Factors associated with non-specific low back pain in children aged 10-12 from Bucaramanga, Colombia: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: There are no Colombian studies published that assess non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) risk factors in children. OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with NSLBP in 73 children (19.2% girls) aged 10-12 years in one military school in Bucaramanga, Colombia. METHODS: A questionnaire was used to obtain information of risk factors. Subsequently, children's weight and height were measured. The backpack was weighed at the beginning of each day from Monday to Friday. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated, with their respective 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The one-month prevalence of NSLBP was 39.7% (95% CI 28.4-51.9). In the multivariate analysis, carrying backpacks wearing between 12% and 20% of body weight, having a perception that the backpack is very heavy, and being a passive smoker increase the likelihood of NSLBP, while being 11-year-old compared to 10-year-old decreases the likelihood of having NSLBP, adjusted for gender, body mass index, and history of LBP in parents. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of low back pain was found in children between 10 and 12 years old. The study of the decisive factors of low back pain is important to identify children at risk, as well as to develop efficient primary prevention programs.

Reproducibilidad de una prueba para la evaluación funcional del balance dinámico y la agilidad del adulto mayor / Reproducibility of a test for the functional evaluation of dynamic balance and agility in elderly people

Introducción: la prueba 8 foot up & go evalúa el balance dinámico y la agilidad del adulto mayor. Aunque se ha evaluado su reproducibilidad en población norteamericana, se desconoce si funciona de manera similar en una población diferente como la colombiana. Objetivo: evaluar la reproducibilidad prueba-reprueba y el nivel de acuerdo de la prueba 8 foot up & go para la evaluación funcional del balance dinámico y la agilidad en una muestra de adultos mayores de Bucaramanga. Materiales y métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio de evaluación de pruebas diagnósticas en 114 adultos mayores. Se evaluó la reproducibilidad prueba-reprueba mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI [2,1]) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). El nivel de acuerdo se estableció mediante el método de Bland y Altman. Resultados: la reproducibilidad prueba-reprueba fue muy buena (CCI: 0,98; IC95%: 0,98-0,99); se encontró buen nivel de acuerdo para las mujeres (promedio de las diferencias [PD] = 0,04 segundos y límites de acuerdo [LA]: -1,27; 1,36 segundos) y los individuos institucionalizados (PD = 0,04 segundos [LA]: -3,18; 3,27 segundos). Conclusión: la prueba 8 foot up & go tiene muy buena reproducibilidad y buen nivel de acuerdo en población adulta mayor local colombiana.

Background: The 8 foot up & go test assesses the dynamic balance and agility in elderly people. Its reproducibility has been evaluated in American population, but it is unknown whether it would work similarly in a different population like the Colombian. Objective: To evaluate the test-retest reliability and agreement level of the 8 foot up & go test in a sample of older adults from Bucaramanga, Colombia. Materials and methods: An evaluation of diagnostic tests was done in 114 elderly individuals. In the analysis, we assessed the test-retest reliability of the 8 foot up & go test by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC 2.1) with their respective confidence intervals at 95% (95% CI). The agreement level was established by the Bland-Altman method. Results: The test-retest reliability of the 8 foot up & go test was very good (ICC: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.98- 0.99). The agreement was good in females (mean difference [MD] = 0.04 seconds and limits of agreement [LA]: -1.27; 1.36 seconds), and in elderly institutionalized (MD = 0.04 seconds [LA]: -3.18; 3.27 seconds). Conclusion: The 8 foot up & go test has very good reliability and good agreement in Colombian local elderly population.

Reproducibilidad de las pruebas Arm Curly Chair Stand para evaluar resistencia muscular en población adulta mayor / Reliability of Arm Curl and Chair Stand tests for assessing muscular endurance in older people / Reprodutibilidade dos testes de Arm Curl e Chair Stand para avaliar resistência muscular em idosos

Objetivo: evaluar la reproducibilidad prueba-reprueba y el nivel de acuerdo entre mediciones de las pruebas 30 seg (30-s) Arm Curl y 30-s Chair Stand en una muestra de adultos mayores de Bucaramanga. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de evaluación de tecnologías diagnósticas. Ambas pruebas fueron administradas en dos oportunidades por el mismo evaluador a 111 adultos mayores de 59 años (70,4 ± 7,3), con un intervalo de 4 a 8 días. En el análisis se determinó la reproducibilidad prueba-reprueba mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase, CCI= 2,1 con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza de 95% (IC 95%). El nivel de acuerdo se estableció mediante el método de Bland y Altman. Resultados: la reproducibilidad prueba-reprueba para el 30-s Arm Curl test fue muy buena, con un CCI= 0,88 y para el 30-s Chair Stand test fue buena, con un CCI= 0,78. Así, el acuerdo fue muy bueno para las dos pruebas de resistencia muscular. Los IC 95% estuvieron entre -3,8 y 3,2 repeticiones para la prueba 30-s Chair Stand y entre -3,1 y 2,8 repeticiones para la prueba 30-s Arm Curl. Conclusión: las pruebas 30-s Arm Curl y 30-s Chair Stand tienen buena reproducibilidad y nivel de acuerdo para evaluar resistencia muscular en adultos mayores funcionalmente independientes.

Objective: to assess the test-retest reliability and level of agreement between measures of the 30 second (30-s) Arm Curl and 30-s Chair Stand test in a sample of older adults from Bucaramanga. Materials and methods: a study of evaluation of diagnostic technology was done. Both tests were administered by the same evaluator to 111 adults older than 59 year-old (70,4 ± 7,3), on two occasions, with an interval of time between measures of 4 to 8 days. In the analysis, test-retest reliability was determined using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ICC= 2,1 with their confidence interval 95% (CI 95%) respective. The agreement level was established by the Bland and Altman method. Results: the test-retest reproducibility of the 30-s Arm Curl test was very good ICC= 0,88 and to the Chair Stand test was good ICC= 0,78. The agreement was very good for both tests of muscle endurance. The CI 95% were between -3,8 and 3,2 stands to 30-s Chair Stand test and between -3,1 and 2,8 curls to 30-s Arm Curl test. Conclusion: the 30-s Arm Curl and 30-s Chair Stand test have good reliability and agreement to assess muscle endurance in older adults functionally independent.

Objetivo: avaliar a reprodutibilidade teste-reteste e nível de concordância entre as medidas de testes 30 second (30-s) Arm Curl e 30-s Chair Stand em uma amostra de idosos de Bucaramanga. Materiais e métodos: se realizou um estudo de avaliação da tecnologia de diagnóstico. Ambos os testes foram administrados pelo mesmo avaliador a 111 adultos com mais de 59 anos de idade (70,4 ± 7,3), em duas ocasiões, com um intervalo de tempo entre as medidas de 4 a 8 dias. Na análise, se determinou a reprodutibilidade teste-reteste usando o Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse ICC= 2,1 com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%). O nível de concordância foi estabelecido pelo método de Bland e Altman. Resultados: a reprodutibilidade teste-reteste do 30-s Arm Curl teste era muito bom ICC= 0,88 e do 30-s Chair Stand teste foi boa ICC= 0,78. O acordo foi muito bom para ambos os testes de resistência muscular. Os IC 95% foram de -3,8 e 3,2 repetições para o 30-s Chair Stand teste e de -3,1 e 2,8 repetições para o 30-s Arm Curl teste. Conclusão: testes 30-s Arm Curl e 30-s Chair Stand possui boa reprodutibilidade e concordância para avaliar a resistência muscular em idosos funcionalmente independentes.