Executive Summary of the Spanish Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Imported Febrile Illnesses from the Spanish Society of Tropical Medicine and International Health (SEMTSI), the Imported Pathology Group of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (GEPI-SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC), the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) and the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES).

The Spanish Society of Tropical Medicine and International Health (SEMTSI), the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) and the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC) have prepared a consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of patients with imported febrile illnesses. Twenty authors with different backgrounds and representing different healthcare perspectives (ambulatory primary care, travel and tropical medicine specialists, emergency medicine, hospital care, microbiology and parasitology and public health), identified 39 relevant questions, which were organised in 7 thematic blocks. After a systematic review of the literature and a thoughtful discussion, the authors prepared 125 recommendations, as well as several tables and figures to be used as a consulting tool. The present executive summary shows a selection of some of the most relevant questions and recommendations included in the guidelines.

Diagnostic performance of plasma pTau217, pTau181, Aß1-42 and Aß1-40 in the LUMIPULSE automated platform for the detection of Alzheimer disease.

BACKGROUND: Recently developed blood markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection have high accuracy but usually require ultra-sensitive analytic tools not commonly available in clinical laboratories, and their performance in clinical practice is unknown. METHODS: We analyzed plasma samples from 290 consecutive participants that underwent lumbar puncture in routine clinical practice in a specialized memory clinic (66 cognitively unimpaired, 130 participants with mild cognitive impairment, and 94 with dementia). Participants were classified as amyloid positive (A +) or negative (A-) according to CSF Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio. Plasma pTau217, pTau181, Aß1-42 and Aß1-40 were measured in the fully-automated LUMIPULSE platform. We used linear regression to compare plasma biomarkers concentrations between A + and A- groups, evaluated Spearman's correlation between plasma and CSF and performed ROC analyses to assess their diagnostic accuracy to detect brain amyloidosis as determined by CSF Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio. We analyzed the concordance of pTau217 with CSF amyloidosis. RESULTS: Plasma pTau217 and pTau181 concentration were higher in A + than A- while the plasma Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio was lower in A + compared to A-. pTau181 and the Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio showed moderate correlation between plasma and CSF (Rho = 0.66 and 0.69, respectively). The areas under the ROC curve to discriminate A + from A- participants were 0.94 (95% CI 0.92-0.97) for pTau217, and 0.88 (95% CI 0.84-0.92) for both pTau181 and Aß1-42/Aß1-40. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was related to increased plasma biomarker concentrations, but ratios were less affected. Plasma pTau217 had the highest fold change (× 3.2) and showed high predictive capability in discriminating A + from A-, having 4-7% misclassification rate. The global accuracy of plasma pTau217 using a two-threshold approach was robust in symptomatic groups, exceeding 90%. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of blood biomarkers on an automated platform exhibited high diagnostic accuracy for AD pathophysiology, and pTau217 showed excellent diagnostic accuracy to identify participants with AD in a consecutive sample representing the routine clinical practice in a specialized memory unit.

Cortical microinfarcts in adults with Down syndrome assessed with 3T-MRI.

