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1.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 70(5): 418-423, mayo 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-61517

RESUMO

Introducción: La hipertensión arterial no se ha considerado un problema en el seguimiento de los pacientes con fibrosis quística (FQ). Las pérdidas de sodio en estos pacientes condicionan deshidrataciones hiponatrémicas que pueden repercutir en su sensibilidad gustativa a la sal. Objetivo: Estudiar los valores de presión arterial (PA) y analizar el perfil ingestivo salino y su relación con la PA en un grupo de pacientes con FQ. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico con un grupo control: grupo de estudio de 20 sujetos de 4 a 30 años con diagnóstico de FQ y grupo control de 73 sujetos sanos. Realización de examen físico, medición de PA y test específicos para determinar el perfil ingestivo salino. Resultados: Los valores de PA sistólica (PAS) y de PA diastólica (PAD) fueron significativamente menores en el grupo de pacientes con FQ (PAS de 99,63±9,11mmHg frente a 111,94±10,71mmHg, p=0,001; PAD de 57,84±7,40mmHg frente a 70,05±8,11mmHg, p=0,001). Al ajustar estos valores por edad, sexo, peso y talla, las diferencias no mantuvieron significación estadística. Los valores del estudio del perfil ingestivo salino no presentaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. Mientras que el grupo control presentó una correlación negativa entre la PAS y la sensibilidad gustativa a la sal (coeficiente de correlación de Pearson [r] de −0,341; p=0,003), en el grupo de pacientes con FQ esta relación no se confirmó (r de −0,115; p=0,6). Conclusiones: Los valores de PA y los valores de estudio del perfil ingestivo salino de los pacientes con FQ son equivalentes a los valores de la población normal cuando se ajustan sus diferencias por los posibles factores de confusión. No hay correlación entre los valores de PA y la sensibilidad gustativa a la sal en los pacientes con FQ (AU)


Background: High blood pressure (BP) is not considered a problem in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The loss of sodium in these patients may affect their sensitivity to the taste of salt. Objectives: To study the BP in a group of patients with CF and to analyse their salt intake profile and the relationship with their BP levels. Patients and methods: Cross-sectional analytical study with control group. Index group: 20 subjects, 4–30 years old with diagnosis of CF. Control group: 73 healthy subjects. Physical examination, BP measurement and specific tests to determine the salt ingestion profile. Results: Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) values were lower in the CF group. SBP: 99.63±9.11mmHg vs. 111.94±10.71mmHg, P: 0.001. DBP: 57.84±7.40mmHg vs. 70.05±8.11mmHg, P: 0.001. When these values were adjusted for age, sex, weight and height of the participants, differences did not remain statistically significant. Values of the salt intake profile did not differ significantly between the two groups. While the control group showed a significant negative correlation between SBP and salt taste sensitivity (r: −0.341, P=0.003), this correlation was not confirmed in CF patients (r: −0.115 P=0.6). Conclusions: BP values and the salt intake profile values in CF patients are equivalent to the normal population values when their differences are adjusted to the potential confounding factors. There is no correlation between BP levels and salt taste sensitivity in patients with CF (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Fibrose Cística/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Sódio na Dieta/análise , Fatores de Risco
2.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 70(5): 418-23, 2009 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19375992

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: High blood pressure (BP) is not considered a problem in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The loss of sodium in these patients may affect their sensitivity to the taste of salt. OBJECTIVES: To study the BP in a group of patients with CF and to analyse their salt intake profile and the relationship with their BP levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional analytical study with control group. Index group: 20 subjects, 4-30 years old with diagnosis of CF. CONTROL GROUP: 73 healthy subjects. Physical examination, BP measurement and specific tests to determine the salt ingestion profile. RESULTS: Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) values were lower in the CF group. SBP: 99.63+/-9.11mmHg vs. 111.94+/-10.71mmHg, P: 0.001. DBP: 57.84+/-7.40mmHg vs. 70.05+/-8.11mmHg, P: 0.001. When these values were adjusted for age, sex, weight and height of the participants, differences did not remain statistically significant. Values of the salt intake profile did not differ significantly between the two groups. While the control group showed a significant negative correlation between SBP and salt taste sensitivity (r: -0.341, P=0.003), this correlation was not confirmed in CF patients (r: -0.115 P=0.6). CONCLUSIONS: BP values and the salt intake profile values in CF patients are equivalent to the normal population values when their differences are adjusted to the potential confounding factors. There is no correlation between BP levels and salt taste sensitivity in patients with CF.


Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibrose Cística/fisiopatologia , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/farmacologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
3.
Bol. pediatr ; 46(196): 128-134, 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-048745

RESUMO

Introducción: El consumo de sal está relacionado con la etiología de determinadas formas de hipertensión arterial (HTA). La divulgación científica ha trasmitido a la población general la inconveniencia del consumo elevado de sodio. La estimación del consumo de sodio puede hacerse mediante pruebas funcionales, como la EFNa, la recogida de información a través de encuestas y raramente mediante cuantificación directa del contenido sódico de los alimentos. Objetivo: La valoración del impacto de la información sobre consumo de sal declarado y su relación con aspectos objetivos del metabolismo sódico, en familias controles y familias con algún progenitor afecto de HTA esencial. Metodología: Se estudian 124 familias, de ellas 73 actúan como controles y 51 tienen, al menos, uno de los padres afectados de hipertensión arterial esencial (grupo hijos HTA). Se recogen encuestas sobre hábitos alimenticios familiares, y se realizan determinaciones de función renal estimada, excreción fraccionada de sodio (EFNa) y tensión arterial (TA) en los descendientes. Resultados: Globalmente, un 80% de las madres de familia declaran cocinar con 'poca sal' (84% en el grupo control, frente al 74% de hijos HTA, sin que las diferencias alcancen significación estadística). Los valores de EFNa de los descendientes del grupo control son de 0,65±0,03 y de 0,71±0,05 en hijos de HTA (N.S.). Tampoco se hallaron correlaciones significativas entre TAS y TAD con la EFNa, globalmente, ni en el grupo control aisladamente. La EFNa y la TAS del grupo de hijos HTA presentaron una correlación próxima a la significación estadística (P=0,06). La satisfacción gustativa, en una escala analógica de 0 a 10 puntos, para siete alimentos 'salados' (aceitunas, patatas 'chips', etc.) resultó de 5,59±0,16, sin correlación significativa con los valores de EFNa, TAS ni TAD. Un ANOVA reveló la ausencia de influencia de la adición de sal (poca, normal o mucha sal) al cocinar, declarada, sobre la EFNa. Conclusión: Las recomendaciones publicadas y asumidas por la población general sobre el efecto deletéreo de la sal, parecen sesgar la opinión sobre el consumo, detectándose una tendencia a la declaración de consumos pequeños, sin que puedan evidenciarse correlaciones positivas con variables objetivas de relevancia, incluyendo TA y EFNa. Igualmente negativa resultó su su asociación con el gusto por alimentos salados


Salt intake is closed related to the etiology of several types of hypertension. Scientific popularisation has been able to spread to the general population the inconvenience of high sodium intake. Sodium intake estimation can be achieved by means of functional tests, like NaFE, information obtained from questionnaires and rarely by direct quantification of food sodium content. Objective: To evaluate the impact of information on declared salt intake and its relationship with objective aspects about sodium metabolism, in control families and families with at least one parent affected with essential hypertension. Patients and methods: 124 families were included in the study, 73 as control group (C) and 51 with at least one of the parents with essential hypertension (EHT). Questionnaires about familiar eating habits were collected. Estimated renal function, sodium fractional excretion (NaFE) and blood pressure (BP) values were obtained from the descendants. Results. Overall, 80% of the mothers stated to cook with 'little salt' (84% in the C group vs. 74% in the EHT, without significant difference). NaFE values in the control group descendants were 0.65 ±0.03 and 0.71±0.05 in the EHT (NS). Moreover, no significant correlations were found between systolic nor diastolic blood pressure with NaFE, neither globally, nor in the study groups. NaFE and systolic BP in EHT presented correlation values close to the statistical signification (P=0.06). The mean value of the positive taste appreciation for seven 'salty' products (olives, chip potatoes, etc…) was 5.59±0.16, with no significant correlation against NaFE, systolic and diastolic BP. The influence of declared salt addition while cooking (little, normal or much salt), on NaFE was not significant. Conclusion: Published and assumed recommendations followed by the general population about deleterious effect of salt, seem to slant the opinion about intake. Abias towards the declaration of little intakes was detected. We could not found any positive correlation between objective variables, including BP, NaFE and declared (subjective) familial salt consumption


