The role of acupuncture in the present approach to labor induction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the bibliographic references available on the contribution of acupuncture as a strategy to avoid labor induction and the methodology used; and explore the characteristics of the population and the results of the intervention in order to direct the design of future studies. DATA SOURCE: A systematic search for publications between January 2000 and September 2023 of the CENTRAL, PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EUDRACT databases was performed. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included randomized clinical trials of pregnant women who underwent acupuncture before labor induction with a filiform needle or acupressure, including at least 1 of the following outcomes: spontaneous labor rate, time from procedure to delivery, and cesarean delivery rate. Articles published in English or German language were included. METHODS: Whenever possible, a meta-analysis using RevMan software was performed using a random effects model with the I2 statistic because important heterogeneity in the different acupuncture treatments was expected. When enough data were available, the effect of the participants' characteristics on the results of the interventions were explored using the following subgroups: 1-Age (≥35 vs <35 years), and 2- body mass index (≥30 vs <30 kg/m2). When a meta-analysis was not possible, a narrative synthesis of the results was performed. The quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. RESULTS: Seventeen studies including 3262 women fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant differences between groups for outcomes (relative risk, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.10; I2, 11%) comparing acupuncture vs sham acupuncture. However, there was a statistically significant increase in the spontaneous onset of labor rate favoring acupuncture vs no acupuncture (relative risk, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.23; I2, 25%). Regarding the age analysis, no differences between groups were observed in the spontaneous labor rate and cesarean delivery rate for acupuncture vs sham and acupuncture vs no acupuncture comparisons (difference between groups, P>.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that acupuncture may be beneficial in reducing the rate of induction of labor; however, well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary. Maternal age ≥35 years and a high body mass index were underrepresented, and the findings may not be representative of the current population in our context.

Determination of the steroid profile in alternative matrices by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

The simultaneous determination of a broad panel of steroids provides more accurate information about the hormonal status than the detection of a single hormone. For that reason, the determination of the steroid profile, i.e. the endogenous steroid hormones and their main metabolites, has become the most powerful tool for the study of hormonal imbalances. The usefulness of the evaluation of the steroid profile in urine and plasma is widely accepted. However, despite its broad potential applicability, the evaluation of the whole steroid profile in alternative matrices such as amniotic fluid, saliva and breast milk remains almost unexplored. In this research we developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of several steroids and their metabolites in amniotic fluid (28 analytes), saliva (15) and breast milk (12). Sample preparation, chromatographic conditions and mass spectrometric conditions (e.g. ionization species or ion source parameters) were optimized. The method was shown to be linear in the range of endogenous concentrations for all studied metabolites. Intra- and inter-assay accuracies were between 80% and 120% while intra- and inter-precisions were below 20% for all analytes in all matrices. The applicability of the method was evaluated by the comparison between the concentration ranges obtained in healthy volunteers (n = 30 per matrix) and the scarce data previously reported in literature. The concentration ranges for several analytes are reported for the first time. The present methodology represents a useful tool for the comprehensive evaluation of the steroid profile in alternative matrices and can be applicable for different clinical purposes.

Nuevos retos en los cuidados: detección de la ansiedad en la gestante de riesgo / New care challenges: detection of anxiety in pregnant women at risk

Aunque el embarazo se considera un periodo de bienestar y felicidad en la vida de la mujer, en ocasiones estas expectativas se ven alteradas por problemas a nivel materno o fetal, generándose situaciones de vulnerabilidad. La evidencia indica que la ansiedad en el embarazo está fuertemente asociada con resultados maternos e infantiles adversos como depresión posparto, parto prematuro, bajo peso al nacer y problemas de salud y desarrollo mental en la infancia. Por otra parte, se evidencia que las complicaciones obstétricas y perinatales incrementan el riesgo de ansiedad y depresión posparto, y que los niveles de ansiedad aumentan conforme lo hace el riesgo gestacional. Las recomendaciones actuales acerca del cuidado y el tratamiento de los problemas de salud mental en las mujeres durante el embarazo y hasta un año después del parto están dirigidas al reconocimiento, evaluación, cuidado y tratamiento, asegurando la continuidad asistencial. El objetivo de este artículo se centra en el reconocimiento de la ansiedad en la gestante de riesgo, a partir de la definición de casos modelo, con el fin de potenciar el pensamiento crítico tanto en los profesionales sanitarios como en las gestantes y mejorar, de este modo, el cuidado de estas pacientes

Pregnancy is considered a period of well-being and happiness in a woman's life. However, these expectations are occasionally disrupted by maternal and/or foetal problems, and situations of vulnerability develop. The evidence suggests that pregnancy-related anxiety is strongly associated with adverse maternal and child outcomes such as pospartum depression, premature birth, low birth weight, and health and mental development problems in childhood. On the other hand, it is evident that obstetric and perinatal complications increase the risk of pospartum anxiety and depression while anxiety levels increase as the gestational risk increases. Current recommendations about the care and treatment of mental health problems in women during pregnancy and up to one year after delivery are aimed at recognition, evaluation, care and treatment, ensuring continuity of care. The aim of this study was to recognise anxiety in pregnant women at risk, from the definition of model cases, in order to enhance critical thinking in both health professionals and pregnant women and thus improve the care of these patients

New care challenges: detection of anxiety in pregnant women at risk. / Nuevos retos en los cuidados: detección de la ansiedad en la gestante de riesgo.