BACKGROUND: Cortical microinfarcts (CMI) were attributed to cerebrovascular disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA is frequent in Down syndrome (DS) while hypertension is rare, yet no studies have assessed CMI in DS. METHODS: We included 195 adults with DS, 63 with symptomatic sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 106 controls with 3T magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed CMI prevalence in each group and CMI association with age, AD clinical continuum, vascular risk factors, vascular neuroimaging findings, amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration biomarkers, and cognition in DS. RESULTS: CMI prevalence was 11.8% in DS, 4.7% in controls, and 17.5% in sporadic AD. In DS, CMI increased in prevalence with age and the AD clinical continuum, was clustered in the parietal lobes, and was associated with lacunes and cortico-subcortical infarcts, but not hemorrhagic lesions. DISCUSSION: In DS, CMI are posteriorly distributed and related to ischemic but not hemorrhagic findings suggesting they might be associated with a specific ischemic CAA phenotype. HIGHLIGHTS: This is the first study to assess cortical microinfarcts (assessed with 3T magnetic resonance imaging) in adults with Down syndrome (DS). We studied the prevalence of cortical microinfarcts in DS and its relationship with age, the Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical continuum, vascular risk factors, vascular neuroimaging findings, amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration biomarkers, and cognition. The prevalence of cortical microinfarcts was 11.8% in DS and increased with age and along the AD clinical continuum. Cortical microinfarcts were clustered in the parietal lobes, and were associated with lacunes and cortico-subcortical infarcts, but not hemorrhagic lesions. In DS, cortical microinfarcts are posteriorly distributed and related to ischemic but not hemorrhagic findings suggesting they might be associated with a specific ischemic phenotype of cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Cross-sectional versus longitudinal cognitive assessments for the diagnosis of symptomatic Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic form of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, clinical diagnosis is difficult, and experts emphasize the need for detecting intra-individual cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of baseline and longitudinal neuropsychological assessments for the diagnosis of symptomatic AD in DS. METHODS: Longitudinal cohort study of adults with DS. Individuals were classified as asymptomatic, prodromal AD, or AD dementia. We performed receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to compare baseline and longitudinal changes of CAMCOG-DS and mCRT. RESULTS: We included 562 adults with DS. Baseline assessments showed good to excellent diagnostic performance for AD dementia (AUCs between 0.82 and 0.99) and prodromal AD, higher than the 1-year intra-individual cognitive decline (area under the ROC curve between 0.59 and 0.79 for AD dementia, lower for prodromal AD). Longer follow-ups increased the diagnostic performance of the intra-individual cognitive decline. DISCUSSION: Baseline cognitive assessment outperforms the 1-year intra-individual cognitive decline in adults with DS.

Basal forebrain atrophy along the Alzheimer's disease continuum in adults with Down syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Basal forebrain (BF) degeneration occurs in Down syndrome (DS)-associated Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the dynamics of BF atrophy with age and disease progression, its impact on cognition, and its relationship with AD biomarkers have not been studied in DS. METHODS: We included 234 adults with DS (150 asymptomatic, 38 prodromal AD, and 46 AD dementia) and 147 euploid controls. BF volumes were extracted from T-weighted magnetic resonance images using a stereotactic atlas in SPM12. We assessed BF volume changes with age and along the clinical AD continuum and their relationship to cognitive performance, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration biomarkers, and hippocampal volume. RESULTS: In DS, BF volumes decreased with age and along the clinical AD continuum and significantly correlated with amyloid, tau, and neurofilament light chain changes in CSF and plasma, hippocampal volume, and cognitive performance. DISCUSSION: BF atrophy is a potentially valuable neuroimaging biomarker of AD-related cholinergic neurodegeneration in DS.

Effects of storage conditions on the stability of blood-based markers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered the most common cause of dementia in older people. Recently, blood-based markers (BBM) Aß1-42, Aß1-40, and phospho Tau181 (p-Tau181) have demonstrated the potential to transform the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of AD. Our aim was to investigate the effect of different storage conditions on the quantification of these BBM and to evaluate the interchangeability of plasma and serum samples. METHODS: Forty-two individuals with some degree of cognitive impairment were studied. Thirty further patients were retrospectively selected. Aß1-42, Aß1-40, and p-Tau181 were quantified using the LUMIPULSE-G600II automated platform. To assess interchangeability between conditions, correction factors for magnitudes that showed strong correlations were calculated, followed by classification consistency studies. RESULTS: Storing samples at 4 °C for 8-9 days was associated with a decrease in Aß fractions but not when stored for 1-2 days. Using the ratio partially attenuated the pre-analytical effects. For p-Tau181, samples stored at 4 °C presented lower concentrations, whereas frozen samples presented higher ones. Concerning classification consistency in comparisons that revealed strong correlations (p-Tau181), the percentage of total agreement was greater than 90 % in a large number of the tested cut-offs values. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide relevant information for the standardization of sample collection and storage in the analysis of AD BBM in an automated platform. This knowledge is crucial to ensure their introduction into clinical settings.

Diagnostic performance of plasma pTau 217, pTau 181, Aß 1-42 and Aß 1-40 in the LUMIPULSE automated platform for the detection of Alzheimer disease.

