Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Associated Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in the Nasal Cavity.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare soft tissue sarcomas, with 50% of cases associated with type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF-1). A 27-year-old male patient was referred to our department with an extended right nasal cavity MPNST. The lesion extended to the skull base, intracranial, parapharyngeal space, and infratemporal fossa. NF-1 was also confirmed by a neurologist. The patient was negative for distant metastases. Due to the tumor's proximity to vital structures, it was decided to treat it with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Nasal cavity MPNSTs are particularly uncommon, with few reported cases. They should be included in the differential diagnosis of nasal masses or recurrent nosebleeds, particularly in patients with NF-1. Careful follow-up is essential to detect early recurrence, which contributes to a better prognosis.

Epigenetic editing and tumor-dependent immunosuppressive signaling in head and neck malignancies.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) comprises a heterogeneous variety of malignant tumors, characterized by a relatively high tumor mutation burden. Previous data have revealed that immune system dysfunction appears to serve a key role in the development and progression of HNC and established immunosuppression is vital for evading the host immune response. Despite progress in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the survival rate of patients with HNC is still low. Therefore, the present review discusses the development of novel immunotherapy approaches based on the various immune cell signaling routes that trigger drug resistance and immunosuppression. Additionally, the present review discusses the epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling and non-coding RNAs that drive and support HNC progression. Furthermore, the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor macrophages and myeloid cells in tumor-related immunosuppression are considered. Specifically, the molecular immune-related mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment, which lead to decreased drug sensitivity and tumor relapse, and strategies for reversing drug resistance and targeting immunosuppressive tumor networks are discussed. Deciphering these molecular mechanisms is essential for preclinical and clinical investigations in order to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, an improved understanding of these immune cell signaling pathways that drive immune surveillance, immune-driven inflammation and tumor-related immunosuppression is necessary for future personalized HNC-based therapeutic approaches.

[The use of acoustic rhinometry for the assessment of adenoid hypertrophy: a clinical study]. / Rinometría acústica en la valoración de la hipertrofia adenoidea. Estudio clínico.

OBJECTIVE: In our study, we employed the method of acoustic rhinometry for preoperative and postoperative (after adenoidectomy) evaluation of 25 children between 3-12 years of age who suffered from adenoid hypertrophy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This method showed with accuracy the changes of the dimensions of the nasal cavity following the operation. The parameters which were evaluated prior and subsequent to the operation were the diameter of the nasal cavity in the area of the adenoids and the total volume of the nasal passage. RESULTS: As shown by acoustic rhinometry, the change of the cross-sectional area of the nasopharynx was 59.43% on average. Similarly, the augmentation of the volume of the nasal cavity was 46.39 % on average. The change of the dimensions of the nasal cavity paralleled the alteration of clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we can assume that acoustic rhinometry can show with accuracy the dimensions of the nasal cavity, especially at the front part. It is also very useful in the assessment of the efficiency of the treatment in cases of nasal obstruction and especially of adenoid hypertrophy.

Rinometría acústica en la valoración de la hipertrofia adenoidea. Estudio clínico / The use of acoustic rhinometry for the assessment of adenoid hypertrophy: a clinical study

Objetivo: En nuestro estudio, utilizamos el método de rinometría acústica para la evaluación prequirúrgica y posquirúrgica (tras adenoidectomía) de 25 niños entre 3 y 12 años que presentaban hipertrofia adenoidea. Material y método: Este método mostró con precisión los cambios en las dimensiones de la cavidad nasal tras la intervención. Los parámetros evaluados antes y después de la intervención fueron el diámetro de la cavidad nasal en el área de las adenoides y el volumen total del paso nasal. Resultados: Como se observa por la rinometría acústica, el cambio en el área transversal de la nasofaringe fue de media del 59,43 %. De forma similar, el aumento de volumen de la cavidad nasal fue del 46,39 % de media. El cambio en las dimensiones de la cavidad nasal fue paralelo a las alteraciones de los síntomas clínicos. Conclusiones: En conclusión, podemos asumir que la rinometría acústica puede mostrar con precisión las dimensiones de la cavidad nasal, especialmente en la parte frontal. También es muy útil en la valoración de la eficiencia del tratamiento en caso de obstrucción nasal y, especialmente, de hipertrofia adenoidea (AU)

Objective: In our study, we employed the method of acoustic rhinometry for preoperative and postoperative (after adenoidectomy) evaluation of 25 children between 3-12 years of age who suffered from adenoid hypertrophy. Material and method: This method showed with accuracy the changes of the dimensions of the nasal cavity following the operation. The parameters which were evaluated prior and subsequent to the operation were the diameter of the nasal cavity in the area of the adenoids and the total volume of the nasal passage. Results: As shown by acoustic rhinometry, the change of the cross-sectional area of the nasopharynx was 59.43% on average. Similarly, the augmentation of the volume of the nasal cavity was 46.39 % on average. The change of the dimensions of the nasal cavity paralleled the alteration of clinical symptoms. Conclusions: In conclusion, we can assume that acoustic rhinometry can show with accuracy the dimensions of the nasal cavity, especially at the front part. It is also very useful in the assessment of the efficiency of the treatment in cases of nasal obstruction and especially of adenoid hypertrophy (AU)