Pregnancy is considered a period of well-being and happiness in a woman's life. However, these expectations are occasionally disrupted by maternal and/or foetal problems, and situations of vulnerability develop. The evidence suggests that pregnancy-related anxiety is strongly associated with adverse maternal and child outcomes such as pospartum depression, premature birth, low birth weight, and health and mental development problems in childhood. On the other hand, it is evident that obstetric and perinatal complications increase the risk of pospartum anxiety and depression while anxiety levels increase as the gestational risk increases. Current recommendations about the care and treatment of mental health problems in women during pregnancy and up to one year after delivery are aimed at recognition, evaluation, care and treatment, ensuring continuity of care. The aim of this study was to recognise anxiety in pregnant women at risk, from the definition of model cases, in order to enhance critical thinking in both health professionals and pregnant women and thus improve the care of these patients.

A Program Aimed at Reducing Anxiety in Pregnant Women Diagnosed With a Small-for-Gestational-Age Fetus: Evaluative Findings From a Spanish Study.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of anxiety-reducing techniques including music therapy, sophrology, and creative visualization in pregnant women with a fetus diagnosed as small for gestational age and improved fetal and neonatal weight. This was a quasi-experimental study with a nonrandomized clinical trial design. We compared 2 groups of pregnant women with a fetus diagnosed as small for gestational age with no abnormalities on Doppler studies. The control group (n = 93) received standard care, and the intervention group (n = 65), in addition to standard care, underwent a program of 6 sessions led by a midwife or nurse who taught anxiety-reduction techniques. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) including trait and state subscales were completed by both groups at the start of the study, and only the STAI-State subscale was completed again at the end of the study. Comparisons between the 2 groups regarding fetal weight and centile and maternal STAI scores were performed using the t test and the χ test. There were no significant differences in the STAI-Trait scores between the 2 groups. There were statistically significant differences in the intervention group's STAI-State score percentiles between the start and the end of the study, being lower at the end of the study (P < .001). There were significant differences between the 2 groups in fetal weight trajectory on the basis of fetal weight: the intervention group had a larger weight gain (P < .005). The program designed to reduce anxiety in pregnant women was effective at reducing anxiety in the women in the intervention group, leading to a favorable fetal weight trajectory in this group.

La influencia del estrés o ansiedad de la gestante en el peso fetal o neonatal: revisión bibliográfica / Impact of maternal stress or anxiety on the fetal or neonatal weight: a literature review

Objetivo: Examinar si la presencia de ansiedad o estrés materno durante el embarazo influye en el peso del feto o el neonato y cómo cambian las variables asociadas. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de artículos indexados en las bases de datos PubMed, CINHAL, Cuiden, Scielo, Lilacs, Dialnet, Latindex, Cuidatge y WorldCat, publicados entre 2001 y 2016. Resultados: A pesar de que la metodología de los estudios es muy variada, 9 de los 22 artículos seleccionados para la revisión concluyeron que existe una relación entre la presencia de estrés o ansiedad y el menor peso del bebé al nacer. No hay consenso sobre en qué trimestre de gestación afecta más el estrés, aunque sí se destaca la importancia del segundo trimestre. Conclusión: La evidencia indica que la presencia de estrés o ansiedad durante el embarazo afecta negativamente al peso fetal o del recién nacido, reduciéndolo o impidiendo que se desarrolle el potencial de éste. La disparidad de herramientas y momento de medida del estrés o la ansiedad, entre otras variables, puede influir en la lectura de los resultados (AU)

Objective: To clarify through a review of the evidence whether the presence of stress or anxiety during pregnancy influence fetal weight and how change the associated variables. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, CINHAL, Cuiden, Scielo, Lilacs, Dialnet, Latindex, Cuidatge and Worldcat databases for articles published between 2001 and 2016 in peer-reviewed journals. Results: A total of 9 articles conclude that the babies of anxious and stressed women born weighing less despite there are multiples differences on the methodology of each article. There is no consensus about which trimester of pregnancy is more critical nor the mechanisms involved on the weight although emphasize the second trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions: The evidence shows that the presence of stress during pregnancy is related to a reduction on the birthweight. The disparity measurement tools and time stress, among other variables, may affect the reading of the results (AU)