BACKGROUND: Recently developed blood markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection have high accuracy but usually require ultra-sensitive analytic tools not commonly available in clinical laboratories, and their performance in clinical practice is unknown. METHODS: We analyzed plasma samples from 290 consecutive participants that underwent lumbar puncture in routine clinical practice in a specialized memory clinic (66 cognitively unimpaired, 130 participants with mild cognitive impairment, and 94 with dementia). Participants were classified as amyloid positive (A+) or negative (A-) according to CSF Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio. Plasma pTau217, pTau181, Aß1-42 and Aß1-40 were measured in the fully-automated LUMIPULSE platform. We used linear regression to compare plasma biomarkers concentrations between A + and A- groups, evaluated Spearman's correlation between plasma and CSF and performed ROC analyses to assess their diagnostic accuracy to detect brain amyloidosis as determined by CSF Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio. We analyzed the potential of pTau217 to predict amyloidosis in CSF. RESULTS: Plasma pTau217 and pTau181 concentration were higher in A + than A- while the plasma Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio was lower in A + compared to A-. pTau181 and the Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio showed moderate correlation between plasma and CSF (Rho = 0.66 and 0.69, respectively). The areas under the ROC curve to discriminate A + from A- participants were 0.94 (95% CI 0.92-0.97) for pTau217, and 0.88 (95% CI 0.84-0.92) for both pTau181 and Aß1-42/Aß1-40. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was related to increased plasma biomarker concentrations, but ratios were less affected. Plasma pTau217 had the highest fold change (x4.2) and showed high predictive capability in discriminating A + from A-, having 4-7% misclassification rate. The global accuracy of plasma pTau217 using a two-threshold approach was robust in symptomatic groups, exceeding 90%. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of blood biomarkers on an automated platform exhibited high diagnostic accuracy for AD pathophysiology, and pTau217 showed excellent diagnostic accuracy to identify participants with AD in a consecutive sample representing the routine clinical practice in a specialized memory unit.

Importance of cerebrospinal fluid storage conditions for the Alzheimer's disease diagnostics on an automated platform.

OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered the most common cause of dementia in older people. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aß1-42, Aß1-40, total Tau (t-Tau), and phospho Tau (p-Tau) are important biomarkers for the diagnosis, however, they are highly dependent on the pre-analytical conditions. Our aim was to investigate the potential influence of different storage conditions on the simultaneous quantification of these biomarkers in a fully-automated platform to accommodate easier pre-analytical conditions for laboratories. METHODS: CSF samples were obtained from 11 consecutive patients. Aß1-42, Aß1-40, p-Tau, and t-Tau were quantified using the LUMIPULSE G600II automated platform. RESULTS: Temperature and storage days significantly influenced Aß1-42 and Aß1-40 with concentrations decreasing with days spent at 4 °C. The use of the Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio could partly compensate it. P-Tau and t-Tau were not affected by any of the tested storage conditions. For conditions involving storage at 4 °C, a correction factor of 1.081 can be applied. Diagnostic agreement was almost perfect in all conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Cutoffs calculated in samples stored at -80 °C can be safely used in samples stored at -20 °C for 15-16 days or up to two days at RT and subsequent freezing at -80 °C. For samples stored at 4 °C, cutoffs would require applying a correction factor, allowing to work with the certainty of reaching the same clinical diagnosis.

The Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio in CSF is more strongly associated to tau markers and clinical progression than Aß1-42 alone.

BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aß1-42 levels and the Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio are markers of amyloid pathology, but previous studies suggest that their levels might be influenced by additional pathophysiological processes. AIMS: To compare Aß1-42 and the Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio in CSF in different neurodegenerative disorders and study their association with other biomarkers (tTau, pTau181, and NfL) and with cognitive and functional progression. METHODS: We included all participants from the Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration (SPIN) with CSF Aß1-42 and Aß1-42/Aß1-40. Participants had diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal lobar degeneration-related syndromes, non-neurodegenerative conditions, or were cognitively normal. We classified participants as "positive" or "negative" according to each marker. We compared CSF levels of tTau, pTau181, and NfL between concordant and discordant groups through ANCOVA and assessed differences in cognitive (MMSE, FCSRT) and functional (GDS, CDR-SOB) progression using Cox regression and linear-mixed models. RESULTS: In the 1791 participants, the agreement between Aß1-42 and Aß1-42/Aß1-40 was 78.3%. The Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio showed a stronger correlation with tTau and pTau181 than Aß1-42 and an agreement with tTau and pTau181 of 73.1% and 77.1%, respectively. Participants with a low Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio showed higher tTau and pTau181 and worse cognitive and functional prognosis, regardless of whether they were positive or negative for Aß1-42. The results were consistent across stages, diagnostic categories, and use of different cutoffs. CONCLUSION: Although Aß1-42 and Aß1-42/Aß1-40 are considered markers of the same pathophysiological pathway, our findings provide evidence favoring the use of the Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio in clinical laboratories in the context of AD.

Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light chain for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of frontotemporal dementia.

BACKGROUND: Astrocytes play an essential role in neuroinflammation and are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodenegerative diseases. Studies of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocytic damage marker, may help advance our understanding of different neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic performance of plasma GFAP (pGFAP), plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) and their combination for frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their clinical utility in predicting disease progression. METHODS: pGFAP and pNfL concentrations were measured in 72 FTD, 56 AD and 83 cognitively normal (CN) participants using the Single Molecule Array technology. Of the 211 participants, 199 underwent cerebrospinal (CSF) analysis and 122 had magnetic resonance imaging. We compared cross-sectional biomarker levels between groups, studied their diagnostic performance and assessed correlation between CSF biomarkers, cognitive performance and cortical thickness. The prognostic performance was investigated, analyzing cognitive decline  through group comparisons by tertile. RESULTS: Unlike pNfL, which was increased similarly in both clinical groups, pGFAP was increased in FTD but lower than in AD (all P < 0.01). Combination of both plasma markers improved the diagnostic performance to discriminate FTD from AD (area under the curve [AUC]: combination 0.78; pGFAP 0.7; pNfL 0.61, all P < 0.05). In FTD, pGFAP correlated with cognition, CSF and plasma NfL, and cortical thickness (all P < 0.05). The higher tertile of pGFAP was associated with greater change in MMSE score and poor cognitive outcome during follow-up both in FTD (1.40 points annually, hazard ratio [HR] 3.82, P < 0.005) and in AD (1.20 points annually, HR 2.26, P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: pGFAP and pNfL levels differ in FTD and AD, and their combination is useful for distinguishing between the two diseases. pGFAP could also be used to track disease severity and predict greater cognitive decline during follow-up in patients with FTD.

Fractional modeling of flexural behavior of toenail plates: First step for clinical purposes.

This work presents an identification procedure of flexural behavior of toenail plates in twenty subjects with no history of feet or nail injury as of in-vivo measurements. In particular, four different mechanical models are considered to describe such properties, ranging from the pure elastic to viscoelastic behavior, the latter from the classical and fractional points of view. The quality of the adjustment of each model is examined by a group of performance indices. Experimental data show that the best identification is achieved by the fractional order viscoelastic model for all subjects. These novel results in modeling flexural behavior of toenails are consistent with the published literature suggesting that viscoelastic materials may be successfully modeled with derivatives of fractional order. This could contribute, together with additional variables, to help health professionals, and more especially podiatrists, to have reliable and quantitative measures of the nail flexural behavior which can be susceptible of treatment or for prevention.

Mobile origami immunosensors for the rapid detection of urinary tract infections.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) have a high prevalence and can yield poor patient outcomes if they progress to urosepsis. Here we introduce mobile origami biosensors that detect UTIs caused by E. coli at the bedside in less than 7 minutes. The origami biosensors are made of a single piece of paper that contains antibody-decorated nanoparticles. When the urine sample contains E. coli, the biosensors generate colored spots on the paper strip. These are then quantified with a mobile app that calculates the pixel intensity in real time. The tests are highly specific and do not cross-react with other common uropathogens. Furthermore, the biosensors only yielded one false negative result when queried with a panel containing 57 urine samples from patients, which demonstrates that they have excellent sensitivity and specificity. This, along with the rapid assay time and smartphone-based detection, makes them useful for aiding in the diagnosis of UTIs at the point of care.

Real-life management of patients with breakthrough cancer pain caused by bone metastases in Spain.

