Morphogenesis of the lateral nasal wall from 6 to 36 weeks.

This research describes the development of the lateral nasal wall, the description of which will allow a better comprehension of its anatomic complexity. One hundred embryos and fetuses from the sixth to thirty-sixth weeks of morphologic age were studied. The seventh week shows the first buds of the three turbinates. At the ninth week the precartilaginous nucleus of the inferior turbinate is observed. Likewise, at the tenth week the uncinate process appears, and the invagination of the epithelium begins the formation of the infundibulum and the maxillar sinus. At the fourteenth week the cartilaginous nasal capsule is present. The epithelium is invaginated, starting the formation of the ethmoid cells. During the seventeenth week of development the invagination of the mucus has invaded the maxillar bone, which constitutes the maxillar sinus. At the thirty-sixth week the lateral nasal wall is well developed. In 23 fetuses the supreme turbinate (fourth) was found. Although the length of the lower three turbinates increased progressively and proportionally in intrauterine life without differences between the sexes, the fourth remains invariably at an average length of 5 mm from the fourteenth to the thirty-sixth and was present in 65% of male fetuses.

Morphogenesis of the gubernaculum testis in Sprague-Dawley rat. Preliminary report.

The morphology of testicular descent in the Sprague-Dawley rat from day 14 of gestation to newborn was studied; the purpose was to analyse the anatomy and related observations made with light and scanning microscopy. Adult female rats were mated during estrus. The presence of spermatozoa in vaginal smears was taken to indicate day 0 of gestation. Animals were kept in a controlled 12-hour light-darkness cycle; food and water were provided ad libitum. At day 14 genital ducts are similar in both sexes. At day 15 and 16 the gubernaculum testis is seen as a mesenchymal cord that extends from mesonephros to the pelvic floor. At day 17 near the enlarged caudal end of gubernaculum, evagination of the abdominal cavity begins forming the peritoneo-vaginal process. The testis ligament as well as the gubernaculum testis attaching to the epididymis at different locations have no direct relation between themselves as such. During day 18, testis rotates on its own longitudinal axis in a ventral-lateral direction. This movement twists the testis ligament, the epididymis and deferent duct lengthen and these structures are lined up in the direction of the peritoneo-vaginal process. The testis is generally situated in the newborn, on or near the internal ring. The gubernaculum testis is attached to the epididymis but does not exercise traction on the testis. The epididymis is a factor in this descending process.

[Congenital syphilis, intrauterine radiologic diagnosis]. / Sífilis congénita, diagnóstico radiológico intrauterino.

The present work includes six cases of congenital syphilis that were diagnosed radiologically before birth in patients with positive syphilitic reactions who had not been given treatment during gestation. The x-ray diagnosis was mainly based on lesions of diaphyses and metaphyses of the long bones of the fetal skeleton that were identified in lateral projection of x-ray plates of the maternal abdomen. In all cases reported, x-ray plates were taken in the immediate post-partum period with confirmation of the bony lesions and at the same time, of the laboratory tests including blood picture and liver function test in 5 cases. Autopsy was practiced in one case.

[Multicystic kidney in the newborn]. / Riñón multiquístico en el recién nacido.

Fourteen cases of multicystic kidney were identified out of 153,825 births through five and a half years at the "Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto" hospital in Monterrey, Nuevo León. The etiopathogenesis and heredity in this disease are not clear. An early diagnosis is possible following a careful abdominal examination. The left kidney is the one most frequently involved. The excretory urography only shows renal exclusion of the affected side; when the disease is of only one side there is good excretion of the opaque medium by the contralateral kidney. The kidney is substituted by an irregular mass made up of multiple cysts losing the aspects of a normal kidney. Microscopically, its architecture is completely lost and there is replacement by cysts and some occasional hypoplastic glomeruli. If the opposite kidney is not affected, the prognosis is good. Nephrectomy must be done. Differential diagnosis must be made with hydronephrosis, nephroblastoma and thrombosis of the renal vein.