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adulto , Adolescente , Humanos , Hipertensão/etiologia , Hipertensão/dietoterapia , Sódio na Dieta/metabolismo , Comportamento Alimentar , Inquéritos e Questionários , Sódio na Dieta/efeitos adversos
4.
Hipertensión (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 22(8): 311-317, nov. 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-041467

RESUMO

Introducción. Trabajos experimentales sobre animales y humanos sugieren que el desarrollo de los mecanismos integradores centrales o periféricos sensitivos de la ingesta salina están influidos por la historia hidromineral temprana. Este trabajo estudia en jóvenes sanos el perfil gustativo salino y la presión arterial y su relación con la predisposición o condicionamiento genético por ascendentes hipertensos. Material y método. Cincuenta y un niños y jóvenes sanos con al menos un progenitor afecto de hipertensión esencial y 73 sanos sin dicho antecedente. Se determinaron parámetros somatométricos y presión arterial y se valoraron las capacidades gustativo-sensoriales salinas: sensibilidad (umbral de detección), consistencia (discriminación), preferencia (elección) y tolerancia (rechazo). Resultados. La presión arterial en ambos grupos fue similar. El umbral de sensibilidad gustativa salino fue menor (p = 0,028) en hijos de hipertensos, mientras la consistencia, preferencia y tolerancia no mostraron diferencias en ninguno de los grupos. El umbral de sensibilidad salino y la presión arterial sistólica se correlacionaron significativamente en controles (p = 0,015), pero no en hijos de hipertensos, salvo que se introdujeran edad, sexo e índice de masa corporal como variables de control (coeficiente ß = 0,94; p = 0,012). El sentido de la correlación presentó valores contrarios en ambos grupos. Conclusiones. Ambos grupos de estudio presentaron asociación significativa entre el umbral de sensibilidad gustativa salina y presión arterial sistólica. El umbral de sensibilidad gustativo salino y la consistencia en individuos control presentó correlación positiva (individuos con mayor sensibilidad gustativa salina mostraron mayor capacidad de discriminación). La aplicación de ambas pruebas constituye una herramienta coherente y eficaz para determinar el perfil gustativo y reveló la existencia de cambios tempranos en los hijos de hipertensos


Introduction. Experimental studies on animals and humans suggest that the development of central or peripheral sensitive integrating mechanisms of salt intake are influenced by early hydromineral history. This work studies salt gustatory profile and blood pressure in healthy young subjects and their relationship with genetic predisposition or conditioning by hypertensive ascendants. Material and methods. Fifty one children and healthy young subjects, with at least one parent affected by essential hypertension, and 73 healthy ones without said background. Somatometric parameters and blood pressure were determined and salt gustatory-sensorial capacities were assessed: sensitivity (detection threshold), consistence (discrimination), preference (choice) and tolerance (rejection). Results. Blood pressure in both groups was similar. Salt gustatory sensitivity threshold was lower (p = 0.028) in children of hypertensive subjects while cosistence, preference and tolerance showed no differences in any other the groups. Salt sensitivity threshold and systolic blood pressure were significantly correlated in controls (p = 0.015), but not in children of hypertensive subjects, except when age, gender and body mass index were introduced as control variables (coefficient ß = 0.94; p = 0.012). The sense of the correlation had contrary values in both groups. Conclusions. Both study groups had significant association between the salt gustatory sensitivity threshold and systolic blood pressure. Salt gustatory sensitivity threshold and consistence in control individuals had a positive correlation (individuals with greater salt gustatory sensitivity showed greater discrimination capacity). Application of both tests constitutes a coherent and effective tool to determine gustatory profile and revealed the existence of early changes in children of hypertensive subjects


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Humanos , Limiar Gustativo , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacocinética , Distúrbios do Paladar/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Pressão Sanguínea , Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Comportamento Alimentar
5.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 63(3): 238-43, 2005 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16219277