Purpose: We aimed to explore the characteristics, and real-life therapeutic management of patients with breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) caused by bone metastases in Spain, and to evaluate physicians' opinion of and satisfaction with prescribed BTcP therapy. Participants and methods: For the purposes of this study, an ad-hoc questionnaire was developed consisting of two domains: a) organizational aspects and care standards; b) clinical and treatment variables of bone metastatic BTcP patients. In addition, physicians' satisfaction with their prescribed BTcP therapy was assessed. Specialists collected data from up to five patients receiving treatment for BTcP caused by bone metastasis, all patients gave their consent to participate prior to inclusion. Results: A total of 103 cancer pain specialists (radiation oncologists [38.8%], pain specialists [33.0%], and palliative care (PC) specialists [21.4%]) were polled, and data on 386 BTcP patients with bone metastatic disease were collected. Only 33% of the specialists had implemented specific protocols for BTcP management, and 19.4% had established referral protocols for this group of patients. Half of all participants (50.5%) address quality of life and quality of care in their patients; however, only 27.0% did so from the patient's perspective, as they should do. Most patients had multiple metastases and were prescribed rapid-onset fentanyl preparations (71.2%), followed by immediate-release morphine (9.3%) for the treatment of BTcP. Rapid-onset fentanyl was prescribed more often in PC units (79.0%) than in pain units (75.9%) and radiation oncology units (61.1%) (p<0.01). Furthermore, most physicians (71.8%) were satisfied with the BTcP therapy prescribed. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the need for routine assessment of quality of life in patients with bone BTcP. These findings also underscore the necessity for a multidisciplinary therapeutic strategy for breakthrough pain in clinical practice in Spain.

Invasive mole in a perimenopausal woman with lung and vaginal metastases: A case report.

Gestational trophoblastic disease can result in serious complications and disease progression. Therefore, follow-up of such patients is essential for early detection of malignant trophoblastic tumors and to reduce mortality rate. Primary treatment is chemotherapy but hysterectomy should be considered in patients who have uncontrollable hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability.

Utilidad de las secuencias funcionales por resonancia magnética en el estudio de los tumores óseos y de partes blandas. Revisión imaginológica / Difusion and Functional Sequences: Utility in the Study of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors. Pictorial Review

La resonancia magnética es la técnica de imagen de elección para diagnosticar, caracterizar, estadificar, realizar el seguimiento y valorar la respuesta al tratamiento de los tumores musculoesqueléticos. Para estos fines se utilizan las secuencias convencionales. Desde hace algunos años se han comenzado a implementar nuevas técnicas avanzadas, como la secuencia en fase y fase opuesta, difusión, perfusión y espectroscopia, que en conjunto se denominan técnicas funcionales, las cuales proporcionan información más específica del comportamiento, fisiología, metabolismo y biología molecular del tumor. Estas secuencias son no invasivas, aportan información adicional cualitativa, cuantitativa, metabólica y vascular por lo que deberían utilizarse de manera rutinaria en el momento de realizar el diagnóstico y, especialmente, en el seguimiento de los tumores óseos y de partes blandas. En este artículo se revisa la técnica de dichas secuencias, particularmente la secuencia de difusión, mediante casos ilustrativos de nuestros hospitales: Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe y Hospital Universitario Quirón Salud de Madrid. También se revisarán las aplicaciones e importancia de un análisis combinado de estas nuevas herramientas, que aportarán información adicional para adecuada caracterización, enfoque diagnóstico y respuesta al tratamiento de las lesiones tumorales en el sistema musculoesquelético

Magnetic resonance imaging (MR) is the preferred technique for the diagnosis, characterization, staging, follow-up and assessment of response to treatment of musculoskeletal tumors. Conventional sequences help to classify these lesions. Recently new evolving functional MR sequences with advanced techniques have been implemented, such as phase sequence, opposite phase, diffusion, perfusion and spectroscopy, which provide specific information about the behavior, physiology, metabolism and molecular biology of the tumor. These sequences are non-invasive and provide additional qualitative, quantitative, metabolic and vascular information, making them important for the diagnosis and monitoring of bone and soft tissue tumors. This article reviews the technique of these sequences, particualrly the diffusion technique, using illustrative cases from the Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe (Medellin ­ Colombia) and the University Hospital Quirón Salud (Madrid ­ Spain). We aim to review the utility and importance of a combined analysis of these new tools, which will provide additional information for adequate characterization, diagnosis and response to treatment of tumor lesions in the musculoskeletal system.

