Correlación entre Leptina, indicadores antropométricos y parámetros metabólicos en paciente de 5-15 años con sobrepeso-obesidad

Introducción: la obesidad es un estado patológico caracterizado por una acumulación excesiva de tejido adiposo, la misma secreta adipocinas entre las cuales se encuentra la Leptina que está implicada en importantes funciones metabólicas como el control de apetito y peso corporal. Objetivos: se realizo este estudio de la correlación entre la concentración de Leptina sérica con indicadores antropométricos y parámetros bioquímicos en pacientes entre 5 a 15 años de edad, con sobrepeso u obesidad. Métodos: se efectuó e estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, con 148 pacientes entre 5 y 15 años de edad, se realizaron exámenes bioquímicos para evaluar la concentración de Leptina, Glucosa, Insulina, perfil lipídico e indicadores antropométricos. IMC, %GC y RCE. Resultados Se determinó correlaciones positivas entre las concentraciones de Leptina sérica con el IMC (75,4; p< 0,000), el (% GC) Porcentaje de grasa corporal (70,7: p< 0,000) y el (RCE) Razón Cintura estatura (75,4; p< 0,000), encontramos que no existe correlación entre la concentración de Leptina y Colesterol Total, por otra parte encontramos correlación negativa inversa con la concentración de Colesterol HDL en el sexo masculino, mientras que los Triglicéridos presentaron una correlación estadísticamente significativa. Por otra parte, no encontramos correlación significativa entre la determinación de la Leptina y la glicemia, por el contrario, la insulina presento una correlación alta estadísticamente significativa (p<0,000). Conclusiones: este estudio muestra la existencia de correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la Leptina sérica con indicadores antropométricos y parámetros bioquímicos en pacientes entre 5 a 15 años de edad, que tienen sobrepeso u obesidad.

Introduction: Obesity is a pathological state characterized by an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, which secretes adipokines where there is Leptin, that is involved in important metabolic functions such as appetite control and body weight. Objectives: a study was carried out on the correlation between the serum Leptin concentration with anthropometric indicators and biochemical parameters in patients between 5 and 15 years old, overweight and obesity. Methods: the cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out, with 148 patients between 5 and 15 years of age, biochemical tests were performed to evaluate the concentration of Leptin Glucose, insulin, lipid profile and anthropometric indicators BMI, % BF y WHR. Results: positive correlations were found between serum Leptin concentrations with BMI (75.4; p <0.000), the (% BF) Body fat percentage (70.7: p <0.000) and the (WHR) Waist Ratio height (75,4 p <0.000). A low correlation was observed between the Leptin concentration and Total Cholesterol, with the concentration of HDL Cholesterol an inverse correlation was found in male sex, while Triglycerides presented higher levels in the adolescent group, there was no statistically significant. Also, we did not find a significant between the determination of Leptin and glycemia, on the contrary, insulin presented a statistically significant higher correlation (p <0.000). Conclusion: this study shows the existence of a statistically significant correlation between serum Leptin with anthropometric indicators and biochemical parameters in patients between 5 and 15 years of age, who are overweight or obese.

Prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular disease risk factors using the WHO STEPS approach in Cochabamba, Bolivia.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered the number one cause of death worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries, Bolivia included. Lack of reliable estimates of risk factor distribution can lead to delay in implementation of evidence-based interventions. However, little is known about the prevalence of risk factors in the country. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of preventable risk factors associated with CVDs and to identify the demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with them in Cochabamba, Bolivia. METHODS: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among youth and adults (N = 10,704) with permanent residence in Cochabamba, selected through a multistage sampling technique, from July 2015 to November 2016. An adapted version of the WHO STEPS survey was used to collect information. The prevalence of relevant behavioural risk factors and anthropometric measures were obtained. The socio-demographic variables included were age, ethnicity, level of education, occupation, place of residence, and marital status. Proportions with 95% confidence intervals were first calculated, and prevalence ratios were estimated for each CVD risk factor, both with crude and adjusted models. RESULTS: More than half (57.38%) were women, and the mean age was 37.89 ± 18 years. The prevalence of behavioural risk factors were: current smoking, 11.6%; current alcohol consumption, 42.76%; low consumption of fruits and vegetables, 76.73%; and low level of physical activity, 64.77%. The prevalence of overweight was 35.84%; obesity, 20.49%; waist risk or abdominal obesity, 54.13%; and raised blood pressure, 17.5%. Indigenous populations and those living in the Andean region showed in general a lower prevalence of most of the risk factors evaluated. CONCLUSION: We provide the first CVD risk factor profile of people living in Cochabamba, Bolivia, using a standardized methodology. Overall, findings suggest that the prevalence of CVD risk factors in Cochabamba is high. This result highlights the need for interventions to improve early diagnosis, monitoring, management, and especially prevention of these risk factors.

