Beware of oysters. Rapid advance of non-native species in tropical Pacific islands.

Non-indigenous species can become a problem for the ecosystem health, especially when their distribution grows to the detriment of native species. In this moment, they can become invasive species. In marine ecosystems, the maritime transport is the principal gate and corridor for the movement of alien species. The genetic identification, using barcoding tools, of different oyster species in ports of the remote French Polynesia islands and atolls, showed a significant increase of exotic versus native oyster species between 2011 and 2018. This supports the spread of exotic species with the maritime traffic as the main cause. Moreover, the 11% of inaccurate identification at species level obtained in this study shows the need to complete the genetic databases.

DNA barcodes of Antipode marine invertebrates in Bay of Biscay and Gulf of Lion ports suggest new biofouling challenges.

Marine biological invasions threaten global biodiversity nowadays. In this article, we have studied fouling communities from 10 port areas of south Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) and Gulf of Lion (Mediterranean Sea). A total of 834 individuals were genetically barcoded and corresponded to 95 different species. A total of 76 native species 8 genera and 1 family were identified, 58 from the Bay of Biscay and 23 from the Gulf of Lion. Furthermore, 19 species were identified as non-indigenous or cryptogenic (18 from the Bay of Biscay and 4 from the Gulf of Lion). We found a high proportion of Antipode non-indigenous species (NIS) that represented the 19.3% of all sampled individuals and the 54.21% of NIS specimens of this study. A framework for inference of donor regions based on a phylogenetic screening of genetic sequences was proposed as a proof of concept and tested, as well as models for the relationship between NIS introductions, maritime imports and distance to NIS native range and inferred donor areas. Consistent generalized linear models (GLM) with positive association between NIS genetic diversity and distance, not with maritime growth weight imports, strongly suggest that distant NIS could pose higher invasion risk than closer species. Selection for wider tolerance ranges during the long travel -direct or stepwise, as well as environmental similarity between donor and receiving regions, may explain these results.

Rate of biological invasions is lower in coastal marine protected areas.

Marine biological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide. Here we explore how Marine Protected areas, by reducing human use of the coast, confer resilience against the introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS), using two very different Pacific islands as case studies for developing and testing mathematical models. We quantified NIS vectors and promoters on Vancouver (Canada) and Moorea (French Polynesia) islands, sampled and barcoded NIS, and tested models at different spatial scales with different types of interaction among vectors and between marine protection and NIS frequency. In our results NIS were negatively correlated with the dimension of the protected areas and the intensity of the protection. Small to medium geographical scale protection seemed to be efficient against NIS introductions. The likely benefit of MPAs was by exclusion of aquaculture, principally in Canada. These results emphasize the importance of marine protected areas for biodiversity conservation, and suggest that small or medium protected zones would confer efficient protection against NIS introduction.

Barcodes of marine invertebrates from north Iberian ports: Native diversity and resistance to biological invasions.

Ports are gateways for many marine organisms transported by ships worldwide, especially non-indigenous species (NIS). In this study carried out in North Iberian ports (Cantabrian Sea, Bay of Biscay) we have observed 38% of exotic macroinvertebrates. Four species, namely the barnacle Austrominius modestus, the tubeworm Ficopomatus enigmaticus, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the pygmy mussel Xenostrobus securis, exhibited clear signs of invasiveness. A total of 671 barcode (cytochrome oxidase subunit I or 18S rRNA) genes were obtained and confirmed the species status of some cryptic NIS. Negative and significant correlation between diversity estimators of native biota and proportion of NIS suggests biotic resistance in ports. This could be applied to management of port biota for contributing to prevent the settlement of biopollutants in these areas which are very sensitive to biological invasions.

VY6, a ß-lactoglobulin-derived peptide, altered metabolic lipid pathways in the zebra fish liver.

Today enormous research efforts are being focused on alleviating the massive, adverse effects of obesity. Short peptides are key targets for research as they can be generated from natural proteins, like milk. Here we conducted trypsinogen digestion of beta-lactoglobulin (ß-lg), the major mammalian milk protein, to release the hexamer VY6. It was assayed in vivo for its activities on lipid metabolism using zebra fish as a vertebrate model. Zebra fish juveniles were injected with two different doses of the peptide: 100 and 800 µg per g fish and left for 5 days before sacrificing. Lipid measurements showed significant reduction in liver triglycerides and free cholesterol, as well as increased liver HDL cholesterol. Dose-dependent increases of the mRNA levels of the genes coding for the enzymes acyl coenzyme A oxidase 1 (acox1) and lipoprotein lipase (lpl) were also found. The complete results suggest significant anti-obesity activity of the ß-lg-derived VY6 peptide. Its use as a nutraceutical has been discussed.

Evaluación de competencias comunicativas para la compresión de emociones, afectos e intenciones en personas condiferentes cuadros clínicos / Evaluation of subtle markets of mentalistic inferences and subtle communicative skills in people with different clinical disorder

En este estudio quereos elaborar un protocolo de pruebas para evaluar competencias comunicativas de compresión de emociones e intenciones a personas con diferentes cuadros clíncios. Se aministró a tres muestras: participatnes con desarrollo normal, participantes con SA y participantes con TOC. Se realizó un ANOVA de 3X5 con medidas repetidas en un factor. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significtivas tanto en los factores principales como en la interacción. Para el factor principal tipo de población se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para el total de la batería, mostrando que los participantes con desarrollo nomal presentan elmejor rendimietno, los participantes con TOC, puntucaciones intermedias y los participantes con S.A, las puntuaciones inferiores El análisis factorial muestra un solo factor que explica el 61% de la varianza, lo que indica qe todas las pruebas evalúan un campo restringido de contenidos. Los resultados indican que la batería puede contribuir al diagostico diferencial de estas competencias de cmpresión de emociones, afectos e intenciones al encontrase un perfil de ejecución particular en los participantes con SA y TOC(AU)

In this reseach the emotional and pragmatic competences of people with different clinical disorders are studied. Our goal were to build a set o test for the detection of subtle markersof entalistic inferences and subtle pragmatic skills in persons with normal development, persons with AS and persons with OCD. A repeated measures 3x5 ANOVA was conducted. Significantly differnces were found so in the main factors as in the interaction. For the factor kind of population significantly differences were found in the whole set of test; people with normal development showed the best scores, people with OCD scored significantly lower and people with AS had the significantly lowest scres in the test. The factorial analysis demosntrated a main factor which explains 61% of the variance. This reveals that all the test evaluate the same resptricted group of issues. The main findidngs were that the set of tests may conribute to the differntial diagnosis in this competences of understanding of emotions, affects and intentions, showing a particular cognitive profile in people with AS(AU)

[Epithelioid sarcoma. Immunohistochemical study. Therapy with recombinant alfa interferon]. / Sarcoma epitelioide. Estudio inmunohistoquímico. Terapéutica con interferón alfa recombinante.

A case of Epithelioid Sarcoma in a 26 years old woman is reported. Clinical aspects of this entity are commented. Immunomarcation with monoclonal and policlonal antibodies was made, the findings were compared to those of the literature. Supervivence of the patient for 6 years without agressive surgery is remarked. Treatment was ruled out with recombinant alfa interferon for the last 3 years.