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Para-Aortic Lymphadenectomy in Para-Aortic Staging of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To review/learn a surgical technique not very well-known by gynecologic oncologists. DESIGN: Level of evidence III. SETTING: A review of a surgical technique with emphasis on the para-aortic sentinel lymph nodes using indocyanine green. INTERVENTION: The film features the following steps to perform the procedure: 1. Creating a retroperitoneal window. 2. What to do if the peritoneum is torn. 3. Finding the psoas muscle, right ureter, and common iliac artery. Dissecting the right common iliac artery caudally to the bifurcation of the external iliac artery and internal iliac artery and cranially to the inferior mesenteric artery, the ovarian arteries, and the left renal vein. 4. A view of all of the nodes with fluorescence when indocyanine green is injected into the cervix. At present, the sentinel lymph nodes are not the standard of care for locally advanced cervical cancer. If the nodes are metastatic at this stage, all the para-aortic area will undergo radiation therapy. 5. Dissecting the inferior vena cava from the intersection with the right uterer to the right and left renal veins. 6. Performing the lateroaortic, preaortic, and precaval lymphadenectomy. 7. A final view with all of the elements (i.e., bifurcation of the common iliac artery, the left renal vein, and both ureters). 8. In the final part of the video, we open the peritoneal window to decrease the incidence of lymphoceles. CONCLUSION: The real novelty of this video is how the para-aortic area nodes are seen when green indocyanine is injected into the cervix. This video shows a simplified technique of retroperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy using an advanced bipolar sealant. Some tips and tricks to facilitate the procedure are emphasized, especially in cases of accidental peritoneal tears. To decrease the incidence of lymphoceles before completing the surgery, the peritoneal window should be opened. This surgical technique is especially useful in endometrial cancer for staging the para-aortic area in obese patients and in advanced cervical cancer to determine the field of radiotherapy.

Resultados del test molecular GynEC®-DX en aspirados endometriales con dictamen histológico no concluyente / Results of GynEC®-DX molecular test in endometrial aspirates with inconclusive histological assessmen

Objetivo: medir el porcentaje de resultados concluyentes obtenidos mediante el test de diagnóstico molecular GynEC®-DX en un grupo de pacientes con resultado anatomopatológico insuficiente o no concluyente en la biopsia obtenida mediante aspirado endometrial. Material y métodos: estudio multicéntrico prospectivo, en el que se realizó el test de diagnóstico molecular en una nueva toma de aspirado endometrial tras un resultado no concluyente previo en el estudio histológico. Resultados: se obtuvo un resultado concluyente en el 89,4% (n = 84) de las 94 pacientes reclutadas. En este estudio, el test demostró una sensibilidad del 100%, una especificidad del 88,2%, y un valor predictivo negativo del 100%. Conclusiones: el test de diagnóstico molecular consiguió establecer un resultado determinante en el 89,4% de los casos en los que el patólogo no pudo obtener un diagnóstico mediante análisis histológico (AU)

Objective: To estimate the percentage of conclusive result obtained with GynEC®-DX molecular diagnostic test in a group of patients with an insufficient or inconclusive pathological result in the endometrial aspirate biopsy. Material and methods: Prospective multicenter study where the molecular diagnostic test was carried out in a new endometrial aspirate sample. Results: A conclusive result was obtained in 89.4% (n = 84) of the 94 patients recruited. The molecular test had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 88.2% and a negative predictive value of 100%. Conclusions: The molecular diagnostic test was able to establish a determining result in 89.4% of the cases in which the pathologist could not obtain a diagnosis by histological analysis (AU)

Disomía uniparental-duplicación paterna de la región del cromosoma 11p15.5 como causa de displasia mesenquimatosa placentaria / Placental mesenchymal dysplasia due to uniparental disomy/paternal duplication of 11p15.5

