderem tais necessidades tende a contribuir para aumentar a adesão ao tratamento.

Abstract This study aims to understand how online communities can contribute to increasing the adherence of chronic patients to the treatment prescribed by the physician in Brazil. For this purpose, we applied the netnography method to analyze the community Diabetes: vivendo e aprendendo - troca de informações (free translation: "Diabetes: living and learning - information exchange"), considering the dimensions of adherence proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a theoretical framework. The analysis shows the influence of cyberculture on health and disease processes, resulting in changes in physician-patient relationships, patient empowerment, and individual management of own chronic condition. The results also showed a positive influence of the interactions established in the community on the multidimensional factors of the adherence model proposed by the WHO1, also leading to the possibility of including a sixth related to connectivity. The primary motivations identified for community participation were access to information on the disease and treatment, the sharing of experiences and social support. Thus, the proposition of health policies that help chronic patients meet these needs tends to contribute to increased adherence to treatment.

Cost comparison of kidney transplant versus dialysis in Brazil.

This study aimed to compare the direct medical costs of renal transplantation and renal replacement therapies, specifically hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). Renal replacement therapies costs were based on data published in the literature. Cost items for kidney transplant were identified in a private hospital based on procedure codes used for charging the SUS, and other items were taken from the literature. In the four years covered by the study, cadaver kidney transplant generated per-patient savings of BRL 37,000 and BRL 74,000 compared to hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, respectively. Savings were even greater with living donor kidney transplant: BRL 46,000 and BRL 82,000 compared to hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, respectively. This result, together with survival and quality-of-life analyses, characterizes kidney transplant as the best clinical and financial alternative, thus supporting public policies for organ transplants in Brazil.

Uma comparação dos custos do transplante renal em relação às diálises no Brasil / Cost comparison of kidney transplant versus dialysis in Brazil / Una comparación de los costes del trasplante renal en relación con las diálisis en Brasil

Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os custos médicos diretos do transplante renal e das terapias renais substitutivas, especificamente a hemodiálise e a diálise peritoneal, sob a perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Os custos das terapias renais substitutivas foram extraídos de informações publicadas na literatura. Os itens de custo previstos do transplante renal foram identificados em um hospital privado mediante coleta dos códigos dos procedimentos utilizados para a cobrança do SUS e os demais itens extraídos da literatura. O resultado desta pesquisa indica que, no período dos quatro anos coberto por este estudo, o transplante renal de doador falecido gera uma economia, por paciente, de R$ 37 mil e R$ 74 mil em relação à hemodiálise e à diálise peritoneal, respectivamente. Quanto ao transplante renal de doador vivo, as economias são ainda maiores: R$ 46 mil e R$ 82 mil em relação à hemodiálise e à diálise peritoneal, respectivamente. Este resultado, aliado a análises de sobrevida e qualidade de vida, pode caracterizar o transplante renal como a melhor alternativa do ponto de vista financeiro e clínico, auxiliando na formulação de políticas públicas relacionadas com os transplantes de órgãos no Brasil.

Abstract: This study aimed to compare the direct medical costs of renal transplantation and renal replacement therapies, specifically hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). Renal replacement therapies costs were based on data published in the literature. Cost items for kidney transplant were identified in a private hospital based on procedure codes used for charging the SUS, and other items were taken from the literature. In the four years covered by the study, cadaver kidney transplant generated per-patient savings of BRL 37,000 and BRL 74,000 compared to hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, respectively. Savings were even greater with living donor kidney transplant: BRL 46,000 and BRL 82,000 compared to hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, respectively. This result, together with survival and quality-of-life analyses, characterizes kidney transplant as the best clinical and financial alternative, thus supporting public policies for organ transplants in Brazil.

Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar los costes médicos directos del trasplante renal y de las terapias renales substitutivas, específicamente la hemodiálisis y la diálisis peritoneal, bajo la perspectiva del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Los costes de las terapias renales substitutivas se extrajeron de información publicada en la literatura. Los ítems de coste previstos del trasplante renal se identificaron en un hospital privado, a partir de la recogida de códigos de procedimientos utilizados para el cobro del SUS y los demás ítems extraídos de la literatura. El resultado de esta investigación indica que, en el período de los 4 años cubierto por este estudio, el trasplante renal del donante fallecido genera un ahorro, por paciente, de R$ 37 mil y R$ 74 mil en relación al hemodiálisis y al diálisis peritoneal, respectivamente. En cuanto al trasplante renal del donante vivo, los ahorros son incluso mayores: R$ 46 mil y R$ 82 mil, en relación a la hemodiálisis y a la diálisis peritoneal, respectivamente. Este resultado, junto con análisis de supervivencia y calidad de vida, puede caracterizar el trasplante renal como la mejor alternativa desde el punto de vista financiero y clínico, auxiliando en la formulación de políticas públicas relacionadas con los trasplantes de órganos en Brasil.