Experience with tocilizumab in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

INTRODUCTION: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are immune-mediated inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system involving astrocytes, B lymphocytes, anti-aquaporin 4, and such inflammatory mediators as interleukin-6. Several immunosuppressants are used in their treatment. Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, may be a treatment option. METHOD: We performed an observational, retrospective study analysing parameters of effectiveness (annualised relapse rate, disability, and radiological progression) and safety of tocilizumab in patients with NMOSD in whom previous immunosuppressant treatment had failed. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tocilizumab in clinical practice in patients with NMOSD not responding to other immunosuppressants. RESULTS: Five patients with NMOSD were analysed. Sixty percent of patients were women; mean age at diagnosis was 50±5.3 years and mean progression time was 4.5±3.6 years. Previously administered immunosuppressants were rituximab (in all 5), cyclophosphamide (2), and azathioprine (1). Mean time of exposure to tocilizumab was 2.3±1 years. Mean annualised relapse rate was 1.8±1.3 in the year prior to the introduction of tocilizumab and 0.2±0.4 the year after (P<.05), representing a reduction of 88.9%. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, tocilizumab is safe and effective in patients with NMOSD showing no response to other immunosuppressants.

Experience with tocilizumab in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. / Experiencia con tocilizumab en pacientes con espectro de la neuromielitis óptica.

INTRODUCTION: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are immune-mediated inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system involving astrocytes, B lymphocytes, anti-aquaporin 4, and such inflammatory mediators as interleukin-6. Several immunosuppressants are used in their treatment. Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, may be a treatment option. METHOD: We performed an observational, retrospective study analysing parameters of effectiveness (annualised relapse rate, disability, and radiological progression) and safety of tocilizumab in patients with NMOSD in whom previous immunosuppressant treatment had failed. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tocilizumab in clinical practice in patients with NMOSD not responding to other immunosuppressants. RESULTS: Five patients with NMOSD were analysed. Sixty percent of patients were women; mean age at diagnosis was 50±5.3 years and mean progression time was 4.5±3.6 years. Previously administered immunosuppressants were rituximab (in all 5), cyclophosphamide (2), and azathioprine (1). Mean time of exposure to tocilizumab was 2.3±1 years. Mean annualised relapse rate was 1.8±1.3 in the year prior to the introduction of tocilizumab and 0.2±0.4 the year after (P <.05), representing a reduction of 88.9%. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, tocilizumab is safe and effective in patients with NMOSD showing no response to other immunosuppressants.

Acquired haemophilia A in a patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection receiving treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin: role of rituximab

Background: Acquired haemophilia is an uncommon condition caused by the development of clotting factor inhibitors. To eliminate them, immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs is required. Methods: We describe a case of rituximab use in acquired haemophilia refractory to conventional therapy in a 63 year old male patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection who was receiving treatment with pegylated-interferon-α-2a plus ribavirin. Results: After 21 weeks of antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to hospital with a large haematoma in the abdominal muscles. Factor VIII level was zero and inhibitor titer was 345 Bethesda units. Oral immunosuppressive therapy with methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide was administered for 1 month, with limited improvement. Therefore, cyclophosphamide was replaced by a four once-weekly dose of intravenous rituximab. Two months later, factor VIII level was normal and inhibitor titer was undetectable. Conclusion: Rituximab may be useful for the treatment of acquired haemophilia resistant to standard therapy (AU)

Antecedentes: la hemofilia adquirida es un trastorno infrecuente causado por el desarrollo de inhibidores del factor de coagulación. Para eliminarlos, se requiere tratamiento con corticoides y fármacos citotóxicos. Métodos: Describimos el caso del uso de rituximab en hemofilia adquirida refractaria al tratamiento convencional en un hombre de 63 años con infección crónica por el virus de la hepatitis C y que estaba recibiendo tratamiento con interferón pegilado α-2a y ribarivina. Resultados: Tras 21 semanas de tratamiento antivírico, el paciente fue ingresado en el hospital por un gran hematoma en la musculatura abdominal. La concentración de factor VIII era nula y el título de inhibidor fue de 345 unidades Bethesda. Se administró tratamiento inmunosupresor oral con metilprednisolona y ciclofosfamida durante 1 mes, con escasa mejoría. Así pues, se sustituyó la ciclofosfamida por una dosis semanal de rituximab intravenoso. Dos meses después, la concentración de factor VIII se normalizó y el título de inhibidor era indetectable. Conclusión: Rituximab puede ser útil en el tratamiento de la hemofilia adquirida resistente al tratamiento estándar (AU)

Acquired haemophilia A in a patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection receiving treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribarivin: role of rituximab.

BACKGROUND: Acquired haemophilia is an uncommon condition caused by the development of clotting factor inhibitors. To eliminate them, immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs is required. METHODS: We describe a case of rituximab use in acquired haemophilia refractory to conventional therapy in a 63 year old male patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection who was receiving treatment with pegylated-interferon-a-2a plus ribavirin. RESULTS: After 21 weeks of antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to hospital with a large haematoma in the abdominal muscles. Factor VIII level was zero and inhibitor titer was 345 Bethesda units. Oral immunosuppressive therapy with methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide was administered for 1 month, with limited improvement. Therefore, cyclophosphamide was replaced by a four once-weekly dose of intravenous rituximab. Two months later, factor VIII level was normal and inhibitor titer was undetectable. CONCLUSION: Rituximab may be useful for the treatment of acquired haemophilia resistant to standard therapy.

