High grade phyllodes tumor with osteosarcomatous differentiation: Case report and review of the literature.

Phyllodes tumors (PTs) are rare fibroepithelial malignancies of the breast, accounting for less than 1% of malignant breast tumors. PTs are usually solitary tumors but can be associated with other malignancies, such as DCIS or invasive carcinomas and sarcomas. Osteosarcomatous differentiation of a malignant phyllodes tumor is rare, and differentiation of this rare breast tumor from other entities is of vital importance to clinicians due for appropriate treatment and prognosis. We present a case of rare high-grade phyllodes tumor with osteosarcomatous differentiation presenting on mammogram as a calcified lobulated mass; ultrasound revealed a 1.5 cm irregularly calcified mass, suggestive of bone. An ultrasound-guided core biopsy and subsequent lumpectomy revealed a cellular stroma with osteoid stromal matrix and cytologic atypia with bone formation. At 18 months postprocedure, a recurrence was identified at the previous surgical site, and the patient underwent a mastectomy. Here we present a single case of high-grade PT with osteosarcomatous differentiation and a comprehensive literature review, highlighting the mammographic and histologic characteristics of this rare presentation.

Penetration of Bone by Inferior Vena Cava Filters: Safety and Technical Success of Percutaneous Retrieval.

PURPOSE: The technical success and safety of percutaneous inferior vena cava filters (IVCF) retrieval when filter elements are penetrating into adjacent bony structures is unknown. Therefore, our purpose was to evaluate the technical success and safety of IVCF retrieval when filter elements are penetrating into adjacent bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using percutaneous IVCF retrievals from 2008 to 2018 in adult patients, we conducted a multi-institutional, retrospective review of filters found to penetrate lumbar vertebrae by computed tomography scans. Technical success following the retrieval procedure was recorded. Patient records were assessed for complications from retrieval. RESULTS: 13 patients (2 males; 11 females; mean age: 53.2 years (range: 22-71) were included. Hundred percent of the filters were optional (retrievable) filters. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) with a contraindication to anticoagulation (n = 7; 53.8%) and prophylaxis without venous thromboembolism (n = 3; 23.1%) were the 2 most common indications for IVCF placement. Two filters (15.4%) had >15° of tilt relative to the IVC prior to retrieval while no IVCFs had migrated or caused caval thrombosis. One filter (7.7%) was found to have a fractured strut prior to retrieval. Ten patients (76.9%) were either on anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications at the time of retrieval. No patients were on antibiotics and no patients received periprocedural antibiotics. Median dwell time was 116.5 days (range: 49-5395). All 13 IVCFs were successfully retrieved in a single session (technical success: 100%). Standard snare technique was used in 8 cases (61.5%), endobronchial forces were used in 3 cases (23.1%), and wire loop snare technique was used in 2 cases (15.4%). There were no complications in any patient. Percutaneous retrieval of IVCFs with elements that have penetrated into adjacent vertebrae is both safe and technically feasible.

Enhancing Optical Correlation Decision Performance for Face Recognition by Using a Nonparametric Kernel Smoothing Classification.

Optical correlation has a rich history in image recognition applications from a database. In practice, it is simple to implement optically using two lenses or numerically using two Fourier transforms. Even if correlation is a reliable method for image recognition, it may jeopardize decision making according to the location, height, and shape of the correlation peak within the correlation plane. Additionally, correlation is very sensitive to image rotation and scale. To overcome these issues, in this study, we propose a method of nonparametric modelling of the correlation plane. Our method is based on a kernel estimation of the regression function used to classify the individual images in the correlation plane. The basic idea is to improve the decision by taking into consideration the energy shape and distribution in the correlation plane. The method relies on the calculation of the Hausdorff distance between the target correlation plane (of the image to recognize) and the correlation planes obtained from the database (the correlation planes computed from the database images). Our method is tested for a face recognition application using the Pointing Head Pose Image Database (PHPID) database. Overall, the results demonstrate good performances of this method compared to competitive methods in terms of good detection and very low false alarm rates.

Multimodal acquisition of articulatory data: Geometrical and temporal registration.

Acquisition of dynamic articulatory data is of major importance for studying speech production. It turns out that one technique alone often is not enough to get a correct coverage of the whole vocal tract at a sufficient sampling rate. Ultrasound (US) imaging has been proposed as a good acquisition technique for the tongue surface because it offers a good temporal sampling, does not alter speech production, is cheap, and is widely available. However, it cannot be used alone and this paper describes a multimodal acquisition system which uses electromagnetography sensors to locate the US probe. The paper particularly focuses on the calibration of the US modality which is the key point of the system. This approach enables US data to be merged with other data. The use of the system is illustrated via an experiment consisting of measuring the minimal tongue to palate distance in order to evaluate and design Magnetic Resonance Imaging protocols well suited for the acquisition of three-dimensional images of the vocal tract. Compared to manual registration of acquisition modalities which is often used in acquisition of articulatory data, the approach presented relies on automatic techniques well founded from geometrical and mathematical points of view.