Reinforcement of the Standard Therapy with Two Infusions of Convalescent Plasma for Patients with COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to evaluate the reinforcement of the standard therapy with hyperimmune plasma (HP) in Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) patients. METHODS: Open-label, multicenter, randomized clinical trial performed in three hospitals in the Balearic Islands. Non-severe COVID-19 hospitalized patients with clinical time evolution equal to/less than 7 days were included, and randomized in: plasma group (PG) (n = 37), receiving 600 mL divided into two doses from convalescent plasma donor, administered on days 1 and 2 after the enrollment; and control group (CG) (n = 17). Primary outcome was the time for clinical improvement within 21 days, defined as patient achievement of categories 8, 7, and 6 in the Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial scale (ACTT). The trial was terminated early due to the impossibility of recruitment due to the pandemic. RESULTS: PG presented better scores on the ACTT scale at 7 days after HP infusion, whereas CG was needed 14 days to achieve similar results. The plasma infusion was safe. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the tendency observed in the plasma group to achieve slightly earlier better physical condition compared with the standard treatment alone. The administration of HP has been shown to be a safe therapy. No robust evidence was found to affirm a therapeutic effect of the early administration of two infusions of HP for non-severe COVID-19 infected patients. The interpretation is limited by the early termination of the trial, which resulted in a small sample size.

Afectación osteoarticular por Streptococcus pneumoniae tras la autorización de las vacunas conjugadas / Osteoarticular infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae since authorization of conjugate vaccines

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Vacuna neumocócica: «El camino del progreso no es ni rápido ni fácil» / Neumococcal vaccine: «the road to progress is neither fast nor easy»

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Preliminary findings on the influence of FTO rs9939609 and MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms on resting energy expenditure, leptin and thyrotropin levels in obese non-morbid premenopausal women

Given that leptin, ghrelin and thyrotropin play a major role in the regulation of resting energy expenditure (REE) and that the FTO rs9939609 and the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms have been proposed to affect energy homeostasis, we hypothesized that both polymorphisms are associated with REE and that these relationships can be mediated by leptin, ghrelin and thyrotropin in obesity. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the relationships between FTO rs9939609 and the MC4R rs17782313 with REE, leptin, ghrelin and thyrotropin levels in obese women. The study comprised 77 obese (body mass index 34.0 ± 2.8 kg/m2) women (age 36.7 ± 7 years). We measured body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and REE by indirect calorimetry. We analysed fasting leptin, ghrelin and thyrotropin levels and the ratio of leptin to fat mass was calculated. Genotype distributions of the polymorphisms did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg expectations (P values >0.2). Women carrying the A allele of the FTO rs9939609 had lower REE (1,580 ± 22 vs. 1,739 ± 35 kcal/day, P < 0.001) and higher leptin to fat mass ratio (1.33 ± 0.05 vs. 1.13 ± 0.08 ng/ml kg, P < 0.05) and thyrotropin levels (1.93 ± 0.10 vs. 1.53 ± 0.16 ìU/ml, P < 0.05) regardless of age and body mass index. We found no significant influence of the MC4R rs17782313 on energy metabolism or biochemical variables. Our findings confirm that the A allele of the FTOrs9939609 is associated with lower REE and increased plasma leptin levels. We also found an association between the FTO rs9939609 and thyrotropin, suggesting the possible influence of FTOin the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis as a potential mechanism of the increased adiposity

Preliminary findings on the influence of FTO rs9939609 and MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms on resting energy expenditure, leptin and thyrotropin levels in obese non-morbid premenopausal women.

Given that leptin, ghrelin and thyrotropin play a major role in the regulation of resting energy expenditure (REE) and that the FTO rs9939609 and the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms have been proposed to affect energy homeostasis, we hypothesized that both polymorphisms are associated with REE and that these relationships can be mediated by leptin, ghrelin and thyrotropin in obesity. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the relationships between FTO rs9939609 and the MC4R rs17782313 with REE, leptin, ghrelin and thyrotropin levels in obese women. The study comprised 77 obese (body mass index 34.0 ± 2.8 kg/m(2)) women (age 36.7 ± 7 years). We measured body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and REE by indirect calorimetry. We analysed fasting leptin, ghrelin and thyrotropin levels and the ratio of leptin to fat mass was calculated. Genotype distributions of the polymorphisms did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg expectations (P values >0.2). Women carrying the A allele of the FTO rs9939609 had lower REE (1,580 ± 22 vs. 1,739 ± 35 kcal/day, P < 0.001) and higher leptin to fat mass ratio (1.33 ± 0.05 vs. 1.13 ± 0.08 ng/ml kg, P < 0.05) and thyrotropin levels (1.93 ± 0.10 vs. 1.53 ± 0.16 µU/ml, P < 0.05) regardless of age and body mass index. We found no significant influence of the MC4R rs17782313 on energy metabolism or biochemical variables. Our findings confirm that the A allele of the FTO rs9939609 is associated with lower REE and increased plasma leptin levels. We also found an association between the FTO rs9939609 and thyrotropin, suggesting the possible influence of FTO in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis as a potential mechanism of the increased adiposity.