Antecedentes: la hemofilia adquirida es un trastorno infrecuente causado por el desarrollo de inhibidores del factor de coagulación. Para eliminarlos, se requiere tratamiento con corticoides y fármacos citotóxicos. Métodos: describimos el caso del uso de rituximab en hemofilia adquirida refractaria al tratamiento convencional en un hombre de 63 años con infección crónica por el virus de la hepatitis C y que estaba recibiendo tratamiento con interferón pegilado a-2a y ribarivina. Resultados: tras 21 semanas de tratamiento antivírico, el paciente fue ingresado en el hospital por un gran hematoma en la musculatura abdominal. La concentración de factor VIII era nula y el título de inhibidor fue de 345 unidades Bethesda. Se administró tratamiento inmunosupresor oral con metilprednisolona y ciclofosfamida durante 1 mes, con escasa mejoría. Así pues, se sustituyó la ciclofosfamida por una dosis semanal de rituximab intravenoso. Dos meses después, la concentración de factor VIII se normalizó y el título de inhibidor era indetectable. Conclusión: Rituximab puede ser útil en el tratamiento de la hemofilia adquirida resistente al tratamiento estándar.

Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo sobre la utilización de levosimendán en niños sometidos a corrección quirúrgica de cardiopatía congénita / Retrospective descriptive study about the use of levosimendan in children undergoing surgical correction for congenital heart disease

Objetivos. Describir la utilización de levosimendán en forma de uso compasivo en niños sometidos a corrección quirúrgica de cardiopatía congénita, la evolución de las variables hemodinámicas y analíticas estudiadas y la supervivencia. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo. Datos fuente: revisión de historias clínicas (mayo 2005- enero 2010). Se evaluaron las variables hemodinámicas y analíticas pre- y postadministración de levosimendán, fármacos vasoactivos utilizados y sus dosis, así como las reacciones adversas. Resultados. Se incluyeron 42 niños, de ellos 38 quirúrgicos, entre 4 días y 5,75 años de edad (mediana: 92 días). Se registraron 46 administraciones, ya que 4 niños recibieron 2 veces el medicamento. El rango de dosis osciló entre 0,1-0,6μg×kg−1×min−1. Solo un paciente recibió dosis de carga. En 15 administraciones (32,6%), se mantuvo la misma dosis durante toda la infusión; en 19 casos (41,3%) la dosis inicial fue aumentando o disminuyendo según las necesidades de soporte vasoactivo. La supervivencia acumulada en los pacientes quirúrgicos a los 30 días postadministración, calculada por el método de Kaplan-Meier, fue del 80%. Solo el nivel plasmático de lactato tuvo significación estadística en relación con la mortalidad (p<0,001). Conclusiones. No hubo un criterio uniforme en la utilización de levosimendán, empleándose como agente de rescate. La supervivencia acumulada fue similar a la encontrada en los ensayos clínicos con levosimendán en adultos. Son necesarios ensayos clínicos en pacientes pediátricos para determinar el papel de levosimendán en el contexto quirúrgico, que permitan establecer protocolos clínicos para el uso de este medicamento en pediatría(AU)

Objectives. To describe the use of levosimendan for compassionate use in children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease, as well as survival rates, and the variations in the haemodynamic and analytical variables studied. Material and methods. An observational retrospective descriptive study was performed, using a review of clinical histories, from May 2005 to January 2010. Haemodynamic and analytical variables pre- and post- levosimendan administration, drugs used, and their dosages, and any adverse reactions were recorded. Results. Forty two children, 38 of them undergoing surgical correction, between the ages of four days and 5.75 years (median 92 days) were included. The drug was infused on 46 occasions. Four children received two doses. The infusion rate was among 0.1 to 0.6 μg×kg−1×min−1. Only one patient received a loading dose. In 15 administrations (32.6%), the same dose was maintained throughout the infusion period. In 19 cases (41.3%), the dose was increased or decreased according to the need for vasoactive support. In surgical patients, overall survival after 30 days of the administration, calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, was 80%. Blood lactate levels were statistically associated with mortality (P<.001). Conclusions. There were no uniform criteria for using levosimendan, and it was only used as a rescue drug. Overall survival was similar to that reported in adult clinical trials. Clinical trials also need to be carried out in paediatric patients to determine the role of levosimendan in surgical practice, in order to develop and establish a clinical protocol for its use in children(AU)

[Retrospective descriptive study about the use of levosimendan in children undergoing surgical correction for congenital heart disease]. / Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo sobre la utilización de levosimendán en niños sometidos a corrección quirúrgica de cardiopatía congénita.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the use of levosimendan for compassionate use in children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease, as well as survival rates, and the variations in the haemodynamic and analytical variables studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational retrospective descriptive study was performed, using a review of clinical histories, from May 2005 to January 2010. Haemodynamic and analytical variables pre- and post- levosimendan administration, drugs used, and their dosages, and any adverse reactions were recorded. RESULTS: Forty two children, 38 of them undergoing surgical correction, between the ages of four days and 5.75 years (median 92 days) were included. The drug was infused on 46 occasions. Four children received two doses. The infusion rate was among 0.1 to 0.6 µg × kg⁻¹ × min⁻¹. Only one patient received a loading dose. In 15 administrations (32.6%), the same dose was maintained throughout the infusion period. In 19 cases (41.3%), the dose was increased or decreased according to the need for vasoactive support. In surgical patients, overall survival after 30 days of the administration, calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, was 80%. Blood lactate levels were statistically associated with mortality (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: There were no uniform criteria for using levosimendan, and it was only used as a rescue drug. Overall survival was similar to that reported in adult clinical trials. Clinical trials also need to be carried out in paediatric patients to determine the role of levosimendan in surgical practice, in order to develop and establish a clinical protocol for its use in children.