Protein identification from dried nipple aspirate fluid on Guthrie cards using mass spectrometry.

Nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) requires investigation as a potential source of biomarkers for early diagnosis or risk assessment in breast cancer and other breast disorders. The present study demonstrated that proteins were easily extracted from dried NAF spots on Guthrie cards and were suitable for mass spectrometry analysis. NAF was obtained from 80 women, collected on Guthrie cards, between 2007 and 2010. The NAF-proteins were extracted from the card by incubating the card in water. These proteins were then quantified and separated using one-dimensional, 12% SDS-PAGE, gel electrophoresis and on high-resolution gradient gels at different concentrations (4-12, 8-16 and 4-20%). The bands with the most abundant proteins were excised from the gradient gels and the proteins were identified by liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight. Immunoglobulins, Zn-α2-glicoprotein, apoliprotein D and prolactin inducible protein were among those identified. The NAF-Guthrie card collection method has not been applied previously, however, NAF proteins have been identified using other collecting techniques, confirming the feasibility of the NAF Guthrie card collection method for analyzing the proteins within NAF. The NAF-Guthrie card collecting method has multiple advantages, including being inexpensive, non-invasive, reliable and painless, and the cards can be stored at room temperature. Examining NAF may assist in identifying individuals at a higher risk of breast cancer and in improving patient prognosis.

Detecção dos polimorfismos 213AG e 13494GA no gene TP53 em carcinoma ductal de mama: relato de caso / Detection of Polymorphisms 213AG and 13494GA in the TP53 Gene in Breast in Situ Ductal Carcinoma: Case Report

Introdução: A caracterização das alterações moleculares em lesões mamárias suspeitas para malignidade ainda não são bem definidas. Sabe-se que a detecção precoce do câncer de mama aumenta consideravelmente as chances de cura. Com isso, a busca por marcadores tumorais, a fim de auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce e predizer com confiança se essas lesões são benignas ou malignas, se faz necessária. No processo de carcinogênese, diversas são as alterações de expressão gênica, na qual envolve vários genes-chave que controlam o ciclo celular. Entre os genes, o TP53 tem sido amplamente pesquisado por apresentar mutações e variantes que podem estar envolvidas na carcinogênese mamária. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 45 anos, branca, casada, residente do Estado do Rio de Janeiro com carcinoma ductal in situ grau 2, multifocal. Lesão positiva para os receptores hormonais de estrogênio e progesterona, com ausência de mutação somática e com presença dos variantes 213A→G e 13494G→A no éxon 6 e intron 6 do gene TP53. Conclusão: Embora tenham sido considerados individualmente neutros, não existem estudos que tenham avaliado o efeito sinérgico dos variantes 213A→G e 13494G→A

Introduction:The characterization of molecular alterations in breast lesions suspicious for malignancy is not welldefined.it is known that early detection of breast cancer greatly increases the chances of cure. Thus, it is required the survey for tumor markers may help establish an early diagnosis and confidently predict whether these lesions arebenign or malignant.in the process of carcinogenesis, there are several changes in gene expression, which involvesseveral key genes that control the cell cycle.among the genes,TP53has been widely studied for its mutations andvariations, which may be involved in breast carcinogenesis...

Measurement of HER2 in saliva of women in risk of breast cancer.

HER2 amplification can be present in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The aim of the present study was to test the feasibility of measuring soluble HER2 in the saliva of patients at risk of breast cancer towards early diagnosis and prognosis. Women with lesions classified as 4 according to BIRADS and women with spontaneous nipple discharge (NAF) were recruited for this study. Quantification of soluble HER2 in saliva was performed using the enzyme immunoassay ELISA. Median values of HER2 were quantified in saliva of the control groups and in the patient groups. The statistical test nonparametric Mann-Whitney was applied for the evaluation of median differences. Although the medians increased with the severity of the clinical status, no significant difference was found in all possibilities (p > 0.05) when comparing the medians among the patients groups. Interestingly, inter-individual HER2 quantity variations in the saliva were detected in this study in some subjects from each group. Considering possible inter-individual variations, research on saliva-based circulating HER2 has to be reinforced to ensure its correct application in diagnosis, treatment and in follow-up of breast cancer patients. Older and current issues surrounding the controversy about the appropriate methods for HER2 evaluation are discussed.