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of obesity in industrialized countries is increasing and is closely related to essential hypertension (EHT) in adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of obesity and its association with other known cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of children and young adults with at least one parent with EHT. METHODS: The EHT group consisted 51 children and young adults (28 males [aged 5.4-25.6 years]) with at least one parent with EHT. The control group comprised 73 healthy normotensive children and young adults (43 males [aged 7.2-25.2 years]) who completed the follow-up visits of the RICARDIN study. Blood pressure (BP) was measured with a standardized technique using a mercury sphygmomanometer. A 12-hour fasting blood sample was taken for lipid profile and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) determinations. Financial support: FIS 03/0350, ESV Foundation Grant, 2003. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was five times higher in the EHT group than in controls (19.6% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.007). In this group, obese subjects showed higher systolic BP (122.0 vs. 110.4 mmHg p = 0.004) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (47.6 vs. 58.0 mg/dl, p < 0.05). After adjustment for age and systolic BP, obese subjects in the EHT group showed significantly higher CRP values than non-obese subjects in this group (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity is higher in the offspring of parents with EHT than in non HT-prone subjects. Clustering of other additional risk factors indicates the need for high-risk preventive interventions in this group of children and young adults.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Família , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Filhos Adultos , Criança , Análise por Conglomerados , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
6.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 63(3): 238-243, sept. 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-041300

RESUMO

Introducción. La prevalencia de obesidad está aumentando alarmantemente en países industrializados y se relaciona con el desarrollo de hipertensión arterial esencial (HTE) en adolescentes. Objetivo. Analizar la prevalencia de obesidad y su relación con otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular, en una muestra de niños y jóvenes en los que al menos uno de sus padres padecía HTE. Métodos. Grupo HTE: 51 niños y jóvenes, 28 varones (5,4-25,6 años) en los que al menos uno de sus padres padecía HTE. Grupo control: 73 niños y jóvenes sanos y normotensos, 43 varones (7,2-25,2 años) que completaron el seguimiento longitudinal del estudio RICARDIN. La presión arterial (PA) se midió mediante una técnica estandarizada con un esfigmomanómetro de mercurio. Determinación tras ayuno de 12 h de perfil lipídico y proteína C reactiva (PCR) ultrasensible. Resultados. La prevalencia de obesidad fue 5 veces mayor en hijos de HTE que en controles (19,6 % frente a 4,1 %, p 5 0,007). Los hijos obesos de padres HTE presentaron cifras mayores de PA sistólica (122,0 mmHg frente a 110,4 mmHg; p 5 0,004), y menores de colesterol HDL (47,6 mg/dl frente a 58,0 mg/dl; p < 0,05) que los no obesos. Ajustado por edad y PA sistólica, los descendientes obesos de padres HTE presentaron valores de PCR más altos que los no obesos (p 5 0,024). Conclusiones. En hijos de padres HTE se observa una alta prevalencia de obesidad. La coexistencia de éste con otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular hace patente la necesidad de aplicar medidas preventivas intensivas en este tipo de pacientes


Introduction. The prevalence of obesity in industrialized countries is increasing and is closely related to essential hypertension (EHT) in adolescents. Objective. To analyze the prevalence of obesity and its association with other known cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of children and young adults with at least one parent with EHT. Methods. The EHT group consisted 51 children and young adults (28 males [aged 5.4-25.6 years]) with at least one parent with EHT. The control group comprised 73 healthy normotensive children and young adults (43 males [aged 7.2-25.2 years]) who completed the follow-up visits of the RICARDIN study. Blood pressure (BP) was measured with a standardized technique using a mercury sphygmomanometer. A 12-hour fasting blood sample was taken for lipid profile and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) determinations. Financial support: FIS 03/0350, ESV Foundation Grant, 2003. Results. The prevalence of obesity was five times higher in the EHT group than in controls (19.6 % vs. 4.1 %, p 5 0.007). In this group, obese subjects showed higher systolic BP (122.0 vs. 110.4 mmHg p 5 0.004) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (47.6 vs. 58.0 mg/dl, p < 0.05). After adjustment for age and systolic BP, obese subjects in the EHT group showed significantly higher CRP values than non-obese subjects in this group (p 5 0.024). Conclusions. The prevalence of obesity is higher in the offspring of parents with EHT than in non HT-prone subjects. Clustering of other additional risk factors indicates the need for high-risk preventive interventions in this group of children and young adults


Assuntos
Criança , Adulto , Adolescente , Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Família , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
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