Evaluation of Long-Term Posterior Segment Parameters in Children Who Had Recovered From Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term posterior segment findings in children recovering from multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our study included 22 patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit with a diagnosis of MIS-C between November 2021 and March 2022, and 25 healthy controls. The study included pediatric patients who had an eye examination an average of 12.35 ± 2.18 months after recovery from MIS-C. Detailed eye examinations and measurements of all participants were obtained retrospectively from patient files. Posterior segment parameters were measured using swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCT-A); these parameters included peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), macular vascular densities (VD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area. RESULTS: Mean age was 9.7 ± 3.6 years in the MIS-C group and 10.6 ± 2.8 years in the healthy control group (P = 0.316). There were no statistically significant differences between the MIS-C group and the healthy control group in terms of pRNFL thickness, CMT, and SCT. However, in the MIS-C group, the macular superficial vascular plexus and deep vascular plexus showed significantly lower VD in the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants compared to the healthy controls (P < 0.05 for all). A comparison of the superficial and deep FAZ area parameters of both groups showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We showed that patients who had recovered from MIS-C had retinal vascular damage at the long-term follow-up. Following up with these patients after recovery with OCT and OCT-A, which are noninvasive methods commonly used in the detailed evaluation of the posterior segment of the eye, could be beneficial for understanding the long-term effects of MIS-C on retinal microvasculature. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2024;55:XX-XX.].

Clinical features, management, and outcomes of patients with sterile endophthalmitis associated with intravitreal bevacizumab injection: retrospective case series.

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical features, treatment protocol, outcomes, and complications that developed in this case series of 24 patients who had consecutive sterile endophthalmitis after intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection. METHODS: In this retrospective case series, IVB was repackaged in individual aliquots from the three batches that were used on the same day. IVB was injected into 26 eyes of 26 patients due to diabetic macular edema, age-related macular degeneration, and branch retinal vein occlusion. All patients had intraocular inflammation. Patients were divided into two groups severe and moderate inflammation according to the intraocular inflammation. The medical records of all patients were reviewed. At each follow-up visit, the complete ophthalmologic examination was performed, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, biomicroscopy, and posterior fundus examination. RESULTS: Twenty-four of 26 patients were included in the study. Two patients were excluded from this study since they didn't come to follow-up visits. The mean BCVA was 1.00 ± 0.52 Log MAR units before IVB. At the final visit, the BCVA was 1.04 ± 0.47 Log MAR units. These differences were not significant (p = 0.58). Of the 24 eyes, 16 eyes had severe, and 8 eyes had moderate intraocular inflammation. Eleven eyes in the severe inflammation group underwent pars plana vitrectomy due to intense vitreous opacity. Smear, culture results, and polymerase chain reaction results were negative. CONCLUSION: Sterile endophthalmitis may occur after IVB injection. Differential diagnosis of sterile endophthalmitis from infective endophthalmitis is crucial to adjust the appropriate treatment and prevent long-term complications due to unnecessary treatment.

Efficacy of custom-made soft keratoconus lenses on corneal aberrations and photic phenomena in patients with keratoconus: a corneal topography imaging based study.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of custom-made soft keratoconus (KC) lenses on corneal aberrations and photic phenomena in two different optical zones in patients with KC. METHODS: Sixty eyes of 42 patients with KC were examined at baseline and after fitting HydroCone (Toris K) soft silicone hydrogel lenses. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) and contact lens-corrected visual acuity (CLCVA) were recorded. Lower- and higher-order corneal aberrations (LOAs and HOAs) were measured with and without Toris K lenses and compared in central 4.5 mm and 7 mm zones. Mesopic pupil diameter and subjective photic phenomena were also assessed. RESULTS: Mean CLCVA was significantly improved compared to BSCVA (P<0.0001). Corneal curvature and refractive measurements were found to be significantly reduced by the use of Toris K lenses, except for posterior corneal curvature values. In the 4.5 mm central optical zone, all wavefront aberrations decreased significantly after lens fitting (P<0.0001). In contrast, in the 7 mm (peripheral) optical zone, values for HOAs, spherical and residual aberrations, and optical path differences were increased, while LOAs, trefoil, and quadrifoil coefficients were decreased. The rate of photic phenomena was significantly higher in participants with a pupil size >6.00 mm (85.7%). CONCLUSION: Toris K lenses provide good visual results and a significant reduction in central corneal aberrations in patients with KC but could cause an increase in peripheral aberrations. This practical and nonsurgical approach appears to be an effective method for the visual management of KC.

Neuro-Behcet's disease in a case with papilledema and intracranial hypertension as the initial presentation.

A 27-year-old female presented to the Clinic of Ophthalmology with the complaints of photophobia, headache, and diplopia. An ophthalmological examination indicated that her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes with decreased contrast sensitivity. Fundoscopic examination revealed bilateral papilledema. The cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure was above normal at 38.5 cm H2O. Cranial magnetic resonance imagining venography revealed left lateral sinus thrombosis and right lateral sinus retardation of filling. Based on her history, laboratory tests, and neuro-imaging findings, she was diagnosed with vascular neuro-Behcet's disease (NBD). It is important to consider NBD in the differential diagnosis of patients with bilateral papilledema and intracranial hypertension.

Effect of oral Colchicine on Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with familial Mediterranean fever.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether oral colchicine has an effect on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients. METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional study by comparing pRNFL thickness of FMF patients on colchicine (treated group), newly diagnosed colchicine naïve FMF patients (untreated group) and healthy controls. The study included 66 FMF patients and 32 healthy control subjects. Treated FMF patients were grouped according to colchicine use, duration of use and dosage. pRNFL thickness of the patients and controls were measured by using optical coherence tomography and the measurements were compared. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the pRNFL thickness in untreated group, treated group and the healthy control group (all p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between pRNFL thickness in the healthy control group and FMF patients grouped according to duration or dosage of colchicine use (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: According to our study, FMF and oral colchicine use had no statistically significant effect on pRNFL thickness.

A comparison of different autorefractors with retinoscopy in children.

PURPOSE: To compare the results of different refractive error measurement devices including table-mounted and hand-held autorefractors and videoretinoscopy with cycloplegic retinoscopy (CR) in children to evaluate the usability and reliability of these devices in measuring refractive errors. METHODS: Two hundred eyes of 100 children underwent autorefraction using table-mounted autorefractor with and without cycloplegia and videoretinoscopy after cycloplegia. All results were compared statistically. RESULTS: The mean spheric values (SV) and spherical equivalent values (SEV) of the non-cycloplegic table-mounted autorefractor were found to be significantly lower and those of the cycloplegic table-mounted autorefractor were found to be significantly higher than CR results. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of mean SV and SEV between the hand-held autorefractor and CR. Although the mean SV using videoretinoscopy were 0.15 diopters lower than CR, this difference was not significant. Comparing CR with the other refraction methods, all devices correlated with each other. Sensitivity in diagnosing myopia was low for all methods but sensitivity in diagnosing hyperopia and astigmatism was high for table-mounted and hand-held autorefractors. The other reliability parameters were found to be similar for all devices. CONCLUSIONS: Both videoretinoscopy and hand-held autorefractor can be used in both screening and examination for children as an alternative to CR and table-mounted autorefractor.