Resumen ANTECEDENTES La displasia mesenquimatosa de la placenta es una enfermedad rara que en la ecografía se observa con vesículas en forma de racimo de uvas. Puede provocar complicaciones en el embarazo, como: restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, muerte intrauterina y parto pretérmino. CASO CLÍNICO Paciente de 31 años con displasia mesenquimatosa placentaria diagnosticada en la ecografía del primer trimestre de embarazo. Se apreció una zona con formaciones econegativas de 14 x 20 mm, con escasa captación del doppler color y que terminó de confirmarse en el segundo trimestre, con una biopsia corial. El embarazo trascurrió con normalidad hasta la semana 33, que fue cuando se detectó la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. Debido a la alta incidencia de complicaciones obstétricas derivadas de éste se decidió la inducción del parto en la semana 37 de la gestación. CONCLUSIONES El diagnóstico de displasia mesenquimatosa placentaria requiere seguimiento estrecho del embarazo e inducir su finalización entre las semanas 37-38 para aminorar las complicaciones perinatales.

Abstract BACKGROUND Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is a rare disease of the placenta which presents with vesicles in the form of a cluster of grapes on ultrasound. It can cause pregnancy complications such as: intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine death, and preterm birth CLINICAL CASE A 31-year-old patient with placental mesenchymal dysplacia diagnosed on the ultrasound of the first trimester of pregnancy, in which an area with 14 x 20 mm econegative formations was observed with little uptake of the color Doppler and which was confirmed in the second trimester by corial biopsy of that area. The pregnancy was normal until week 33, after which an intrauterine growth restriction was detected. Due to the high incidence of obstetric complications of this entity, an induction of labor was decided at week 37 of gestation. CONCLUSIONS Whenever this type of pathology is diagnosed, it is recommended a close follow-up of pregnancy and an induction of labor around 37-38 weeks of gestation, due to the perinatal complications presents.

Hormona antimülleriana como predictor de respuesta ovárica. Revisión de la literatura y validación del test en nuestra unidad de reproducción asistida / Antimüllerian hormone as a predictor of ovarian response. Review of the literature and validation of the test in our assisted reproduction unit

Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad del test de hormona antimülleriana para predecir la baja o alta respuesta en pacientes usuarias de fecundación in vitro de nuestro centro. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre el papel del test de hormona antimülleriana en el estudio de la paciente infértil. Material y métodos: se trata de un estudio retrospectivo en 392 mujeres incluidas en nuestro programa de fecundación in vitro entre los años 2014-2015. A cada paciente se le extrajo una muestra de sangre para la determinación de hormona antimülleriana como parte del estudio básico de infertilidad. Tras la estimulación y punción ovárica, se correlacionó la hormona antimülleriana con el número de ovocitos obtenidos. Resultados: el valor de 0,29 ng/ml predijo la baja respuesta con una especificidad del 99%. El valor que mejor se comportó a la hora de predecir la alta respuesta fue 4,38 ng/ml con una sensibilidad del 87% y una especificidad de 84%. Conclusiones: la hormona antimülleriana nos ayuda a predecir la respuesta a la estimulación ovárica controlada en los ciclos de fecundación in vitro. Un valor de 0,29 ng/ml nos permite identificar la baja respuesta con un 99% de especificidad y un valor predictivo positivo del 86% en nuestra población. Nuestros puntos de corte son similares a los publicados en la literatura (AU)

Objective: Evaluate the potential of antimüllerian hormone levels to predict low or high response, in vitro fertilization patients treated by our centre. Perform a literature review of the use of antimüllerian hormone testing in the Investigation of infertile patients. Material and methods: We carried out a retrospective study of 392 women, who started treatment of in vitro fertilization between 2014 and 2015 in our reproductive unit. Each patient provided a blood sample as part of the basic infertility investigations; this was tested for levels of antimüllerian hormone. Following ovarian stimulation and harvest, the level of antimüllerian hormone was correlated with the number of oocytes extracted. Results: A Value of 0.29 ng/ml predicts low response with a specificity of 99%. The antimüllerian hormone level, which best correlated with a high response, was greater than 4.38 ng/ml, with high sensitivity (87%) and specificity (84%). Conclusions: Antimüllerian hormone levels help to predict response to controlled ovarian stimulation in cycles of in vitro fertilization. A Value of 0.29 ng/ml helps us to identify low likelihood of response, with a specificity of 99% and a positive predictive value of 86% in our population. Our cut-off points are similar to those reported in the literatura (AU)