Síndrome metabólico, factores de riesgo en niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso / Metabolic syndrome, risk factors in children and adolescents with overweight

INTRODUCCIÓN: se asocia al Síndrome Metabólico, la probabilidad de contraer enfermedad cardiovascular, hipertensión, resistencia a la insulina, diabetes y muerte prematura. OBJETIVO: evaluar la presencia de Síndrome Metabólico en niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso y establecer la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo asociados al Síndrome Metabólico. MÉTODOS: estudio transversal, descriptivo y analítico en niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso que acudieron a consulta de Endocrinología de los Hospitales Manuel Ascencio Villarroel y Albina Patiño de la ciudad de Cochabamba entre mayo a julio de 2015. Un total de 41 niños y adolescentes de 7 a 16 años de edad (24 hombres y 17 mujeres), fueron sometidos a evaluación antropométrica y laboratorial. RESULTADOS: la prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico en niños y adolescentes fue de 41%; el componente más frecuente de SM fue el HDL bajo que alcanzó el 78%, seguido de hipertrigliceridemia con un 48.8 %. Se observa la existencia de una asociación altamente significativa (Sig. 0.021) en la determinación del Índice de HOMA con el sobrepeso y obesidad. De igual forma entre la Insulina y el Índice de HOMA (Sig. 0,009). Al relacionar los criterios para la determinación de Síndrome metabólico, el 41,7% de los pacientes con sobrepeso presenta un solo factor de riesgo, al igual que el 44,83% de los que presentan obesidad, los que presentan 2 factores de riesgo, los valores son similares entre la población que presenta sobrepeso y obesidad (41,7% y 41,4 % respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: desarrollar hábitos y estilo de vida saludables a una edad temprana, para evitar las consecuencias del Síndrome Metabólico, además de reducir los costos de atención a pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares o Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. De ahí la importancia de realizar estudios que confirmen el diagnóstico precoz.

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic Syndrome (SM) is associated with the probability developing cardiovascular disease, hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes and premature death. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of Metabolic Syndrome in overweight children and adolescents and besides to establish the prevalence of risk factors associated with the Metabolic Syndrome. METHOD: It is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study about overweight children and adolescents who were attended at Endocrinology service of the Manuel Ascencio Villarroel and Albina Patiño Hospitals in Cochabamba city during May to July 2015. A total of 41 children and adolescents of 7 to 16 years old (24 men and 17 women) were submitted to anthropometric and laboratory evaluation. RESULTS: The MS prevalence in children and adolescents was 41%; the most frequent component was low HDL, which reached 78%, followed by hypertriglyceridemia with 48.8%. It was observed the existence highly significant association (Sig. 0.021) in the determination of the HOMA Index with overweight and obesity. In the same way were between Insulin and the HOMA Index (Sig. 0.009). Relating the criteria for the determination of metabolic syndrome, 41.7% of the overweight patients presented a single risk factor, it is similar the 44.83% obesity patients, they presented 2 risk factors, The values are similar between the population that is overweight and obese (41.7% and 41.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to developing healthy habits and lifestyle at an early form, to avoid the consequences of the Metabolic Syndrome, in addition to reducing the costs of care for patients with cardiovascular diseases or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. It is imperative to perform studies to confirming early diagnostic.

Embarazo de adolescentes y los servicios de la subregión metropolitana de la Secretaría Regional de Salud / Pregnancy adolescents and care in the metropolitan subregion of the regional secretary of health

La investigación pretende contribuir a sistematizar el conocimiento acerca de las actitudes y percepciones mutuas entre las adolescentes embarazadas usuarias de los servicios dependientes de la Secretaráia Nacional de Salud y los operadores de dichos serviciosasumir el tema del embarazo tienen que ver con el enorme peso social que dicha problemática encierra. Para quienes estudian los fenómenos sociales, ha sido llamado " la puerta de entrada a la pobreza" puesto que en último análisis contribuye a perpetuar el atraso económico de un país